1 <GENUS name="Aachenosaurus" type="with">
2 <MEANING>Aachen lizard</MEANING>
3 <SPECIES name="multidens">
4 <AUTHOR name="Smets" year="1888"/>
5 <PROPERTAXON nonanimal="1"/>
8 <P>Actually a piece of petrified wood.</P>
12 <GENUS name="Abelisaurus" type="with">
13 <MEANING>Abel's lizard</MEANING>
14 <LENGTH value="6.5" q="1"/>
15 <MASS value="1500" q="1"/>
16 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
17 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
18 <REMAINS content="skull lacking tip of snout, much of jaws, & parts of roof" museum="MC" id="11098" type="holo"/>
19 <SPECIES name="comahuensis">
20 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Novas" year="1985"/>
21 <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Comahue <LOW>Formation</LOW></MEANING>
24 <P> Known only from a partial skull, 80cm long. </P>
28 <GENUS name="Abrictosaurus">
29 <AUTHOR name="Hopson" year="1975"/>
34 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
35 <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
36 <PLACE name="Lesotho, S. Africa"/>
37 <REMAINS museum="UCL" id="B54" content="partial skeleton" type="holo"/>
38 <REMAINS museum="UCL" id="A.100" content="partial skull"/>
39 <SPECIES name="consors" original="Lycorhinus">
40 <AUTHOR name="Thulborn" year="1974"/>
41 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Hopson" year="1975"/>
44 <P> Suggested as the female(?) form of another <LINK content="heterodontosaurid"/>. </P>
48 <GENUS name="Abrosaurus" type="with">
50 <SPECIES name="dongpoensis">
51 <AUTHOR name="Ouyang" year="1989"/>
52 <REMAINS type="holo" content="specimen including skull"/>
54 <SPECIES name="gigantorhinus">
55 <AUTHOR name="Ouyang" year="1986"/>
56 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Zhang, Chen" year="1996"/>
57 <MEANING>giant-snouted</MEANING>
58 <SYNONYM name="dongpoensis"/>
61 <P>Two different species names have been used in conjunction with the
62 same type material. <NOMEN name="A. gigantorhinus"/> was used first, but
63 in a dissertation, and hence was not a valid name by ICZN rules. The
64 first version of the name to be published in accord with ICZN rules
65 was <NOMEN name="A. dongpoensis"/>.</P>
69 <GENUS name="Acanthopholis" type="with">
70 <MEANING>spine scute</MEANING>
73 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
74 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
75 <PLACE name="England"/>
76 <SPECIES name="horrida" status="dubium">
77 <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1867"/>
78 <REMAINS content="teeth, postcranial elements"/>
80 <SPECIES name="eucercus" status="dubium">
81 <MEANING>well-tailored</MEANING>
82 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
83 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
84 <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="55551" content="caudal vertebra"/>
85 <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="55552" content="caudal vertebra"/>
86 <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="55553" content="caudal vertebra"/>
87 <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="55554" content="caudal vertebra"/>
88 <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="55555" content="caudal vertebra"/>
89 <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="55556" content="caudal vertebra"/>
91 <SPECIES name="hughesii" status="nudum">
92 <AUTHOR name="Pereda-Superbiola, Barrett" year="1998"/>
93 <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="B55463-55490" content="dorsal vertebrae, 7 caudal vertebrae, transverse process, 3 phalanges, 7 dermal plates, ?4 metapodials"/>
95 <SPECIES name="keepingi" status="nudum">
96 <AUTHOR name="Pereda-Superbiola, Barrett" year="1998"/>
97 <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="B55491-55526" content="dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, 3 transverse processes, 13 dermal plates, ?rib, ?chevron, ?metatarsal, ?2 phalanges, ?fragmentary ilium, ?2 indeterminate bones"/>
99 <SPECIES name="macrocercus" status="dubium">
100 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
101 <REMAINS museum="SMC" content="19 cervical, dorsal, sacral, & caudal vertebrae"/>
102 <REMAINS content="osteoderms"/>
104 <SPECIES name="platypus" status="dubium">
105 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
106 <MEANING>flat-footed</MEANING>
107 <REMAINS content="caudal centra, phalanx"/>
109 <SPECIES name="stereocercus" status="dubium">
110 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
111 <REMAINS content="caudal vertebrae, dermal spine"/>
113 <ESSAY><P>Much <LINK content="iguanodont"/> material has mistakenly been
114 assigned to various members of this genus.</P></ESSAY>
117 <GENUS name="Achelousaurus" type="with">
118 <MISSPELLED name="Achelosaurus"/>
119 <MEANING>Acheloos' lizard"</MEANING>
121 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
122 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
123 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
124 <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="485" content="incomplete skull" type="holo"/>
125 <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="591" content="partial skull, nearly complete spine, pelvis, ?femur" age="subadult"/>
126 <SPECIES name="horneri">
127 <AUTHOR name="Sampson" year="1995"/>
128 <MEANING><LOW>John</LOW> Horner's</MEANING>
131 <P> <NOMEN name="Achelousaurus"/> was an intermediate between
132 <NOMEN name="Einiosaurus"/> and <NOMEN name="Pachyrhinosaurus"/>.
133 It is named after a shape-changing river god. </P>
137 <GENUS name="Achillobator" type="with">
138 <SPECIES name="giganticus">
139 <AUTHOR name="Perle, Norell, Clark" year="1999"/>
140 <MEANING>gigantic</MEANING>
142 <LENGTH value="5" q="1"/>
143 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
145 <ESSAY><P>A large <LINK content="deinonychosaur"/> with unusual pelvic features.</P></ESSAY>
148 <GENUS name="Acracanthus" status="oblitum">
149 <AUTHOR name="Langston" year="1947"/>
150 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Czaplewski, Cifelli, Langston" year="1994"/>
151 <SYNONYM name="Acrocanthosaurus"/>
152 <MEANING>high spine</MEANING>
155 <GENUS name="Acrocanthosaurus" type="with">
156 <MEANING>high spine lizard</MEANING>
159 <MASS value="2000" q="1"/>
160 <MASS value="3500" q="1"/>
161 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
162 <TIME value="Albian"/>
163 <PLACE name="Oklahoma, Texas, Utah"/>
164 <PLACE name="Maryland" q="1"/>
165 <REMAINS museum="MUO" id="8-0-59" content="partial skeleton" type="holo"/>
166 <REMAINS museum="MUO" id="8-0-58" content="partial postcranium" type="para"/>
167 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
168 <SPECIES name="atokensis">
169 <AUTHOR name="Stovall, Langston" year="1950"/>
171 <SPECIES name="altispinax">
172 <SYNONYM name="Becklespinax altispinax" status="objective"/>
173 <MEANING>tall-spined</MEANING>
176 <P> This large animal had long vertebrae along its back, possibly forming a
177 sail. The vertebral spines were 20-30 cm (8-12 inches) high along the neck
178 and tail, possibly up to 50 cm (20 inches) along the back. It was once
179 classified as a <LINK content="spinosaur"/>, since, like
180 <NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/>, it had long vertebral spines. But the rest of
181 the animal is little like <NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/>, and even the "fin"
182 is different. It may be a late <LINK content="allosaurine"/> or an early
183 <LINK content="carcharodontosaurine"/>. </P>
187 <GENUS name="Actiosaurus">
188 <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1882"/>
189 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
192 <GENUS name="Adasaurus" type="with">
193 <MEANING>Ada's <LOW>(evil spirit in Mongolian mythology)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
195 <MASS value="15" q="1"/>
196 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian" q="1"/>
197 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
198 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
199 <REMAINS musum="GIN" id="100/20" content="partial skeleton" type="holo"/>
200 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
201 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
202 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1983"/>
203 <MEANING>from Mongolia</MEANING>
206 <P> Although often classified as a <LINK content="dromaeosaurid"/>,
207 it may be closer to <LINK content="birds"/>. </P>
211 <GENUS name="Aegyptosaurus" type="with">
212 <MEANING>Egyptian lizard</MEANING>
214 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
215 <PLACE name="Egypt"/>
216 <REMAINS museum="IPGH" content="3 centra; left scapula (partial), humerus, & radius; right ulna; left tibia & femur" comment="destroyed in World War II" type="holo"/>
217 <SPECIES name="baharijensis">
218 <AUTHOR name="Stromer" year="1932"/>
219 <MEANING>from Baharîya <LOW>Oasis</LOW></MEANING>
223 <GENUS name="Aeolosaurus" type="with">
224 <MISSPELLED name="Eolosaurus"/>
225 <MEANING>Aeolus' <LOW>(god of wind)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
227 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
228 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
229 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
230 <REMAINS content="5 tail vertebrae, ulna, radius, metacarpal, pubis, ischium, dermal plates"/>
231 <REMAINS museum="MPCA" id="27174" content="5 caudal vertebrae, right ulna, metacarpal, left pubis, right ischium"/>
232 <REMAINS museum="MPCA" id="27175" content="right ulna & radius"/>
233 <REMAINS museum="MPCA" id="27176" content="osteoderm"/>
234 <REMAINS museum="MPCA" id="27177" content="osteoderm"/>
235 <SPECIES name="rionegrinus">
236 <AUTHOR name="J. E. Powell" year="1987"/>
237 <REMAINS museum="MJG-R" id="1" content="7 anterior caudal vertebrae; partial forelimbs; right tibia, fibula, & astragalus; fragments" type="holo"/>
238 <REMAINS museum="MACN-RN" id="147" content="15 articulated caudal vertebrae" q="1"/>
242 <GENUS name="Aepisaurus" type="with">
243 <MISSPELLED name="Aepysaurus"/>
244 <MISSPELLED name="Aepyosaurus"/>
245 <MISSPELLED name="Aeposaurus"/>
246 <MISSPELLED name="Oepysaurus"/>
247 <MEANING>high lizard</MEANING>
249 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
250 <TIME value="Albian"/>
251 <PLACE name="France"/>
252 <REMAINS museum="MNHN" id="1868-242" content="humerus" type="holo"/>
253 <SPECIES name="elephantinus" status="dubium">
254 <AUTHOR name="Gervais" year="1853"/>
255 <MEANING>elephantine</MEANING>
259 <GENUS name="Aetonyx" type="with">
260 <SPECIES name="palustris">
261 <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1911"/>
262 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
266 <GENUS name="Afrovenator" type="with">
267 <MEANING>African hunter</MEANING>
271 <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
272 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
273 <PLACE name="Niger"/>
274 <REMAINS museum="UC OBA" id="1" content="skull lacking much of mandibles & parts of snout & roof; cervical vertebrae (some articulated); incomplete dorsal & caudal series; ribs; pelvis; nearly complete forelimbs; hindlimbs" type="holo"/>
275 <SPECIES name="abakensis">
276 <AUTHOR name="Sereno, J. A. Wilson, Larsson, Dutheil, Sues" year="1994"/>
280 <GENUS name="Agathaumas" type="with">
281 <MEANING>great wonder</MEANING>
283 <PLACE name="N. America"/>
284 <REMAINS nuseum="AMNH" id="4000" content="partial sacrum, pelvis" type="holo"/>
285 <SPECIES name="sylvestris" status="dubium">
286 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1872"/>
287 <MEANING>woodland</MEANING>
289 <SPECIES name="milo" status="dubium">
290 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1874"/>
291 <SYNONYM name="Thespesius occidentalis"/>
293 <SPECIES name="monoclonius">
294 <AUTHOR name="Breihaupt" year="1994"/>
295 <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus sphenocerus"/>
296 <MEANING>one-sticked</MEANING>
298 <SPECIES name="mortuarius">
299 <SYNONYM name="Polyonax mortuarius" status="objective"/>
301 <SPECIES name="prorsus">
302 <SYNONYM name="Triceratops prorsus" status="objective"/>
304 <SPECIES name="sphenocerus">
305 <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus sphenocerus" status="objective"/>
309 <GENUS name="Aggiosaurus" type="with">
310 <SPECIES name="nicaensis">
311 <AUTHOR name="Ambayrac" year="1913"/>
312 <PROPERTAXON name="Crocodylomorpha"/>
316 <GENUS name="Agilisaurus" type="with">
317 <MEANING>agile lizard</MEANING>
318 <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
319 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
320 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
321 <PLACE name="China"/>
322 <SPECIES name="louderbecki">
323 <AUTHOR name="Peng" year="1992"/>
324 <REMAINS museum="ZDM" id="6011" content="nearly complete skeleton" type="holo"/>
326 <SPECIES name="multidens">
327 <SYNONYM name="Yandusaurus multidens" status="objective"/>
330 <P> Either a primitive <LINK content="ornithopod"/> or possibly a
331 <LINK content="fabrosaurid"/>. </P>
335 <GENUS name="Agrosaurus" type="with">
336 <MEANING>wild/hunting lizard</MEANING>
337 <SPECIES name="macgillvrayi" status="dubiumQ">
338 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1891"/>
339 <SYNONYM name="Thecodontosaurus antiquus"/>
342 <P>Originally thought to be an early find from Australia, this has since
343 been re-identified as a mislabelled specimen of British dinosaur <NOMEN
344 name="Thecodontosaurus antiquus"/>.</P>
348 <GENUS name="Agustinia">
349 <MEANING>Agustin <LOW>Martinelli</LOW>'s <LOW>(discoverer) one</LOW></MEANING>
350 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1999"/>
351 <SPECIES name="ligabuei" original="Augustia">
352 <MEANING><LOW>Giancarlo</LOW> Ligabue's</MEANING>
353 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1998"/>
355 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
356 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
357 <REMAINS type="holo" content="fragmentary dorsal, sacral, & caudal vertebrae; hindlimb elements; osteoderms"/>
359 <P>Tall osteoderms lined the back of this unusual <LINK content="sauropod"/>.
360 They seem to have been mobile, a case of parallel evolution with
361 <LINK content="stegosaurs"/>. The samllest were leaf-shaped, while the
362 largest ones were split into halves, each half bearing an outward-pointing
364 <P><NOMEN name="Agustinia"/> may be related to <LINK content="titanosaurs"/>
365 or to <LINK content="rebbachisaurids"/>.</P>
369 <GENUS name="Alamosaurus" type="with">
370 <MEANING><LOW>Ojo</LOW> Alamo <LOW>Mountains</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
372 <MASS value="30000"/>
373 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
374 <PLACE name="New Mexico, Texas, Utah"/>
375 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
376 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="10,486" content="left scapula" type="holo"/>
377 <REMAINS museum="USNM" content="right ischium" type="para"/>
378 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="15658" content="caudal centrum"/>
379 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="15560" content="30 most anterior caudal vertebrae (articulated); 25 chevrons; ischia; left scapulocoracoid; right forelimb lacking phalanges, 2 sternal plates, 3 fragmentary ribs"/>
380 <SPECIES name="sanjuanensis">
381 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1922"/>
384 <P> The only North American <LINK content="sauropod"/> from the Late
385 <LINK content="Cretaceous"/>. </P>
389 <GENUS name="Albertosaurus" type="with">
390 <MEANING>Alberta lizard</MEANING>
392 <LENGTH value="8.5"/>
395 <TIME section="latest" value="Campanian"/>
396 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
397 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
398 <PLACE name="Alaska, Montana, Wyoming, Alabama, Georgia" q="1"/>
399 <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="028" content="tooth" q="1"/>
400 <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="033" content="teeth" q="1"/>
401 <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="034" content="premaxillary teeth" q="1"/>
402 <SPECIES name="sarcophagus">
403 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1905"/>
404 <MEANING>flesh-eating</MEANING>
405 <REMAINS museum="NMC" id="5600" content="incomplete skull" type="holo"/>
406 <REMAINS museum="NMC" id="5601" content="incomplete skull" type="para"/>
407 <REMAINS museum="ROM" id="807" synonym="arctunguis" content="sacrum with sacral vertebrae, left scapulocoracoid & forearm, left pelvis, associated limb elements"/>
409 <SPECIES name="arctunguis">
410 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1928"/>
411 <SYNONYM name="sarcophagus"/>
413 <SPECIES name="grandis" status="dubium" original="Ornithomimus">
414 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
415 <MEANING>grand</MEANING>
417 <SPECIES name="incrassatus">
418 <SYNONYM name="Deinodon incrassatus" status="objective"/>
420 <SPECIES name="lancensis">
421 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancensis" status="objective"/>
423 <SPECIES name="libratus">
424 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus libratus" status="objective"/>
426 <SPECIES name="megagracilis">
427 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus rex" status="q" comment="subadult"/>
428 <MEANING>big <LOW>&</LOW> gracile</MEANING>
429 <AUTHOR name="Paul" year="1988"/>
431 <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
432 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus novojilovi" status="objective"/>
434 <SPECIES name="olseni">
435 <SYNONYM name="Alectrosaurus olseni" status="objective"/>
437 <SPECIES name="periculosus" status="dubium">
438 <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1930"/>
439 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus bataar"/>
441 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
442 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus sternbergi" status="objective"/>
443 <MEANING><LOW>C. M.</LOW> Sternberg's</MEANING>
447 <GENUS name="Albisaurus" type="with">
448 <SPECIES name="scutifer">
449 <AUTHOR name="Fritsch" year="1905"/>
450 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
454 <GENUS name="Alectrosaurus" type="with">
455 <MEANING>Alectra's/unmarried lizard</MEANING>
458 <MASS value="500" q="1"/>
459 <MASS value="1500" q="1"/>
460 <TIME value="Turonian" q="1"/>
461 <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
462 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="6554" content="most of right hindlimb, pubic fragment" type="holo"/>
463 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="6368" content="right humerus, first phalanx of manual digit II, ungual of manual digit I, 4 fragmentary caudal vertebrae" comment="some of this material belongs to a therizinosaur"/>
464 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="21784" q="1" content="2 fragments"/>
465 <REMAINS museum="PST GIN AN MNR" id="100/50" content="partial skeleton including partial maxilla & nasal"/>
466 <REMAINS museum="PST GIN AN MNR" id="100/51" content="partial skeleton including hindlimbs"/>
467 <SPECIES name="olseni">
468 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1933"/>
470 <SPECIES name="periculosus">
471 <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus periculosus" status="objective"/>
475 <GENUS name="Alexornis" type="with">
476 <SPECIES name="antecedens">
477 <AUTHOR name="Brodkorb" year="1976"/>
479 <MEANING>Alex<LOW>ander Wetmore's</LOW> bird</MEANING>
481 <PLACE name="Mexico"/>
484 <GENUS name="Algoasaurus" type="with">
485 <MEANING>Algoa <LOW>Bay</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
488 <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
489 <REMAINS museum="Port Elizabeth Museum" content="fragmentary dorsal vertebra, femur, incomplete scapula, phalanx, ungual" type="holo"/>
490 <SPECIES name="bauri" status="dubium">
491 <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1904"/>
492 <MISSPELLED name="baini" author="du Toit" year="1926"/>
495 <P> Could be a <LINK content="titanosaur"/>. </P>
499 <GENUS name="Alioramus" type="with">
500 <MEANING>different branch</MEANING>
503 <MASS value="700" q="1"/>
504 <MASS value="1000" q="1"/>
506 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
507 <REMAINS museum="GI" id="3141/1" content="incompete skull, mandibles, distal part of metatrasus" type="holo"/>
508 <SPECIES name="remotus">
509 <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov" year="1976"/>
510 <MEANING>remote</MEANING>
513 <P> Had a long, bumpy ridge with bony knobs along the top of the snout. </P>
517 <GENUS name="Aliwalia" type="with">
518 <MEANING>Aliwal <LOW>North (in South Africa) one</LOW></MEANING>
519 <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
520 <MASS value="1500" q="1"/>
521 <TIME section="late" value="Carnian"/>
522 <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
523 <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
524 <REMAINS museum="NMW" id="1886-XV-39" content="proximal end of left femur" type="co"/>
525 <REMAINS museum="NMW" id="1876-VII-B124" content="distal end of left femur" type="co"/>
526 <REMAINS content="maxilla"/>
528 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1985"/>
529 <MEANING>king</MEANING>
532 <P> Although <NOMEN name="Aliwalia"/> remains are far from complete, they
533 seem to indicate that this creature was the first really large predatory
534 <LINK content="dinosaur"/>, possibly on the same scale as some
535 <LINK content="carnosaurs"/>. It was fairly primitive, but perhaps somewhat
536 more advanced than <NOMEN name="Herrerasaurus"/>. </P>
540 <GENUS name="Allosaurus" type="with">
541 <MEANING>different lizard</MEANING>
542 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
543 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
544 <PLACE name="Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, S. Dakota, Utah, Wyoming"/>
545 <SPECIES name="fragilis">
546 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
547 <PLACE name="U.S.A., Portugal"/>
552 <MEANING>fragile</MEANING>
553 <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="1930" content="2 dorsal centra, tooth, proximal phalanx of pedal digit III, portion of humerus" type="holo"/>
554 <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="1931" synonym="lucaris" content="a few cervical, 6 dorsal, & 2 sacral vertebrae; incomplete scapulocoracoid; radius; ulna; manual phalanx"/>
555 <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="1879" synonym="Camptonotus amplus" content="pes" q="1"/>
556 <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="693" content="skeleton" comment="pathologic"/>
557 <REMAINS museum="UUVP" id="6000" content="skull, first caudal vertebra, chevrons, ribs, forelimbs, pedal elements" type="neo"/>
558 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="4753" content="skeleton" q="1"/>
559 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5731" synonym="Hypsirophus discurus" content="neural spine" q="1"/>
560 <REMAINS museum="ROM" id="12868" content="skeleton"/>
561 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="4734" content="nearly complete skeleton" type="para"/>
562 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="8867" content="9 cervical, 10 dorsal, 2 sacral, & 7 caudal vertebrae; cervical & dorsal ribs; 6 chevrons; pubes; ischia; ilial fragments"/>
563 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="2323" content="8 cervical, 11 dorsal, & 2 sacral centra; many neural processes of dorsal vertebrae; right ilium, ischium, & femur; incomplete ribs"/>
564 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="8423" content="maxillae; 5 dorsal, 5 sacral (coossified), & 3 caudal centra; ilial fragments; broken ischia & pubes; femora; left pes; manual elements"/>
565 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="8335" content="right maxilla, teeth"/>
566 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="8405" content="5 coossified sacral centra, lateral metatarsal, manual & pedal phalanges"/>
567 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="7336" content="left astragalus"/>
568 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="8302" content="right manual digit III"/>
569 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="8257" content="right manual digit II"/>
571 <SPECIES name="amplexus" status="dubiumQ" original="Epanterias">
572 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
575 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5767" content="anterior dorsal centrum, anterior dorsal neural arch, axis, vertebra, coracoid, fragmentary limb bone" type="holo"/>
577 <SPECIES name="atrox" original="Creosaurus">
578 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
583 <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="1890" content="jugal, premaxilla, 2 vertebrae, ilium, astragalus, 2 unguals, 2 phalanges" type="holo"/>
585 <SPECIES name="ferox">
586 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1896"/>
591 <MEANING>fierce</MEANING>
592 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="2315" content="left dentary with 12 teeth" comment="pathologic" type="holo"/>
594 <SPECIES name="lucaris">
595 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
596 <SYNONYM name="fragilis"/>
598 <SPECIES name="maximus">
599 <SYNONYM name="Saurophagus maximus" status="objective"/>
601 <SPECIES name="medius">
602 <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus medius" status="objective"/>
604 <SPECIES name="meriani" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
605 <AUTHOR name="Greppin" year="1870"/>
606 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
608 <SPECIES name="sibiricus">
609 <SYNONYM name="Chilantaisaurus sibiricus" status="objective"/>
612 <PROPERTAXON name="Tetanurae" incertae="1"/>
615 <TIME value="Albian"/>
616 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
617 <REMAINS museum="NMV" id="P150070" content="left astragalus"/>
619 <SPECIES name="sp2.">
620 <REMAINS museum="SAM" id="1475" content="pedal ungual"/>
622 <SPECIES name="tendagurensis" status="dubium" q="1">
623 <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1925"/>
624 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
625 <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Tendaguru <LOW>Formation</LOW></MEANING>
626 <MISSPELLED name="tandurensis" author="D. A. Russell" year="1994"/>
628 <SPECIES name="trihedrodon" status="dubium" original="Laelaps">
629 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
630 <MEANING><LOW>of the</LOW> three-sided tooth</MEANING>
632 <SPECIES name="valens">
633 <SYNONYM name="Antrodemus valens" status="objective"/>
635 <SPECIES name="whitei" status="nudum">
636 <AUTHOR name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
639 <P> One of the most famous and popular <LINK content="dinosaurs"/>,
640 <NOMEN name="Allosaurus"/> is known primarily from the Morrison Formation.
641 It probably hunted <LINK content="stegosaurs"/>,
642 <LINK content="iguanodonts"/>, and perhaps gigantic
643 <LINK content="neosauropods"/> like <NOMEN name="Diplodocus"/> and
644 <NOMEN name="Camarasaurus"/>. Its main rival was
645 the slightly smaller <NOMEN name="Ceratosaurus"/>. </P>
647 <P> There is debate over the taxonomy of these species. Some feel they
648 should all be lumped into <NOMEN name="A. fragilis"/> while others would
649 split them into several genera (<NOMEN name="Creosaurus"/>,
650 <NOMEN name="Epanterias"/>, etc.) </P>
654 <GENUS name="Alocodon" type="with">
655 <MEANING>wing tooth</MEANING>
656 <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
657 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian" q="1"/>
658 <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
659 <REMAINS museum="LPFU" id="P X 2" content="left maxillary tooth crown" type="holo"/>
660 <REMAINS museum="LPFU" id="P X 1" content="premaxillary tooth crown" type="para"/>
661 <SPECIES name="kuehni" status="dubium">
662 <AUTHOR name="Thulborn" year="1973"/>
665 <P> Possibly a basal <LINK content="ornithischian"/>. </P>
669 <GENUS name="Altirhinus" type="with">
670 <MEANING>high snout</MEANING>
672 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
673 <SPECIES name="kurzanovi">
674 <AUTHOR name="Norman" year="1998"/>
675 <MEANING>Kurzanov's</MEANING>
677 <SPECIES name="orientalis">
678 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon orientalis" status="objective"/>
682 <P> This bulbous-snouted <LINK content="iguanodont"/> was previously
683 referred to <NOMEN name="Iguanodon orientalis"/>. It shows some
684 <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>-like features. </P>
688 <GENUS name="Altispinax" status="dubium">
689 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1923"/>
690 <MEANING>high spined <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
691 <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
692 <PLACE name="England"/>
693 <PLACE name="Belgium, Germany" q="1"/>
694 <REMAINS museum="University of Marburg" id="N 84" content="tooth" type="holo"/>
695 <REMAINS content="teeth" q="1"/>
696 <SPECIES name="dunkleri" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
697 <AUTHOR name="Dames" year="1884"/>
698 <MEANING>Dunkler's</MEANING>
700 <SPECIES name="lydekkerhueneorum" status="nudum">
701 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
702 <AUTHOR name="Pickering" year="1994"/>
703 <MISSPELLED name="lydekkeri-huenensis" author="Pickering" year="1984"/>
704 <MEANING>Lydekker's <LOW>and von</LOW> Huene's</MEANING>
705 <SYNONYM name="Becklespinax altispinax"/>
707 <SPECIES name="oweni">
708 <SYNONYM name="Valdoraptor oweni" status="objective"/>
709 <MEANING><LOW>Sir Richard</LOW> Owen's</MEANING>
711 <SPECIES name="parkeri">
712 <SYNONYM name="Metriacanthosaurus parkeri" status="objective"/>
715 <P> The name <NOMEN name="Altispinax dunkleri"/> was once used to indicate
716 remains of a theropod with high vertebral spines, similar to those of
717 <NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/>. In fact, the type material for this species
718 is merely teeth, teeth which can not confidently be assigned to the same
719 animal as the skeletal remains. The bones were reassigned to a new
720 species of <NOMEN name="Acrocanthosaurus"/>, another high-spined theropod.
721 This species was called <NOMEN name="A. altispinax"/>. But further study
722 indicated that it could not confidently be said to belong to the genus
723 <NOMEN name="Acrocanthosaurus"/>. Hence, it was placed in a new genus and
724 is now known as <NOMEN name="Becklespinax altispinax"/>.
725 <NOMEN name="Altispinax dunkleri"/> is now a dubious species. </P>
729 <GENUS name="Alvarezsaurus" type="with">
730 <MEANING><LOW>Don Gregorio</LOW> Alvarez's lizard</MEANING>
732 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
733 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
734 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
735 <REMAINS museum="MUCPv" id="54" content="partial spine, girdles, hindlimbs" type="holo"/>
736 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, scapula, partial pelvis, partial hindlimbs"/>
737 <SPECIES name="calvoi">
738 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1991"/>
741 <P> The most primitive <LINK content="alvarezsaur"/> known. </P>
745 <GENUS name="Alwalkeria">
746 <AUTHOR name="Chatterjee, Creisler" year="1994"/>
747 <MEANING>Al<LOW>ick</LOW> Walker's <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
748 <MASS value="3" q="1"/>
749 <TIME section="late" value="Carnian"/>
750 <PLACE name="India"/>
751 <REMAINS museum="ISI" id="R 306" age="juvenileQ" type="holo" content="end of snout, vertebrae, femur, astragalus"/>
752 <SPECIES name="maleriensis" original="Walkeria">
753 <AUTHOR name="Chatterjee" year="1987"/>
757 <GENUS name="Alxasaurus" type="with">
758 <MEANING>Alxa <LOW>Desert</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
759 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
763 <TIME value="Albian"/>
764 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
765 <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="88402" content="right dentary, 5 crushed cervical vertebrae, 2 cervical ribs, 7 crushed ?posterior dorsal vertebrae, 6 dorsal ribs, rib fragments, sacrum with anterior sacral ribs, 20 caudal vertebrae" type="holo"/>
766 <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="88301" content="verebral & appendicular remains, ribs"/>
767 <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="88510" content="appendicular remains"/>
768 <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="88501" content="5 crushed & disarticulated dorsal vertebrae, first & incomplete second sacral vertebrae, right metcarpal I, left metacarpal III, 4 manual phalanges, ungual phalanges, posterior tip of left ilium, both ends of right & proximal end of left femora, noth ends of left and proximal end of right tibiae, proximal ends of fibulae, pedal phalanges, 3 pedal unguals"/>
769 <SPECIES name="elesitaiensis">
770 <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell, Dong" year="1995"/>
773 <P> <NOMEN name="Alxasaurus"/> was the most primitive
774 <LINK content="therizinosauroid"/>. Many claim that it is more similar to
775 "normal" <LINK content="theropods"/> than other therizinosauroids are. </P>
779 <GENUS name="Amargasaurus" type="with">
780 <MEANING><LOW>La</LOW> Amarga <LOW>Canyon</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
782 <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
783 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
784 <SPECIES name="cazaui">
785 <AUTHOR name="Salgado, Bonaparte" year="1991"/>
786 <REMAINS museum="MACN-N" id="15" content="partial skull, vertebrae, scapulocoracoid, forelimb, hindlimb, ilia, astragalus" type="holo"/>
788 <SPECIES name="groeben" status="nudum">
789 <AUTHOR name="Salgado, Bonaparte" year="1991"/>
792 <P> <NOMEN name="Amargasaurus"/> had two rows of long spines along the back
793 of its neck, possibly forming a double sail. </P>
797 <GENUS name="Ambiortus" type="with">
798 <MEANING>uncertain origin</MEANING>
800 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
801 <REMAINS content="pectoral girdle, forelimb, partial sternum & furcula, back vertebrae"/>
802 <SPECIES name="dementjevi">
803 <AUTHOR name="Kurochkin" year="1982"/>
807 <GENUS name="Amblydectes">
808 <AUTHOR name="Hooley" year="1914"/>
809 <SYNONYM name="Criorhynchus"/>
810 <MEANING>blunt biter</MEANING>
813 <GENUS name="Ammosaurus">
814 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1891"/>
815 <MEANING>sand lizard</MEANING>
816 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
818 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
819 <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
820 <PLACE name="Connecticut, Arizona"/>
821 <PLACE name="Nova Scotia" q="1"/>
822 <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="208" content="3 presacral vertebrae, sacrum, pelvis, hindlimbs" type="holo"/>
823 <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="209" synonym="Ammosaurus solus" content="pelvis, podes"/>
824 <REMAINS museum="MNA" id="G2 7233" content="lower parts of skeleton" q="1"/>
825 <SPECIES name="major" original="Anchisaurus">
826 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
827 <MEANING>greater</MEANING>
829 <SPECIES name="solus">
830 <SYNONYM name="Anchisaurus solus" status="objective"/>
834 <GENUS name="Ampelosaurus" type="with">
835 <MEANING>vineyard lizard</MEANING>
837 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
838 <PLACE name="France"/>
839 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-247" content="3 articulated dorsal vertebrae" type="holo"/>
840 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-38" content="dorsal vertebra"/>
841 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-59" content="dorsal vertebra"/>
842 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-92" content="dorsal vertebra"/>
843 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-93" content="dorsal vertebra"/>
844 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-94" content="dorsal vertebra"/>
845 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-148" content="dorsal vertebra"/>
846 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-24" content="caudal vertebra"/>
847 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-25" content="caudal vertebra"/>
848 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-26" content="caudal vertebra"/>
849 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-27" content="caudal vertebra"/>
850 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-46" content="caudal vertebra"/>
851 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-55" content="caudal vertebra"/>
852 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-58" content="caudal vertebra"/>
853 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-63" content="caudal vertebra"/>
854 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-64" content="caudal vertebra"/>
855 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-65" content="caudal vertebra"/>
856 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-95" content="caudal vertebra"/>
857 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-96" content="caudal vertebra"/>
858 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-97" content="caudal vertebra"/>
859 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-98" content="caudal vertebra"/>
860 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-99" content="caudal vertebra"/>
861 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-100" content="caudal vertebra"/>
862 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-101" content="caudal vertebra"/>
863 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-124" content="caudal vertebra"/>
864 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-127" content="caudal vertebra"/>
865 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-147" content="caudal vertebra"/>
866 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-60" content="ribs"/>
867 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-72" content="chevrons"/>
868 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-139" content="chevrons"/>
869 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-23" content="sternal plates"/>
870 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-80" content="sternal plates"/>
871 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-22" content="coracoid"/>
872 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-161" content="coracoid"/>
873 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-351" content="coracoid"/>
874 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-21" content="scapula"/>
875 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-145" content="scapula"/>
876 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-1" content="humerus"/>
877 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-79" content="humerus"/>
878 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-81" content="humerus"/>
879 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-86" content="humerus"/>
880 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-175" content="humerus"/>
881 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-372" content="humerus"/>
882 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-56" content="ulna"/>
883 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-83" content="ulna"/>
884 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-300" content="ulna"/>
885 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-85" content="radius"/>
886 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-57" content="pubis"/>
887 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-123" content="ilium"/>
888 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-84" content="ischium"/>
889 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-20" content="femur"/>
890 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-40" content="femur"/>
891 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-44" content="femur"/>
892 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-61" content="femur"/>
893 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-78" content="femur"/>
894 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-210" content="femur"/>
895 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-201" content="femur"/>
896 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-261" content="femur"/>
897 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-137" content="tibia & fibula"/>
898 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-138" content="tibia"/>
899 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-144" content="tibia"/>
900 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-173" content="tibia"/>
901 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-48" content="fibula"/>
902 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-88" content="phalanges"/>
903 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-136" content="osteoderm"/>
904 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-192" content="osteoderm"/>
905 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-204" content="osteoderm"/>
906 <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-325" content="osteoderm"/>
907 <SPECIES name="atacis">
908 <AUTHOR name="Le Loeuff" year="1995"/>
912 <GENUS name="Amphicoelias" type="with">
913 <MEANING>double cavities</MEANING>
914 <LENGTH value="20" q="1"/>
915 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
916 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
917 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
918 <REMAINS type="holo" museum="AMNH" id="5764" content="2 dorsal vertebrae, femur, pubis, tooth, scapula, coracoid, ulna"/>
919 <SPECIES name="altus" status="dubiumQ">
920 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
921 <MEANING>tall</MEANING>
923 <SPECIES name="fragillimus" status="dubium">
924 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
925 <LENGTH value="45" q="1"/>
926 <MASS value="100000" q="1"/>
927 <MASS value="150000" q="1"/>
928 <MEANING>very fragile</MEANING>
930 <SPECIES name="latus">
931 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
932 <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus supremus"/>
933 <MEANING>broad</MEANING>
936 <P> <NOMEN name="Amphicoelias fragillimus"/> was named for an enormous,
937 crumbling vertebra which has since been lost (if it ever existed). Only a
938 drawing remains, which claims that the vertebra was 2.4 m tall.
939 It may have represented an enormous individual of
940 <NOMEN name="A. altus"/> </P>
944 <GENUS name="Amphisaurus" type="with">
945 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Barkas" year="1870"/>
946 <MEANING>double lizard</MEANING>
947 <SPECIES name="polyzelus">
948 <SYNONYM name="Anchisaurus polyzelus" status="objective"/>
952 <GENUS name="Amtosaurus" type="with">
953 <MEANING>Amt<LOW>gay</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
955 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
956 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
957 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
958 <REMAINS content="partial braincase" type="holo" museum="N°" id="3780/2"/>
959 <SPECIES name="magnus" status="dubium">
960 <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov, Tumanova" year="1978"/>
961 <MEANING>great</MEANING>
964 <P> Classified as an <LINK content="ankylosaur"/>, but may be an early
965 <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>. </P>
969 <GENUS name="Amurosaurus" type="with">
970 <MEANING>Amur <LOW>Province</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
971 <TIME value="Maastrichtian" section="late"/>
972 <PLACE name="Russia"/>
973 <SPECIES name="riabinini">
974 <AUTHOR name="Bolotsky, Kurzanov" year="1991"/>
975 <MEANING>Riabinin's</MEANING>
979 <GENUS name="Amygdalodon" type="with">
980 <MEANING>almond tooth</MEANING>
981 <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
982 <LENGTH value="15" q="1"/>
983 <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
984 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
985 <REMAINS museum="MLP" id="46-VIII-21-1" content="7 teeth (4 complete), fragmentary presacral & caudal vertebrae, incomplete scapula, partial pubis, rib fragments"/>
986 <SPECIES name="patagonicus">
987 <AUTHOR name="Cabrera" year="1947"/>
988 <MEANING>Patagonian</MEANING>
992 <GENUS name="Anabisetia" type="with">
993 <SPECIES name="saldiviai" status="nudum">
994 <AUTHOR name="Coria, Calvo"/>
995 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Coria" year="1999"/>
997 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
998 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
1001 <GENUS name="Anamantarx" status="nudum">
1002 <AUTHOR name="Kirkland, Lucas, Estep" year="1998"/>
1003 <SYNONYM name="Animantarx"/>
1006 <GENUS name="Anasazisaurus" type="with">
1007 <MEANING>Anasazi <LOW>(North American tribe)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
1008 <LENGTH value="10"/>
1009 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
1010 <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
1011 <REMAINS content="partial skull" type="holo" museum="BYU" id="12950"/>
1012 <SPECIES name="horneri">
1013 <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1993"/>
1014 <MEANING><LOW>John</LOW> Horner's</MEANING>
1017 <P> May be a variant of <NOMEN name="Kritosaurus navajovius"/>. </P>
1021 <GENUS name="Anatosaurus">
1022 <AUTHOR name="Lull, Wright" year="1942"/>
1023 <MEANING>duck lizard</MEANING>
1024 <SPECIES name="annectens">
1025 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens" status="objective"/>
1027 <SPECIES name="copei">
1028 <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan copei" status="objective"/>
1029 <MEANING><LOW>Edward Drinker</LOW> Cope's</MEANING>
1031 <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
1032 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus edmontonensis" status="objective"/>
1034 from <LOW>the</LOW> Edmonton Formation
1037 <SPECIES name="longiceps">
1038 <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan longiceps" status="objective"/>
1040 <SPECIES name="saskatchewanensis">
1041 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis" status="objective"/>
1048 <GENUS name="Anatotitan">
1049 <AUTHOR name="Brett-Surman"/>
1050 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Chapman, Brett-Surman" year="1990"/>
1052 duck titan <LOW>(giant of Greek mythology)</LOW>
1054 <LENGTH value="10"/>
1055 <LENGTH value="13"/>
1056 <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian"/>
1057 <PLACE name="Montana, S. Dakota"/>
1058 <SPECIES name="copei" original="Anatosaurus">
1059 <AUTHOR name="Lull, Wright" year="1942"/>
1061 <LOW>Edward Drinker</LOW> Cope's
1063 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5730" content="complete skeleton" type="holo"/>
1064 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5886" content="complete skeleton" type="para"/>
1066 <SPECIES name="longiceps" status="dubium" original="Anatosaurus">
1067 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
1068 <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="616" content="right dentary with teeth" type="holo"/>
1071 <P> Had a very long, low, flat skull. </P>
1075 <GENUS name="Anchiceratops" type="with">
1080 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
1081 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
1082 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
1083 <SPECIES name="ornatus">
1084 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1914"/>
1085 <MEANING>ornate</MEANING>
1086 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5251" content="incomplete skull" type="holo"/>
1087 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5259" content="braincase, brow horns" type="para"/>
1088 <REMAINS museum="UW" id="5419" content="skull"/>
1089 <REMAINS museum="ROM" id="802" content="skull"/>
1090 <REMAINS museum="NMC" id="8538" content="complete postcranium" q="1"/>
1091 <REMAINS museum="MNC" id="8535" content="skull" synonym="longirostris"/>
1093 <SPECIES name="longirostris">
1094 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1929"/>
1095 <SYNONYM name="ornatus"/>
1096 <MEANING>long-snouted</MEANING>
1100 <GENUS name="Anchisaurus">
1101 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1885"/>
1106 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
1107 <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
1108 <PLACE name="Connecticut, Massachusetts"/>
1109 <SPECIES name="polyzelus" original="Megadactylus">
1110 <AUTHOR name="Hitchcock" year="1865"/>
1111 <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="201" content="fragmentary skeleton" type="holo"/>
1112 <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="1883" content="skull, 18 presacral vertebrae, scapulocoracoid, left forelimb, ilium, pubes, right hindlimb" synonym="colurus"/>
1113 <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="2125" content="partial appendicular & axial remains"/>
1115 <SPECIES name="capensis">
1116 <SYNONYM name="Gyposaurus capensis" status="objective"/>
1118 <SPECIES name="colurus">
1119 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1891"/>
1120 <SYNONYM name="polyzelus" status="q"/>
1122 <SPECIES name="major">
1123 <SYNONYM name="Ammosaurus major" status="objective"/>
1128 <SPECIES name="sinensis">
1129 <SYNONYM name="Gyposaurus sinensis" status="objective"/>
1131 <SPECIES name="solus">
1132 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
1133 <SYNONYM name="Ammosaurus major"/>
1136 <P><NOMEN name="Anchisaurus colurus"/> may represent another gender (female?)
1137 of <NOMEN name="A. polyzelus"/>. </P>
1141 <GENUS name="Andesaurus" type="with">
1142 <MEANING>Andes <LOW>Mountains</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
1143 <LENGTH value="40" q="1"/>
1144 <MASS value="80000" q="1"/>
1145 <TIME value="Albian"/>
1146 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
1147 <REMAINS museum="MUCPv" id="132" type="holo" content="articulated vertebrae (4 posterior dorsal, 21 caudal), nearly complete left ischium, incomplete right humerus & femur, incomplete elements"/>
1148 <SPECIES name="delgadoi">
1149 <AUTHOR name="Calvo, Bonaparte" year="1991"/>
1153 <GENUS name="Angaturama" type="with">
1154 <MEANING>noble one</MEANING>
1155 <TIME value="Albian"/>
1156 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
1157 <REMAINS content="front part of jaws" type="holo"/>
1158 <SPECIES name="limai">
1159 <AUTHOR name="Kellner, Campos" year="1996"/>
1162 <P> May be the same as <NOMEN name="Irritator"/>. </P>
1166 <GENUS name="Angelinornis">
1167 <AUTHOR name="Kashin" year="1972"/>
1168 <SYNONYM name="Ichthyornis"/>
1170 Angelina <LOW>Mikhaylovna Sudilovskaya's</LOW> bird
1174 <GENUS name="Angustinaripterus" type="with">
1179 <PLACE name="China"/>
1180 <SPECIES name="longicephalus">
1181 <AUTHOR name="He, Yan, Su" year="1983"/>
1188 <GENUS name="Anhanguera" type="with">
1193 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
1194 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
1195 <SPECIES name="santanae">
1196 <AUTHOR name="Campos, Kellner" year="1985"/>
1198 from <LOW>the</LOW> Santana <LOW>Formation</LOW>
1201 <SPECIES name="blittersdorffi">
1202 <AUTHOR name="Campos, Kellner" year="1985"/>
1206 <GENUS name="Aniksosaurus" status="unpublished">
1208 <P> A small <LINK content="theropod"/> of some kind. </P>
1212 <GENUS name="Animantarx" type="with">
1213 <MEANING>animate <LOW>(living)</LOW> fortress</MEANING>
1214 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
1215 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
1216 <PLACE name="Utah"/>
1217 <SPECIES name="ramaljonesi">
1218 <AUTHOR name="Carpenter, Kirkland, Burge, Bird" year="1999"/>
1219 <MEANING>Ramal Jones'</MEANING>
1222 <P>Originally published (as a <I>nomen nudum</I>) as
1223 <NOMEN name="Anamantarx"/>.</P>
1227 <GENUS name="Ankistrodon">
1228 <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1865"/>
1229 <SYNONYM name="Epicampodon"/>
1232 <GENUS name="Ankylosaurus" type="with">
1233 <MISSPELLED name="Anchylosaurus"/>
1234 <MISSPELLED name="Ancylosaurus"/>
1235 <MEANING>fused lizard</MEANING>
1236 <LENGTH value="10"/>
1237 <LENGTH value="11"/>
1238 <MASS value="4000"/>
1239 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
1240 <PLACE name="Montana, Wyoming, Alberta"/>
1241 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5895" content="skull, scapulocoracoid, vertebrae (7 cervical, 10 dorsal, 4 caudal), ribs, osteoderms" type="holo"/>
1242 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5214" content="tail club"/>
1243 <REMAINS museum="UCMP" id="1243999" age="juvenile" content="tooth"/>
1244 <REMAINS museum="UCMP" id="120195" age="juvenile" content="worn tooth"/>
1245 <SPECIES name="magniventris">
1246 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1908"/>
1247 <MEANING>large-sided</MEANING>
1249 <SPECIES name="acinacodens" status="nudum">
1250 <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
1251 <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus tutus"/>
1253 <SPECIES name="tutus">
1254 <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus tutus" status="objective"/>
1258 <GENUS name="Anodontosaurus" type="with">
1259 <MEANING>toothless lizard</MEANING>
1260 <SPECIES name="lambei">
1261 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1929"/>
1262 <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus acutosquameus"/>
1263 <MEANING><LOW>Lawrence M.</LOW> Lambe's</MEANING>
1267 <GENUS name="Anoplosaurus" type="with">
1268 <MEANING>weaponless lizard</MEANING>
1269 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
1270 <PLACE name="England"/>
1271 <SPECIES name="curtonotus">
1272 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1878"/>
1273 <REMAINS content="skeletal fragments"/>
1275 <SPECIES name="macrocercus">
1276 <SYNONYM name="Acanthopholis macrocercus" status="objective"/>
1278 <SPECIES name="major" status="dubium">
1279 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1878"/>
1280 <MEANING>greater</MEANING>
1281 <REMAINS museum="SMC" type="holo" content="anterior end of left ramus of mandible, 5 or 6 cervical centra, 12 dorsal vertebrae, 6 sacral centra, neural arches (mostly dorsal), incomplete coracoids, proximal end of scapula, pieces of ribs, ends of right humerus & left femur, partial metatarsals, phalanges, left tibia, fragments"/>
1283 <SPECIES name="tanyspondylus" status="dubium">
1284 <PROPERTAXON name="Ornithopoda" incertae="1"/>
1285 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1879"/>
1286 <REMAINS museum="SMC" content="19 dorsal, sacral, & caudal vertebrae; neural arch"/>
1289 <P> Once thought to be an <LINK content="iguanodont"/>, but is probably a
1290 primitive <LINK content="nodosaurid"/> (or a combination of fossils from
1295 <GENUS name="Anserimimus" type="with">
1296 <MEANING><NOMEN name="Anser" nolink="1"/> <LOW>(goose)</LOW> mimic</MEANING>
1298 <TIME section="early" value="Campanian" q="1"/>
1299 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
1300 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
1301 <REMAINS museum="SPS GIN AN MPR" id="100/300" content="partial appendicular skeleton including incomplete forelimb, pectoral girdle, & incomplete pes" type="holo"/>
1302 <SPECIES name="planinychus">
1303 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1988"/>
1304 <MEANING>flat-clawed</MEANING>
1308 <GENUS name="Antarctosaurus" type="with">
1309 <MEANING>non-northern lizard</MEANING>
1310 <LENGTH value="40" q="1"/>
1312 <SPECIES name="wichmannianus">
1313 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
1314 <PLACE name="Argentina, Chile, Uruguay"/>
1315 <REMAINS museum="Nat'l Museum (Buenos Aires)" id="6804" type="holo" content="incomplete cranium including braincase, mandible?, cervical vertebra, scapula, radius, ulna, pelvis, partial hindlimbs"/>
1316 <REMAINS museum="FMNH" id="P13019" content="right femur"/>
1317 <REMAINS museum="AC" id="2300" content="partial left pubis" synonym="giganteus"/>
1319 <SPECIES name="brasiliensis">
1320 <AUTHOR name="Arid, Vizotto" year="1971"/>
1321 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
1322 <REMAINS content="postcranial fragments"/>
1323 <MEANING>Brazilian</MEANING>
1325 <SPECIES name="giganteus">
1326 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
1327 <SYNONYM name="wichmannianus"/>
1328 <MEANING>gigantic</MEANING>
1330 <SPECIES name="jaxarticus" status="dubium" q="1">
1331 <MISSPELLED name="jaxartensis"/>
1332 <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1938"/>
1333 <MEANING>Jaxartes <LOW>River</LOW>'s</MEANING>
1335 <SPECIES name="septentrionalis">
1336 <SYNONYM name="Jainosaurus septentrionalis" status="objective"/>
1340 <GENUS name="Anthodon" type="with">
1341 <SPECIES name="serrarius">
1342 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1876"/>
1343 <PROPERTAXON name="Pareiasauridae"/>
1344 <SYNONYM name="Paranthodon africanus"/>
1348 <GENUS name="Antrodemus" status="dubium">
1349 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1870"/>
1350 <LENGTH value="10" q="1"/>
1351 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
1352 <PLACE name="N. America"/>
1353 <REMAINS content="partial tail vertebra" type="holo"/>
1354 <SPECIES name="valens" status="dubium" original="Poekilopleuron">
1355 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1870"/>
1357 <SPECIES name="atrox">
1358 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus atrox" status="objective"/>
1360 <SPECIES name="ferox">
1361 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus ferox" status="objective"/>
1363 <SPECIES name="fragilis">
1364 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus fragilis" status="objective"/>
1366 <SPECIES name="lucaris">
1367 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus lucaris" status="objective"/>
1369 <SPECIES name="meriani">
1370 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus meriani" status="objective"/>
1372 <SPECIES name="sibiricus">
1373 <SYNONYM name="Chilantaisaurus sibiricus" status="objective"/>
1375 <SPECIES name="stechowi">
1376 <SYNONYM name="Labrosaurus stechowi" status="objective"/>
1377 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Steel" year="1970"/>
1378 <MISSPELLED name="steschowi" author="Chabli" year="1986"/>
1380 <SPECIES name="sulcatus">
1381 <SYNONYM name="Labrosaurus sulcatus" status="objective"/>
1383 <SPECIES name="tendagurensis">
1384 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus tendagurensis" status="objective"/>
1385 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
1387 <SPECIES name="trihedrodon">
1388 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus trihedrodon" status="objective"/>
1391 <P> This may be the same thing as <NOMEN name="Allosaurus"/>, but remains
1392 are too incomplete to be sure. </P>
1396 <GENUS name="Anurognathus" type="with">
1397 <SPECIES name="ammoni">
1398 <AUTHOR name="Doederline" year="1923"/>
1401 tailless <I>or</I> anuran <LOW>(frog)</LOW> jaw
1403 <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
1404 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
1405 <LENGTH wingspan="1" value=".5"/>
1408 <GENUS name="Apatodon" type="with">
1409 <MEANING>deceptive tooth</MEANING>
1410 <SPECIES name="mirus" status="dubium">
1411 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
1412 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus fragilis"/>
1416 <GENUS name="Apatornis">
1417 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1873"/>
1418 <MEANING>deceptive <LOW>vertebrae</LOW> bird</MEANING>
1420 <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
1421 <SPECIES name="celer" original="Ichthyornis">
1422 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
1426 <GENUS name="Apatosaurus" type="with">
1430 <LENGTH value="21"/>
1431 <LENGTH value="26"/>
1432 <MASS value="30000"/>
1433 <MASS value="35000"/>
1434 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
1435 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
1436 <SPECIES name="ajax">
1437 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
1438 <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons, braincase"/>
1439 <MEANING>Ajax <LOW>(hero of the Trojan War)</LOW></MEANING>
1441 <SPECIES name="alenquerensis">
1442 <SYNONYM name="Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis" status="objective"/>
1444 <SPECIES name="amplus">
1445 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
1446 <SYNONYM name="excelsus"/>
1448 <SPECIES name="excelsus" original="Brontosaurus">
1449 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
1450 <PLACE name="Oklahoma, Utah, Wyoming"/>
1451 <REMAINS content="6 partial postcrania, skull, jaw, postcranial elements"/>
1453 <SPECIES name="grandis">
1454 <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus grandis" status="objective"/>
1459 <SPECIES name="laticollis">
1460 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
1461 <SYNONYM name="ajax"/>
1462 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
1464 <SPECIES name="louisae">
1465 <AUTHOR name="Holland" year="1915"/>
1466 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
1467 <REMAINS content="skeleton, postcranium"/>
1469 <SPECIES name="minimus">
1470 <SYNONYM name="Haplocanthosaurus minimus" status="objective"/>
1475 <SPECIES name="montanus" status="dubium" original="Titanosaurus2">
1476 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
1477 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
1478 <REMAINS content="incomplete pelvic section"/>
1483 <SPECIES name="yahnahpin">
1484 <SYNONYM name="Eobrontosaurus yahnahpin" status="objective"/>
1487 <P> This genus is more popularly known as <NOMEN name="Brontosaurus"/>,
1488 but <NOMEN name="Brontosaurus"/> has long been considered a junior synonym of
1489 <NOMEN name="Apatosaurus"/>. There is a minority opinion that
1490 <NOMEN name="A. excelsus"/> does represent a valid genus (named
1491 <NOMEN name="Brontosaurus"/>) separate from <NOMEN name="A. ajax"/>. </P>
1493 <P> <NOMEN name="Apatosaurus"/> was shorter but bulkier than its relatives
1494 <NOMEN name="Barosaurus"/> and <NOMEN name="Diplodocus"/>. </P>
1498 <GENUS name="Aragosaurus" type="with">
1500 Aragón<LOW>, Spain</LOW>lizard
1502 <LENGTH value="18"/>
1503 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
1504 <PLACE name="Spain"/>
1505 <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae, forelimb, ischium, pubis, scapula"/>
1506 <SPECIES name="ischiatus">
1507 <AUTHOR name="Sanz, Buscialoni, Casanovas, Santafe" year="1987"/>
1511 <GENUS name="Aralosaurus" type="with">
1513 Aral <LOW>Sea</LOW> lizard
1517 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
1518 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
1519 <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
1520 <REMAINS content="skull, limb bones, vertebrae"/>
1521 <SPECIES name="tuberiferus">
1522 <AUTHOR name="Rozhdestvensky" year="1968"/>
1525 <P> Classified as a <LINK content="gryposaurin hadrosaurine"/>, but
1526 may be a <LINK content="lambeosaurine"/>. </P>
1530 <GENUS name="Arambourgiania">
1531 <MISSPELLED name="Arambourgiana"/>
1532 <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Borkin" year="1989"/>
1534 <LOW>Camille</LOW> Arambourg's <LOW>one</LOW>
1536 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
1537 <PLACE name="Jordan"/>
1538 <SPECIES name="philadelphiae" original="Titanopteryx">
1539 <AUTHOR name="Arambourg" year="1959"/>
1542 <P> This genus was originally called
1543 <NOMEN name="Titanopteryx"/> ("titanic wing"), but that name was already
1544 given to an insect(!) </P>
1548 <GENUS name="Araripedactylus" type="with">
1550 Araripe <LOW>Plateau</LOW> finger
1553 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
1554 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
1555 <REMAINS content="phalanx from 5th digit"/>
1556 <SPECIES name="dehmi">
1557 <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1977"/>
1561 <GENUS name="Araripesaurus" type="with">
1563 Araripe <LOW>Plateau</LOW> lizard
1566 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
1567 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
1568 <REMAINS content="partial forelimb"/>
1569 <SPECIES name="castilhoi">
1570 <AUTHOR name="Price" year="1971"/>
1574 <GENUS name="Araucanoraptor" type="with">
1576 Araucan <LOW>chicken</LOW> raider
1578 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
1580 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
1581 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
1582 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
1583 <SPECIES name="argentinus" status="nudum">
1584 <AUTHOR name="Novas" year="1997"/>
1590 <P> A sickle-clawed predator, probably a <LINK content="paravian"/> or a
1591 <LINK content="troodontid"/>. </P>
1595 <GENUS name="Archaeoceratops" type="with">
1600 <PLACE name="China"/>
1601 <REMAINS content="skeleton without forelimbs"/>
1602 <SPECIES name="oshimai">
1603 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Azuma" year="1997"/>
1607 <GENUS name="Archaeopteryx" type="with">
1608 <MEANING>ancient wing/feather</MEANING>
1609 <MISSPELLED name="Archäopteryx"/>
1610 <MISSPELLED name="Archaeopterix"/>
1611 <MISSPELLED name="Archeopteryx"/>
1612 <MISSPELLED name="Archopteryx"/>
1613 <LENGTH value="0.45"/>
1615 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
1616 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
1617 <REMAINS content="isolated feather impression" q="1"/>
1618 <SPECIES name="lithographica" status="conservandum">
1619 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1861"/>
1620 <AUTHOR type="sensu" name="Nopcsa" year="1927"/>
1621 <REMAINS content="6 skeletons (some complete, all with feather impressions)"/>
1622 <MEANING>stone-written</MEANING>
1624 <SPECIES name="bavarica">
1625 <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1993"/>
1626 <REMAINS content="complete skeleton with feather impressions"/>
1627 <MEANING>Bavarian</MEANING>
1629 <SPECIES name="crassipes">
1630 <SYNONYM name="Pterodactylus crassipes" status="objective"/>
1632 <SPECIES name="macrura" status="oblitum">
1633 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1862"/>
1634 <MEANING>large-tailed</MEANING>
1635 <SYNONYM name="lithographica"/>
1637 <SPECIES name="oweni" status="oblitum">
1638 <AUTHOR name="Petronievics" year="1917"/>
1639 <SYNONYM name="lithographica"/>
1640 <MEANING><LOW>Sir Richard</LOW> Owen's</MEANING>
1642 <SPECIES name="recurva">
1643 <AUTHOR name="Howgate" year="1984"/>
1644 <SYNONYM name="Archaeopteryx bavarica" status="q"/>
1645 <MEANING>recurved</MEANING>
1647 <SPECIES name="siemensii">
1648 <AUTHOR name="Dames" year="1897"/>
1649 <SYNONYM name="lithographica"/>
1652 <P> The origin of <LINK content="birds"/> is associated with this creature,
1653 the "first bird" (nicknamed "Archie"). Although it resembled other small
1654 <LINK content="theropods"/> so much that one skeleton was for years
1655 mistakenly identified as <NOMEN name="Compsognathus"/>, it bore feathers
1656 identical to those of <LINK content="modern flying birds"/>. When it was
1657 first discovered in 1861, early evolutionists quickly recognized it as the
1658 "missing link" between birds and more primitive <LINK content="reptiles"/>.
1661 <P> In many ways, <NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/> was unlike modern birds.
1662 Like non-<LINK content="avian"/> <LINK content="dinosaurs"/>, it had a bony
1663 tail (short for a theropod, very long for a bird), teeth, and clawed fingers.
1664 It also had a hyperextendable "switchblade" claw on each foot, like its
1665 relatives the <LINK content="dromaeosaurids"/>. But it was a bird and
1666 featured avian characteristics, like a reduced number of tail vertebrae and
1667 unserrated teeth. </P>
1669 <P> Here is a table of known <NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/> specimens (which
1670 are named after where they were first displayed):
1672 <B>Specimen Found Recognized Complete</B>
1678 Eichstätt 1951 1970 X
1680 <NOMEN name="A. bavarica"/> 1992 1993 X
1685 <GENUS name="Archaeoraptor" type="with">
1686 <MEANING>ancient raider <I>or</I> <NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/>/<NOMEN name="Velociraptor"/></MEANING>
1687 <SPECIES name="liaoningensis" status="nudum">
1688 <MEANING>from Liaoning <LOW>Province</LOW></MEANING>
1689 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Sloan" year="1999"/>
1690 <AUTHOR name="Stephen Czerkas, Sylvia Czerkas"/>
1692 <TIME value="Barremian" section="middle"/>
1693 <PLACE name="China"/>
1694 <REMAINS content="forepart of skeleton with integument impressions"/>
1696 <P>The specimen as originally published was touted as a
1697 <LINK content="bird"/>-<LINK content="deinonychosaur"/> link. However, it appears
1698 instead to be a chimera, the tail and hindlimbs belonging to a deinonychosaur and the rest
1699 belonging to a bird. The name <NOMEN name="Archaeoraptor"/> may be dropped
1700 for the formal publication of the animals. Until then, The Dinosauricon
1701 will use the name for the bird.</P>
1705 <GENUS name="Archaeornis">
1706 <MISSPELLED name="Archaeonis"/>
1707 <MISSPELLED name="Archeornis"/>
1708 <AUTHOR name="Petronievics"/>
1709 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Petronievics, Woodward" year="1917"/>
1710 <MEANING>ancient bird</MEANING>
1711 <SPECIES name="siemensii">
1712 <SYNONYM name="Archaeopteryx siemensii" status="objective"/>
1716 <GENUS name="Archaeornithoides" type="with">
1718 <NOMEN name="Archaeornis"/> <LOW>(=<NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/>)</LOW> form
1720 <LENGTH age="juvenile" value="1" q="1"/>
1721 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
1722 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
1723 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull (juvenile)"/>
1724 <SPECIES name="deinosauricus">
1725 <AUTHOR name="Elzanowski, Wellnhofer" year="1992"/>
1731 <P> A poorly known dinosaur, <NOMEN name="Archaeornithoides"/> has been
1732 classified as a <LINK content="spinosaur"/>, but it shows
1733 <LINK content="bird"/>-like traits and may be some kind of
1734 <LINK content="coelurosaur"/>. </P>
1736 <P> Like birds and spinosaurs, it had unserrated teeth. </P>
1740 <GENUS name="Archaeornithomimus">
1741 <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell" year="1972"/>
1743 ancient <NOMEN name="Ornithomimus"/>
1745 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
1746 <MASS value="20" q="1"/>
1747 <TIME value="Albian"/>
1748 <PLACE name="China"/>
1749 <SPECIES name="asiaticus" original="Ornithomimus">
1750 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1933"/>
1754 <REMAINS content="partial hand, metatarsi, vertebrae, limb elements, claws"/>
1756 <SPECIES name="affinis">
1757 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus affinis" status="objective"/>
1759 <SPECIES name="bissektensis" status="dubium">
1760 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
1761 <REMAINS content="femur"/>
1765 <GENUS name="Arctosaurus" type="with">
1769 <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
1771 <PLACE name="Canada"/>
1772 <REMAINS content="neck vertebra"/>
1773 <SPECIES name="osborni" status="dubium">
1774 <AUTHOR name="Adams" year="1875"/>
1777 <P> May or may not be a <LINK content="theropod"/>. </P>
1781 <GENUS name="Argentinosaurus" type="with">
1785 <LENGTH value="35" q="1"/>
1786 <LENGTH value="45" q="1"/>
1787 <MASS value="80000" q="1"/>
1788 <MASS value="100000" q="1"/>
1789 <TIME value="Albian"/>
1790 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
1791 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
1792 <REMAINS content="back vertebrae, tibia, fragmentary ribs, sacrum"/>
1793 <SPECIES name="huinculensis">
1794 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Coria" year="1993"/>
1797 <P> Probably the largest known <LINK content="dinosaur"/>. </P>
1801 <GENUS name="Argyrosaurus" type="with">
1805 <LENGTH value="20"/>
1806 <LENGTH value="40" q="1"/>
1807 <MASS value="80000" q="1"/>
1808 <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
1809 <PLACE name="Argentina, Uruguay"/>
1810 <REMAINS content="forelimb"/>
1811 <REMAINS content="other material" q="1"/>
1812 <SPECIES name="superbus">
1813 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1893"/>
1820 <GENUS name="Aristosaurus" type="with">
1824 <SPECIES name="erectus">
1825 <AUTHOR name="van Hoepen" year="1920"/>
1826 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
1833 <GENUS name="Aristosuchus" status="dubiumQ">
1834 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1887"/>
1835 <MEANING>best crocodile</MEANING>
1836 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
1837 <MASS value="30" q="1"/>
1838 <SPECIES name="pusillus" original="Poekilopleuron" status="dubiumQ">
1839 <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
1840 <PLACE name="England"/>
1841 <AUTHOR name="Fox" year="1876"/>
1842 <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="R178" content="partial sacrum, pubes" type="holo"/>
1843 <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="R178a" content="dorsal vertebrae"/>
1844 <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="R179" content="manual ungual"/>
1845 <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="R899" content="manual ungual"/>
1846 <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="R5194" content="femur"/>
1847 <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="R6426" content="ischium"/>
1849 <SPECIES name="oweni">
1850 <SYNONYM name="Calamospondylus oweni" status="objective"/>
1852 <SPECIES name="sp.">
1853 <PROPERTAXON name="Coelurosauria" incertae="1" q="1"/>
1855 <PLACE name="Romania"/>
1856 <REMAINS content="2 caudal vertebrae"/>
1859 <P>May be a synonym of <NOMEN name="Calamosaurus foxi"/>. Along with
1860 <NOMEN name="Calamospondylus oweni"/>, a confusing taxonomic situation.</P>
1864 <GENUS name="Arkansaurus" type="with">
1865 <MISSPELLED name="Arkanosaurus"/>
1869 <PLACE name="Arkansas"/>
1870 <SPECIES name="fridayi" status="nudum">
1871 <AUTHOR name="Sattler" year="1983"/>
1874 <P> May be a primitive <LINK content="ornithomimosaur"/>. </P>
1878 <GENUS name="Arrhinoceratops" type="with">
1880 without nose-horn face
1884 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
1885 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
1886 <REMAINS content="skull"/>
1887 <SPECIES name="brachyops">
1888 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1925"/>
1893 <SPECIES name="utahensis">
1894 <SYNONYM name="Torosaurus utahensis" status="objective"/>
1900 <P> Inappropriately named, since it did have a nasal horn. </P>
1904 <GENUS name="Arstanosaurus" type="with">
1908 <LENGTH value="15" q="1"/>
1909 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
1910 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
1911 <PLACE name="Kazakhstan, Mongolia"/>
1912 <REMAINS content="partial maxilla, hindlimb material, teeth"/>
1913 <SPECIES name="akkurganensis" status="dubium">
1914 <AUTHOR name="Suslov, Shilin" year="1982"/>
1917 <P>Once thought to be potentially <LINK content="ceratopsid"/>, re-analysis
1918 suggests that this species is <LINK content="iguanodontian"/>,
1919 probably <LINK content="lambeosaurine"/>. </P>
1923 <GENUS name="Arthurdactylus">
1925 <LOW>Sir</LOW> Arthur <LOW>Conan Doyle's</LOW> finger
1927 <LENGTH value="4.5"/>
1928 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
1929 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
1930 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
1931 <SPECIES name="conandoylensis">
1932 <AUTHOR name="Frey, Martill" year="1994"/>
1934 <LOW>Sir Arthur</LOW> Conan Doyle's
1938 <P> <NOMEN name="Arthurdactylus"/> had the longest wings proportional
1939 to its size of any flying animal. </P>
1943 <GENUS name="Asiaceratops" type="with">
1949 <TIME value="Albian"/>
1950 <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
1951 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull, skeletal elements"/>
1952 <SPECIES name="salsopaludalis">
1953 <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Kaznyshkina, Cherepanov" year="1989"/>
1955 <SPECIES name="sulcidens">
1956 <SYNONYM name="Microceratops sulcidens" status="objective"/>
1960 <GENUS name="Asiahesperornis" type="with">
1961 <SPECIES name="bashanovi">
1962 <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Prizemlin" year="1991"/>
1965 Asian <NOMEN name="Hesperornis"/>
1968 <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
1971 <GENUS name="Asiamericana" type="with">
1972 <MEANING>Asia-American <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
1973 <SPECIES name="asiatica">
1974 <MEANING>Asian</MEANING>
1975 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
1976 <PROPERTAXON name="Actinopterygii"/>
1978 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
1980 <P>These teeth were though to be from a <LINK content="spinosaurid"/>,
1981 but are actually those of a saurodontid <LINK content="fish"/>.</P>
1985 <GENUS name="Asiatosaurus" type="with">
1990 <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
1991 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
1992 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" status="dubium">
1993 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
1998 <SPECIES name="kwangshiensis" status="dubium">
1999 <AUTHOR name="Hou, Yeh, Zhao" year="1975"/>
2003 <GENUS name="Astrodon" status="dubium">
2004 <MISSPELLED name="Astrond"/>
2005 <MISSPELLED name="Astrood"/>
2006 <MISSPELLED name="Astrodom"/>
2007 <AUTHOR name="Johnston" year="1859"/>
2011 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
2012 <TIME value="Albian"/>
2013 <PLACE name="Maryland"/>
2014 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
2015 <SPECIES name="johnstoni" status="dubium">
2016 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1865"/>
2018 <SPECIES name="montanus">
2019 <SYNONYM name="Pleurocoelus montanus" status="objective"/>
2021 <SPECIES name="nanus">
2022 <SYNONYM name="Pleurocoelus nanus" status="objective"/>
2024 <SPECIES name="pusillus" status="dubium">
2025 <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent, Zbyszewski" year="1957"/>
2026 <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus armatus"/>
2028 <SPECIES name="valdensis">
2029 <SYNONYM name="Pleurocoelus valdensis" status="objective"/>
2032 <P> Maryland's state <LINK content="dinosaur"/> (excluding the Baltimore
2033 oriole, of course). Sometimes synonymized with <NOMEN name="Pleurocoelus"/>.
2038 <GENUS name="Astrodonius">
2039 <MISSPELLED name="Astrodontius"/>
2040 <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1961"/>
2044 <SPECIES name="johnstoni">
2045 <SYNONYM name="Astrodon johnstoni" status="objective"/>
2047 <SPECIES name="pusillus">
2048 <SYNONYM name="Astrodon pusillus" status="objective"/>
2052 <GENUS name="Atlantosaurus">
2053 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
2057 <SPECIES name="montanus">
2058 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus montanus" status="objective"/>
2063 <SPECIES name="ajax">
2064 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus ajax" status="objective"/>
2066 <SPECIES name="alenquerensis">
2067 <SYNONYM name="Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis" status="objective"/>
2069 <SPECIES name="amplus">
2070 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus amplus" status="objective"/>
2072 <SPECIES name="excelsus">
2073 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus excelsus" status="objective"/>
2075 <SPECIES name="immanis" status="dubium">
2076 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
2077 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus ajax"/>
2079 <SPECIES name="laticollis">
2080 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus laticollis" status="objective"/>
2082 <SPECIES name="louisae">
2083 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus louisae" status="objective"/>
2085 <SPECIES name="minimus">
2086 <SYNONYM name="Haplocanthosaurus minimus" status="objective"/>
2093 <GENUS name="Atlasaurus" type="with">
2094 <MEANING>Atlas' <LOW>(mountain range and giant of Greek mythology)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
2095 <SPECIES name="imelakei">
2096 <MEANING>Imelake's <LOW>(giant of Arabian mythology)</LOW></MEANING>
2097 <AUTHOR name="Monbaron, D. A. Russell, Taquet" year="1999"/>
2099 <LENGTH value="13"/>
2100 <LENGTH value="14"/>
2101 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
2102 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
2103 <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
2104 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
2107 <GENUS name="Atlascopcosaurus" type="with">
2109 Atlas Copco's <LOW>(mining company)</LOW> lizard
2113 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
2114 <TIME value="Albian"/>
2115 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
2116 <REMAINS content="maxilla, teeth"/>
2117 <SPECIES name="loadsi">
2118 <AUTHOR name="T. Rich, P. Rich" year="1989"/>
2119 <MEANING><LOW>William</LOW> Loads'</MEANING>
2121 <SPECIES name="sp.">
2125 <GENUS name="Aublysodon" type="with">
2129 <LENGTH value="4" q="1"/>
2130 <LENGTH value="5" q="1"/>
2131 <MASS value="80" q="1"/>
2132 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
2133 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana, Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico"/>
2134 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
2135 <REMAINS content="skeletal material" q="1"/>
2136 <SPECIES name="mirandis" status="dubium">
2137 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1868"/>
2139 <SPECIES name="amplus" status="dubium">
2140 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
2142 <SPECIES name="cristatus" status="dubium">
2143 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
2148 <SPECIES name="explanatus">
2149 <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus explanatus" status="objective"/>
2151 <SPECIES name="grandis">
2152 <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus grandis" status="objective"/>
2154 <SPECIES name="horridus">
2155 <SYNONYM name="Deinodon horridus" status="objective"/>
2157 <SPECIES name="huoyanshanensis">
2158 <SYNONYM name="Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis" status="objective"/>
2160 <SPECIES name="lancensis">
2161 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancensis" status="objective"/>
2163 <SPECIES name="lancinator">
2164 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancinator" status="objective"/>
2166 <SPECIES name="lateralis" status="dubium">
2167 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
2168 <SYNONYM name="mirandis"/>
2170 <SPECIES name="molnari">
2171 <SYNONYM name="Stygivenator molnari" status="objective"/>
2173 <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
2174 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus novojilovi" status="objective"/>
2177 <P> Poorly known. Could be the same thing as <NOMEN name="Stygivenator"/>.
2182 <GENUS name="Augustia" type="with">
2183 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Zariquiey" year="1927"/>
2184 <MEANING>august <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
2185 <SPECIES name="ligabuei">
2186 <SYNONYM name="Agustinia ligabuei" status="objective"/>
2189 This name was preoccupied by a beetle.
2193 <GENUS name="Austroraptor" status="unpublished">
2194 <MISSPELLED name="Austraptor"/>
2195 <SYNONYM name="Ozraptor"/>
2201 <GENUS name="Austrosaurus" type="with">
2205 <LENGTH value="15"/>
2206 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
2207 <REMAINS content="back vertebrae, partial limb bones"/>
2208 <SPECIES name="mckillopi" status="dubiumQ">
2209 <AUTHOR name="Longman" year="1933"/>
2210 <TIME value="Albian"/>
2212 <SPECIES name="sp.">
2213 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
2217 <GENUS name="Avaceratops" type="with">
2219 Ava <LOW>Cole</LOW>'s horned face
2221 <LENGTH age="subadult" value="2.5"/>
2222 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
2223 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
2224 <REMAINS age="subadult" content="partial skull, skeleton"/>
2225 <REMAINS age="subadult" content="skull" q="1"/>
2226 <SPECIES name="lammersi">
2227 <AUTHOR name="Dodson" year="1986"/>
2230 <P> May be a juvenile of another <LINK content="centrosaurine"/>
2231 genus, or a subadult of its own genus (possibly
2232 non-<LINK content="ceratopsid"/>). </P>
2236 <GENUS name="Avalonia" type="with">
2237 <MISSPELLED name="Abalonia"/>
2238 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Walcott" year="1889"/>
2239 <SPECIES name="sanfordi">
2240 <SYNONYM name="Avalonianus sanfordi" status="objective"/>
2244 <GENUS name="Avalonianus">
2245 <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1961"/>
2246 <SPECIES name="sanfordi" original="Avalonia">
2247 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1898"/>
2248 <SYNONYM name="Camelotia borealis"/>
2249 <PROPERTAXON name="Rauisuchidae"/>
2253 <GENUS name="Avimimus" type="with">
2259 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
2260 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
2261 <REMAINS content="4 partial skeletons"/>
2262 <SPECIES name="portentosus">
2263 <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov" year="1981"/>
2264 <MEANING>0</MEANING>
2267 <P> Some have suggested that the small, toothless(?)
2268 <NOMEN name="Avimimus"/> was feathered. It had little ridges running along
2269 its arms that may represent anchor points for feather shafts, although
2270 <LINK content="birds"/> generally have bone "pimples" for anchor points
2271 instead of straight ridges. </P>
2273 <P> This animal is difficult to classify. Its metatarsals were pinched, like
2274 those of <LINK content="arctometatarsalians"/>,
2275 <LINK content="caenagnathids"/>, and advanced <LINK content="alvarezsaurs"/>.
2276 It may belong to any or none of these groups. It had some very bird-like
2277 traits, and its head was somewhat similar to <LINK content="oviraptorids"/>.
2278 It has even been suggested that it may be a chimera made up of two different
2279 animals, but a recent find seems to dispel this idea. </P>
2281 <P> <NOMEN name="Avimimus"/> may be related to <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/>
2282 and/or <NOMEN name="Kakuru"/>. </P>
2286 <GENUS name="Avipes" type="with">
2291 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
2292 <REMAINS content="metatarsals"/>
2293 <SPECIES name="dillstedtianus" status="dubium">
2294 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
2297 <P> Possibly a "<LINK content="lagosuchian"/>" or even a very early
2298 <LINK content="theropod"/>. Tiny, whatever it was. </P>
2302 <GENUS name="Avisaurus" type="with">
2307 <PLACE name="N. America"/>
2308 <SPECIES name="archibaldi">
2309 <AUTHOR name="Brett-Surman, Paul" year="1985"/>
2311 <SPECIES name="gloriae">
2312 <AUTHOR name="Varrichio, Chiappe" year="1995"/>
2315 <P> Originally thought to be a non-<LINK content="avian"/>
2316 <LINK content="dinosaur"/>. </P>
2320 <GENUS name="Azendohsaurus" type="with">
2322 Azendoh <LOW>village</LOW> lizard
2324 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
2325 <TIME section="middle" value="Carnian"/>
2326 <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
2327 <REMAINS content="dentary, isolated teeth"/>
2328 <SPECIES name="laaroussi" status="dubiumQ">
2329 <AUTHOR name="Dutuit" year="1972"/>
2333 <GENUS name="Azhdarcho" type="with">
2337 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
2338 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
2339 <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
2340 <SPECIES name="lancicollis">
2341 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1984"/>
2345 <GENUS name="Bactrosaurus" type="with">
2346 <MISSPELLED name="Batractosaurus"/>
2348 club<LOW>-spined</LOW> lizard
2353 <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
2354 <REMAINS content="material from at least 6 skeletons"/>
2355 <SPECIES name="johnsoni">
2356 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1933"/>
2358 <SPECIES name="kyzylkumensis" status="dubium" original="Cionodon">
2359 <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1931"/>
2361 from <LOW>the</LOW> Kyzyl Kum <LOW>Desert</LOW>
2363 <REMAINS content="fragmentary dentary, vertebrae"/>
2364 <REMAINS content="tibia" q="1"/>
2366 <SPECIES name="prynadai">
2367 <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1939"/>
2368 <SYNONYM name="johnsoni"/>
2369 <SYNONYM name="Jaxartosaurus aralensis"/>
2370 <SYNONYM name="Tanius sinensis"/>
2374 <GENUS name="Bagaceratops" type="with">
2379 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
2380 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
2381 <REMAINS content="skulls (5 complete), fragmentary postcrania (juvenile & adult)"/>
2382 <SPECIES name="rozhdestvenskyi">
2383 <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1975"/>
2386 <P> Had a small nasal horn. </P>
2390 <GENUS name="Bagaraatan" type="with">
2395 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian" q="1"/>
2396 <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
2397 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
2398 <REMAINS content="mandible, partial pelvis & hindlimb, back and tail vertebrae"/>
2399 <SPECIES name="ostromi">
2400 <AUTHOR name="Osmólska" year="1996"/>
2402 <LOW>John</LOW> Ostrom's
2407 <GENUS name="Bahariasaurus" type="with">
2409 Baharîya <LOW>Oasis</LOW> lizard
2411 <LENGTH value="6" q="1"/>
2412 <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
2413 <MASS value="4000" q="1"/>
2414 <TIME value="Albian"/>
2415 <TIME section="early" value="Cenomanian"/>
2416 <PLACE name="Egypt"/>
2417 <PLACE name="Niger" q="1"/>
2418 <REMAINS content="postcranial elements (destroyed in World War II)"/>
2419 <SPECIES name="ingens" status="dubiumQ">
2420 <AUTHOR name="Stromer" year="1934"/>
2424 <GENUS name="Bambiraptor" type="with">
2425 <MEANING>Bambi <LOW>(fictional fawn)</LOW> raider</MEANING>
2426 <SPECIES name="feinbergorum">
2427 <MEANING><LOW>Ann and Michael</LOW> Feinberg's </MEANING>
2428 <AUTHOR name="Burnham, Derstler, Currie, Bakker, Zhou, Ostrom" year="2000"/>
2429 <AUTHOR type="emended" name="Olshevsky" year="2000"/>
2431 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
2432 <LENGTH value="1" age="subadult"/>
2433 <MASS value="3" age="subadult"/>
2434 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
2435 <REMAINS content="specimen" age="subadult" type="holo"/>
2436 <ESSAY><P>This tiny, long-armed, <LINK content="bird"/>-like creature was originally
2437 thought to be a juvenile <LINK content="velociraptorine"/>. It has the
2438 largest brain-to-body ratio of any non-<LINK content="avian"/> dinosaur.</P>
2439 <P><I>see also</I>: <REFER page="http://www.bambiraptor.com/" title="The Bambiraptor Home Page"/></P>
2443 <GENUS name="Baptornis" type="with">
2448 <PLACE name="N. America"/>
2449 <SPECIES name="advenus">
2450 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
2454 <GENUS name="Barapasaurus" type="with">
2458 <LENGTH value="18"/>
2459 <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
2460 <PLACE name="India"/>
2461 <REMAINS content="6 partial skeletons (missing skull & feet)"/>
2462 <SPECIES name="tagorei">
2463 <AUTHOR name="Jain, Kutty, Roy-Chowdhury, Chatterjee" year="1975"/>
2467 <GENUS name="Barosaurus" type="with">
2471 <LENGTH value="20"/>
2472 <LENGTH value="27"/>
2473 <MASS value="10000"/>
2474 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
2475 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
2476 <SPECIES name="lentus">
2477 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
2478 <PLACE name="S. Dakota, Utah"/>
2479 <REMAINS content="5 partial skeletons, partial tail"/>
2481 <SPECIES name="affinis" status="dubium">
2482 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1899"/>
2483 <SYNONYM name="lentus"/>
2485 <SPECIES name="africanus" original="Gigantosaurus2">
2486 <AUTHOR name="E. Fraas" year="1908"/>
2487 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
2488 <REMAINS content="partial skeletons, elements"/>
2493 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
2494 <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1961"/>
2495 <SYNONYM name="africanus"/>
2496 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
2497 <REMAINS content="limb bones"/>
2503 <P> <NOMEN name="Barosaurus africanus"/> may represent a separate genus
2504 (<NOMEN name="Tornieria"/>). </P>
2508 <GENUS name="Barsboldia" type="with">
2510 <LOW>Rinchen</LOW> Barsbold's <LOW>one</LOW>
2512 <LENGTH value="10" q="1"/>
2513 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
2514 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
2515 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, pelvis, ribs, metatarsus"/>
2516 <SPECIES name="sicinskii" status="dubiumQ">
2517 <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1981"/>
2520 <P> Similar to <NOMEN name="Corythosaurus"/>. </P>
2524 <GENUS name="Baryonyx" type="with">
2528 <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
2529 <LENGTH age="subadult" value="9.5"/>
2530 <MASS age="subadult" value="1500"/>
2531 <MASS age="subadult" value="2000"/>
2532 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
2533 <PLACE name="England"/>
2534 <SPECIES name="walkeri">
2535 <MEANING>Walker's <LOW>(the discoverer)</LOW></MEANING>
2536 <AUTHOR name="Charig, Milner" year="1987"/>
2537 <REMAINS age="subadult" content="partial skeleton, postcranial elements, teeth"/>
2540 <P> <NOMEN name="Baryonyx"/> possessed a number of characteristics that set
2541 it apart from other <LINK content="theropods"/>. The skull and (numerous)
2542 teeth were rather crocodile-like. Unlike most <LINK content="dinosaurs"/>,
2543 the neck lacked a strong S-curve. There was a foot-long claw (for which the
2544 genus is named) on each hand. A piscivorous (fish-eating) lifestyle has been
2545 suggested for this 30-foot long predator, since fish teeth
2546 (<NOMEN nolink="1" name="Lepidotes"/>) and imprints of fish scales have been
2547 found in its belly. </P>
2551 <GENUS name="Bashunosaurus" type="with">
2552 <SPECIES name="kaijiangensis" status="nudum">
2553 <AUTHOR name="Kuang" year="1996"/>
2554 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Li, Zhang, Cai" year="1999"/>
2555 <PLACE name="China"/>
2559 <GENUS name="Basutodon" type="with">
2560 <SPECIES name="ferox">
2561 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
2562 <SYNONYM name="Euskelosaurus browni"/>
2563 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
2564 <MEANING>fierce</MEANING>
2568 <GENUS name="Bathygnathus">
2569 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1854"/>
2570 <PROPERTAXON name="Sphenacodontidae"/>
2573 <GENUS name="Batrachognathus">
2578 <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
2579 <REMAINS content="2 partial specimens"/>
2580 <LENGTH wingspan="1" value=".5"/>
2581 <SPECIES name="volans">
2582 <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1948"/>
2588 <P> So-named for its large, grotesque head. </P>
2592 <GENUS name="Becklespinax">
2593 <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
2595 <LOW>Samuel H.</LOW> Beckle's spined <LOW>one</LOW>
2597 <LENGTH value="5" q="1"/>
2598 <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
2599 <MASS value="1000" q="1"/>
2600 <PLACE name="England"/>
2601 <REMAINS content="3 vertebrae, partial metatarsus, teeth"/>
2602 <SPECIES name="altispinax" original="Acrocanthosaurus">
2603 <AUTHOR name="Paul" year="1988"/>
2604 <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
2605 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
2610 <SPECIES name="sp.">
2611 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
2614 <P> <REFER page="Altispinax"/> </P>
2618 <GENUS name="Beelemodon" status="nudum">
2619 <AUTHOR name="Bakker" year="1997"/>
2620 <TIME section="late" value="LJ"/>
2621 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
2622 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
2623 <REMAINS content="skeletal elements" q="1"/>
2625 <P> Mentioned as an "omnivorouscarnivorous" <LINK content="dinosaur"/>. </P>
2629 <GENUS name="Beipiaosaurus" type="with">
2633 <LENGTH value="2.2"/>
2634 <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
2635 <PLACE name="China"/>
2636 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton with integument impressions"/>
2637 <SPECIES name="inexpectus">
2638 <AUTHOR name="Xu, Tang, Wang" year="1999"/>
2644 <P> The fourth non-<LINK content="avian"/> discovered to have feathers or
2645 feather-like integument, from the same Early Cretaceous Chinese deposits
2646 as the other four (<NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/>,
2647 <NOMEN name="Protarchaeopteryx"/>, <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/>, and
2648 most recently <NOMEN name="Sinornithosaurus"/>).
2649 <NOMEN name="Beipiaosaurus"/>' integument seems somewhat similar to that
2650 of <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/>, but longer -- 5 cm on the average and
2651 up to 7 cm on the arms. The ends seem to have branching structures. </P>
2653 <P> Apart from the integument, <NOMEN name="Beipiaosaurus"/>, a primitive
2654 <LINK content="therizinosaur"/>, has features which show therizinosaurs to be
2655 <LINK content="coelurosaurian"/> <LINK content="theropods"/>, not
2656 <LINK content="sauropodomorph"/> or <LINK content="ornithischian"/> relatives as
2657 sometimes thought. Unlike most other theropods, therizinosaurs have
2658 four functional toes, like sauropodomorphs and some ornithischians.
2659 But <NOMEN name="Beipiaosaurus"/>' feet, which have reduced inner toes,
2660 show that the therizinosaur condition evolved from a three-toed ancestor.
2663 <P> The head was relatively larger than that of other therizinosaurs, and
2664 it had some features similar to the related
2665 <LINK content="oviraptorosaurs"/>. </P>
2669 <GENUS name="Bellusaurus" type="with">
2674 <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
2675 <PLACE name="China"/>
2676 <REMAINS age="juvenile" content="skull, postcrania (from 17 individuals)"/>
2677 <SPECIES name="sui">
2678 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1990"/>
2681 <NOMEN name="Klamelisaurus"/> may represent the adult form of this animal.
2685 <GENUS name="Belodon">
2686 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1842"/>
2687 <PROPERTAXON name="Parasuchia"/>
2690 <GENUS name="Bennettazhia" status="dubium">
2691 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1991"/>
2693 Bennett's <LINK content="azhdarchid"/>
2696 <PLACE name="N. America"/>
2699 <GENUS name="Betasuchus" status="dubium">
2700 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
2702 <LOW>ornithomimid genus</LOW> B crocodile
2704 <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
2705 <LENGTH value="4" q="1"/>
2706 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
2707 <PLACE name="Netherlands"/>
2708 <REMAINS content="femur"/>
2709 <SPECIES name="bredai" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
2710 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1883"/>
2713 <P> May be an <LINK content="abelisaur"/>. </P>
2717 <GENUS name="Bibleyhallorum" status="nudum">
2718 <AUTHOR name="Burge, Bird, McClelland, Cicconetti" year="1999"/>
2719 <TIME value="EK" section="early"/>
2720 <PLACE name="Utah"/>
2723 <GENUS name="Bihariosaurus" type="with">
2727 <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
2728 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
2729 <PLACE name="Romania"/>
2730 <REMAINS content="teeth, skeletal fragments"/>
2731 <SPECIES name="bauxiticus">
2732 <AUTHOR name="Marinescu" year="1989"/>
2736 <GENUS name="Blikanasaurus" type="with">
2742 <TIME section="late" value="Carnian"/>
2743 <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
2744 <PLACE name="Lesotho"/>
2745 <REMAINS content="partial hindlimb"/>
2746 <SPECIES name="cromptoni">
2747 <AUTHOR name="Galton, van Heerden" year="1985"/>
2751 <GENUS name="Bogolubovia" status="dubium">
2752 <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Borkin" year="1989"/>
2754 <LOW>Nikolai</LOW> Bogolubov's <LOW>one</LOW>
2757 <PLACE name="Europe"/>
2760 <GENUS name="Boluochia" type="with">
2762 Boluochi <LOW>one</LOW>
2764 <TIME section="late" value="Aptian"/>
2765 <PLACE name="China"/>
2766 <SPECIES name="zhengi">
2767 <AUTHOR name="Zhou" year="1995"/>
2768 <MEANING>Zheng's</MEANING>
2771 <P> Had a hooked beak and sharp talons. </P>
2775 <GENUS name="Borogovia" type="with">
2777 borogove <LOW>(creature in "Jabberwocky", a poem by Lewis Carroll)</LOW>
2779 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
2780 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian" q="1"/>
2781 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
2782 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
2783 <REMAINS content="partial hindlimbs"/>
2784 <SPECIES name="gracilicrus">
2785 <AUTHOR name="Osmólska" year="1987"/>
2789 <GENUS name="Bothriospondylus" type="with">
2790 <MISSPELLED name="Bathriospondylus"/>
2791 <MISSPELLED name="Bothrospondylus"/>
2792 <MISSPELLED name="Bothryospondylus"/>
2796 <LENGTH value="15"/>
2797 <LENGTH value="20"/>
2798 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
2799 <PLACE name="England"/>
2800 <SPECIES name="suffosus" status="dubiumQ">
2801 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1875"/>
2802 <REMAINS content="back and hip verebrae"/>
2804 <SPECIES name="alenquerenis">
2805 <SYNONYM name="Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis" status="objective"/>
2807 <SPECIES name="elongatus" status="dubium">
2808 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1875"/>
2809 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus conybearei"/>
2814 <SPECIES name="madagascariensis" status="dubium" q="1">
2815 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1895"/>
2816 <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
2817 <PLACE name="Europe" q="1"/>
2819 <SPECIES name="magnus" status="dubium">
2820 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1875"/>
2821 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus conybearei"/>
2826 <SPECIES name="robustus" status="dubiumQ" original="Marmarospondylus">
2827 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1875"/>
2828 <REMAINS content="back vertebrae"/>
2835 <GENUS name="Brachiosaurus" type="with">
2839 <LENGTH value="22"/>
2840 <LENGTH value="30" q="1"/>
2841 <MASS value="30000"/>
2842 <MASS value="80000" q="1"/>
2843 <REMAINS content="skull" q="1"/>
2844 <SPECIES name="altithorax">
2845 <AUTHOR name="Riggs" year="1903"/>
2846 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
2847 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
2848 <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah"/>
2849 <REMAINS content="2 partial specimens"/>
2854 <SPECIES name="atalaiensis">
2855 <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent, Zbyszewski" year="1957"/>
2856 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
2857 <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
2858 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, hip & limb elements"/>
2860 <SPECIES name="brancai">
2861 <SYNONYM name="Giraffatitan brancai" status="objective"/>
2863 <SPECIES name="fraasi">
2864 <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1914"/>
2865 <SYNONYM name="Giraffatitan brancai"/>
2867 <SPECIES name="macintoshi">
2868 <SYNONYM name="Ultrasauros macintoshi" status="objective"/>
2870 <SPECIES name="nougaredi" status="dubiumQ" q="1">
2871 <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent" year="1960"/>
2872 <TIME value="Albian"/>
2873 <TIME section="early" value="Cenomanian"/>
2874 <PLACE name="Algeria"/>
2875 <REMAINS content="sacrum, forelimb elements"/>
2878 <P> At one time the largest known land animal of all time, <NOMEN
2879 name="Brachiosaurus"/> has since been superceded in height by <NOMEN
2880 name="Sauroposeidon"/> and in mass by South American <LINK
2881 content="titanosaurs"/> such as <NOMEN name="Argentinosaurus"/>. </P>
2885 <GENUS name="Brachyceratops" type="with">
2889 <LENGTH age="subadult" value="1.8"/>
2890 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
2891 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
2892 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
2893 <REMAINS content="partial skeletons (subadult or juvenile)"/>
2894 <SPECIES name="montanensis">
2895 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1914"/>
2900 <SPECIES name="dawsoni">
2901 <SYNONYM name="Monoclonius dawsoni" status="objective"/>
2903 <SPECIES name="ovatus">
2904 <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus ovatus" status="objective"/>
2907 <P> May be the juvenile of another <LINK content="centrosaurine"/> genus. </P>
2911 <GENUS name="Brachylophosaurus" type="with">
2916 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
2917 <TIME section="early" value="Campanian"/>
2918 <SPECIES name="canadensis">
2919 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1953"/>
2920 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
2921 <REMAINS content="2 specimens"/>
2926 <SPECIES name="goodwini">
2927 <AUTHOR name="Horner" year="1988"/>
2928 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
2929 <REMAINS content="1 specimen"/>
2933 <GENUS name="Brachypodosaurus" type="with">
2937 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
2938 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
2939 <PLACE name="India"/>
2940 <REMAINS content="humerus"/>
2941 <SPECIES name="gravis" status="dubium">
2942 <AUTHOR name="Chakravarti" year="1934"/>
2948 <P> Could be an <LINK content="ankylosaur"/> or a <LINK content="stegosaur"/>.
2953 <GENUS name="Brachyrophus" type="with">
2955 short roof<LOW>ed vertebra</LOW>
2957 <SPECIES name="altarkansanus" status="dubium">
2958 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
2959 <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus dispar"/>
2963 <GENUS name="Bradycneme" type="with">
2967 <SPECIES name="draculae" status="dubiumQ">
2968 <AUTHOR name="Harrison, C. A. Walker" year="1975"/>
2969 <SYNONYM name="Elopteryx nopcsai" status="q"/>
2971 <LOW>Count</LOW> Dracula's
2976 <GENUS name="Brasileodactylus" type="with">
2980 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
2981 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
2982 <REMAINS content="partial lower jaw"/>
2983 <SPECIES name="araripensis">
2984 <AUTHOR name="Kellner" year="1984"/>
2988 <GENUS name="Brasileosaurus" type="with">
2992 <SPECIES name="pachecoi" status="dubium">
2993 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1931"/>
2994 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
2998 <GENUS name="Breviceratops">
2999 <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov" year="1990"/>
3004 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
3005 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
3006 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
3007 <REMAINS content="5 skulls, partial postcrania"/>
3008 <SPECIES name="kozlowskii" original="Protoceratops">
3009 <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1975"/>
3012 <P> Had a small nasal horn/bump. </P>
3016 <GENUS name="Brontoraptor" status="nudum">
3017 <AUTHOR name="Redman" year="1995"/>
3021 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
3022 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
3025 <GENUS name="Brontosaurus" type="with">
3029 <SPECIES name="excelsus">
3030 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus excelsus" status="objective"/>
3032 <SPECIES name="ajax">
3033 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus ajax" status="objective"/>
3035 <SPECIES name="alenquerensis">
3036 <SYNONYM name="Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis" status="objective"/>
3038 <SPECIES name="amplus">
3039 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
3040 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus excelsus"/>
3042 <SPECIES name="louisae">
3043 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus louisae" status="objective"/>
3045 <SPECIES name="montanus">
3046 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus montanus" status="objective"/>
3050 <GENUS name="Bruhathkayosaurus" type="with">
3051 <MEANING>huge body lizard</MEANING>
3052 <LENGTH value="40" q="1"/>
3053 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
3054 <PLACE name="India"/>
3055 <REMAINS content="radius, ilium, ischium, partial femur, tibia, caudal centrum"/>
3056 <SPECIES name="matleyi">
3057 <AUTHOR name="Yadagiri, Ayyasami" year="1989"/>
3060 <P>Although originally identified as a friggin' <U>huge</U>
3061 <LINK content="theropod"/>, <NOMEN name="Bruhathkayosaurus"/> seems more
3062 likely to be a <LINK content="sauropod"/>, if it is, indeed,
3063 <LINK content="animalian"/>. The fossil identified as its tibia
3064 is 25% longer than the tibia of <NOMEN name="Argentinosaurus"/>.</P>
3068 <GENUS name="Bugenasaura" type="with">
3072 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
3073 <SPECIES name="infernalis">
3074 <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
3075 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1995"/>
3076 <REMAINS content="partial skull, back vertebrae, 2 fingers"/>
3078 infernal <LOW>(from Hell Creek River)</LOW>
3081 <SPECIES name="garbanii" original="Thescelosaurus">
3082 <AUTHOR name="Morris" year="1976"/>
3083 <REMAINS content="neck and back vertebrae, hindlimb"/>
3086 <P> The specific name of
3087 <NOMEN name="Bugenasaura infernalis"/> refers to the Hell Creek Formation,
3088 where it is from. </P>
3090 <P> <NOMEN name="B. garbanii"/> has been tentatively reassigned from
3091 <NOMEN name="Thescelosaurus"/> to <NOMEN name="Bugenasaura"/>, although it
3092 could represent the body of the <LINK content="pachycephalosaur"/>
3093 <NOMEN name="Stygimoloch spinifer"/>, which is also from Hell Creek. </P>
3097 <GENUS name="Byronosaurus" type="with">
3098 <MEANING>Byron <LOW>Jaffe'</LOW>s lizard</MEANING>
3099 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
3100 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
3101 <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
3102 <SPECIES name="jaffei">
3103 <MEANING><LOW>Byron</LOW> Jaffe's</MEANING>
3104 <AUTHOR name="Norell, Mackovicky, Clark" year="2000"/>
3107 <P>This is the first <LINK content="troodontid"/> known to have
3108 unserrated teeth, like those of <LINK content="birds"/>.</P>
3112 <GENUS name="Caenagnathasia" type="with">
3114 Asian <NOMEN name="Caenagnathus"/>
3116 <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
3117 <MASS value="7" q="1"/>
3118 <MASS value="9" q="1"/>
3119 <TIME section="late" value="Turonian"/>
3120 <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
3121 <REMAINS content="two pairs of dentaries"/>
3122 <SPECIES name="martinsoni">
3123 <AUTHOR name="Currie, Godfrey, Nessov" year="1995"/>
3127 <GENUS name="Caenagnathus" type="with">
3131 <SPECIES name="collinsi">
3132 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1940"/>
3133 <SYNONYM name="Chirostenotes pergracilis"/>
3135 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
3136 <SYNONYM name="Chirostenotes sternbergi" status="objective"/>
3140 <GENUS name="Calamosaurus" status="dubium">
3141 <MEANING>reed lizard</MEANING>
3142 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1891"/>
3143 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
3144 <MASS value="30" q="1"/>
3145 <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
3146 <PLACE name="England"/>
3147 <REMAINS type="holo" museum="BMNH" id="R901" content="2 associated cervical vertebrae" comment="one nearly complete, the other missing neural arch"/>
3148 <SPECIES name="foxi" status="dubium" original="Calamospondylus2">
3149 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
3153 <GENUS name="Calamospondylus" type="with">
3154 <MEANING>reed vertebra</MEANING>
3155 <MISSPELLED name="Calamosphondylus"/>
3156 <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
3157 <PLACE name="England"/>
3158 <REMAINS content="sacrum" comment="lost"/>
3159 <SPECIES name="oweni" status="dubium">
3160 <AUTHOR name="Fox" year="1866"/>
3162 <LOW>Sir Richard</LOW> Owen's
3167 <GENUS name="Calamospondylus2" type="with">
3168 <MEANING>reed vertebra</MEANING>
3169 <MISSPELLED name="Calamosphondylus"/>
3170 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Fox" year="1866"/>
3171 <SPECIES name="foxi">
3172 <SYNONYM name="Calamosaurus foxi" status="objective"/>
3176 <GENUS name="Callovosaurus">
3177 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1988"/>
3179 <LINK content="Callovian"/> lizard
3181 <SPECIES name="leedsi">
3182 <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus leedsi" status="objective"/>
3186 <GENUS name="Camarasaurus" type="with">
3190 <LENGTH value="7.5"/>
3191 <LENGTH value="20"/>
3192 <MASS value="18000"/>
3193 <SPECIES name="supremus">
3194 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
3198 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
3199 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
3200 <PLACE name="Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming"/>
3201 <REMAINS content="5 partial specimens, braincase, mandibles"/>
3203 <SPECIES name="agilis">
3204 <SYNONYM name="Morosaurus agilis" status="objective"/>
3206 <SPECIES name="alenquerensis">
3207 <SYNONYM name="Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis" status="objective"/>
3209 <SPECIES name="annae">
3210 <AUTHOR name="Ellinger" year="1950"/>
3211 <SYNONYM name="lentus"/>
3213 <SPECIES name="douglassi">
3214 <SYNONYM name="Uintasaurus douglassi" status="objective"/>
3216 <SPECIES name="excelsus">
3217 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus excelsus" status="objective"/>
3219 <SPECIES name="grandis">
3220 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
3221 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
3222 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
3223 <PLACE name="Colorado, Montana"/>
3224 <REMAINS content="5 specimens, elements"/>
3229 <SPECIES name="impar">
3230 <SYNONYM name="Morosaurus impar" status="objective"/>
3232 <SPECIES name="lentus">
3233 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
3234 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
3235 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
3236 <PLACE name="Utah, Wyoming"/>
3238 <SPECIES name="leptodirus" status="dubium">
3239 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1879"/>
3240 <SYNONYM name="supremus"/>
3242 <SPECIES name="lewisi" original="Cathetosaurus">
3243 <AUTHOR name="Jensen, James" year="1988"/>
3244 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
3245 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
3246 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
3247 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, ribs, forelimb, pubis, ischia"/>
3249 <SPECIES name="sp.">
3250 <TIME value="Aalenian"/>
3251 <PLACE name="England"/>
3252 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
3255 <P> A skin impression may or may not belong to this <LINK content="dinosaur"/>.
3260 <GENUS name="Camelotia" type="with">
3264 <LENGTH value="9" q="1"/>
3265 <TIME value="Rhaetian"/>
3266 <PLACE name="England"/>
3267 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, pubis, ischium, femur, tibia, phalanges"/>
3268 <SPECIES name="borealis">
3269 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1985"/>
3276 <GENUS name="Camposaurus" type="with">
3277 <TIME section="latest" value="Carnian"/>
3278 <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
3279 <SPECIES name="arizonensis">
3280 <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas, Heckert, Lockley" year="1998"/>
3286 <P>May be a synonym of <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/>.</P>
3290 <GENUS name="Camptonotus" type="with">
3291 <MISSPELLED name="Camptonodus"/>
3292 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Uhler" year="1864"/>
3293 <SPECIES name="dispar">
3294 <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus dispar" status="objective"/>
3296 <SPECIES name="amplus">
3297 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
3298 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus fragilis" status="q"/>
3302 <GENUS name="Camptosaurus">
3303 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1885"/>
3307 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
3309 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
3310 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
3311 <SPECIES name="dispar" original="Camptonotus">
3312 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
3313 <PLACE name="Colorado, Oklahoma, Utah, Wyoming"/>
3314 <REMAINS content="10 skeletons (juvenile to adult), elements"/>
3315 <MEANING>disparate</MEANING>
3317 <SPECIES name="amplus">
3318 <SYNONYM name="Camptonotus amplus" status="objective"/>
3320 <SPECIES name="browni">
3321 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1909"/>
3322 <SYNONYM name="dispar"/>
3324 <SPECIES name="depressus" q="1" status="dubiumQ">
3325 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1909"/>
3326 <PLACE name="Wyoming, S. Dakota"/>
3327 <REMAINS content="ilia, vertebrae"/>
3329 <SPECIES name="inkeyi">
3330 <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon inkeyi" status="objective"/>
3332 <SPECIES name="leedsi">
3333 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
3334 <PLACE name="England"/>
3335 <REMAINS content="femur"/>
3337 <SPECIES name="medius">
3338 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1894"/>
3339 <SYNONYM name="dispar"/>
3341 <SPECIES name="nanus">
3342 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1894"/>
3343 <SYNONYM name="dispar"/>
3348 <SPECIES name="prestwichii" original="Cumnoria">
3349 <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1880"/>
3350 <PLACE name="England"/>
3351 <REMAINS content="fragmentary specimen"/>
3353 <SPECIES name="valdensis" status="dubium">
3354 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
3355 <SYNONYM name="Valdosaurus canaliculatus"/>
3356 <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Wealden <LOW>Formation</LOW></MEANING>
3358 <SPECIES name="sp.">
3359 <PROPERTAXON name="Iguanodontoidea" incertae="1"/>
3360 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
3361 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
3362 <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
3365 <P> <NOMEN name="Camptosaurus depressus"/> may not even represent an
3366 <LINK content="ornithopod"/>. </P>
3370 <GENUS name="Campylodon">
3371 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
3372 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Cuvier, Valenciennes" year="1832"/>
3373 <SYNONYM name="Campylodoniscus"/>
3379 <GENUS name="Campylodoniscus" status="dubium">
3380 <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1961"/>
3382 <NOMEN name="Campylodon"/>-like <LOW>one</LOW>
3384 <LENGTH value="20" q="1"/>
3385 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
3386 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
3387 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
3388 <REMAINS content="maxilla with teeth"/>
3389 <SPECIES name="ameghinoi" status="dubiumQ" original="Campylodon">
3390 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
3394 <GENUS name="Campylognathoides">
3395 <AUTHOR name="Strand" year="1928"/>
3397 <NOMEN name="Campylognathus"/> form
3400 <TIME section="late" value="EJ"/>
3401 <REMAINS content="several specimens (some complete)"/>
3402 <SPECIES name="liasicus" original="Campylognathus">
3403 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
3405 Lias <LOW>(=<LINK content="Early Jurassic"/>)</LOW>
3408 <SPECIES name="indicus">
3409 <PLACE name="India"/>
3414 <SPECIES name="zitteli">
3415 <AUTHOR name="Plieninger" year="1895"/>
3416 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
3420 <GENUS name="Campylognathus">
3421 <AUTHOR name="Plieninger" year="1895"/>
3422 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Reuter" year="1890"/>
3423 <SYNONYM name="Campylognathoides"/>
3424 <MEANING>curved jaw</MEANING>
3427 <GENUS name="Capitalsaurus" status="nudum">
3428 <AUTHOR name="Kranz" year="1998"/>
3429 <MEANING>capital <LOW>(Washington, D.C.)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
3430 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
3431 <PLACE name="Maryland"/>
3434 <GENUS name="Carcharodontosaurus">
3435 <MISSPELLED name="Carcharadontosaurus" author="Holtz" year="1994"/>
3436 <MISSPELLED name="Carcharodonsaurus" author="Romer" year="1966"/>
3437 <MISSPELLED name="Carchrodontosaurus" author="White" year="1973"/>
3438 <AUTHOR name="Stromer" year="1931"/>
3440 shark-toothed lizard
3443 <LENGTH value="14"/>
3444 <MASS value="7000" q="1"/>
3445 <MASS value="8000" q="1"/>
3446 <TIME value="Albian"/>
3447 <TIME section="early" value="Cenomanian"/>
3448 <PLACE name="Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Niger"/>
3449 <REMAINS content="isolated teeth, partial skeletons"/>
3450 <SPECIES name="saharicus" original="Megalosaurus">
3451 <AUTHOR name="Depéret, Savornin" year="1925"/>
3452 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Stromer" year="1931"/>
3453 <MEANING><LOW>the</LOW> Sahara <LOW>Desert</LOW>'s</MEANING>
3456 <P> <NOMEN name="Carcharodontosaurus"/> has been known for a while from
3457 scrappy remains, but only in recent years have new finds shown what a huge
3458 creature it was, rivalling <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus"/> and other <LINK
3459 content="carcharodontosaurines"/> as one of the largest land predators of
3462 <P> A recently unearthed <NOMEN name="Carcharodontosaurus"/> specimen was
3463 reported to have the largest head of any <LINK content="theropod"/>,
3464 although it seems that the skull was reconstructed too long. A realistic
3465 estimate for head length is 153 cm, which is less than <NOMEN
3466 name="Giganotosaurus"/>' 165 cm. </P>
3470 <GENUS name="Cardiodon" type="with">
3471 <MEANING>heart tooth</MEANING>
3472 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
3473 <SPECIES name="rugulosus" status="dubium">
3474 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1841"/>
3478 <GENUS name="Carnosaurus" status="nudum">
3479 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
3480 <MEANING>flesh lizard</MEANING>
3482 <P> A misspelling of <LINK content="Carnosauria"/>, in reference to indeterminate
3483 large <LINK content="theropod"/> material.</P>
3487 <GENUS name="Carnotaurus" type="with">
3489 flesh<LOW>-eating</LOW> bull
3491 <LENGTH value="7.5"/>
3492 <MASS value="1000"/>
3493 <TIME value="Albian"/>
3494 <TIME section="early" value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
3495 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
3496 <REMAINS content="complete skeleton with skin impressions"/>
3497 <SPECIES name="sastrei">
3498 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1985"/>
3501 <P> <NOMEN name="Carnotaurus"/> was an unusual <LINK content="theropod"/>.
3502 The name refers to the small horns it bore above its eyes. The arms were
3503 extremely small and underdeveloped, even more so than those of the <LINK
3504 content="tyrannosaurids"/>. The forearms were so short that the hands
3505 appeared to sprout almost directly from the elbows. Remains are very
3506 complete, with skin impressions that show rows of large, non-bony,
3507 semiconical scales along the right side of the body. </P>
3509 <P> <NOMEN name="Carnotaurus"/> was featured in the book <U>The Lost
3510 World</U>, where it was given amazing, chameleon-like powers of skin
3511 camouflage. Even if this is blatantly unscientific, it would've looked
3512 kind of cool on the big screen. (Unfortunately, <NOMEN
3513 name="Carnotaurus"/> wasn't put in the movie.) </P>
3517 <GENUS name="Caseosaurus" type="with">
3518 <TIME section="latest" value="Carnian"/>
3519 <PLACE name="Texas"/>
3520 <REMAINS content="ilium"/>
3521 <SPECIES name="crosbyensis">
3522 <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas, Heckert, Lockley" year="1998"/>
3525 <P> A "<LINK content="herrerasaur"/>" of some kind. Originally referred to
3526 <NOMEN name="Chindesaurus"/>. </P>
3530 <GENUS name="Cathayornis" type="with">
3532 Cathay <LOW>(=China)</LOW> bird
3534 <TIME section="late" value="Aptian"/>
3535 <PLACE name="China"/>
3536 <REMAINS content="2 specimens"/>
3537 <SPECIES name="yandica">
3538 <AUTHOR name="Zhou, Jin, Zhang" year="1995"/>
3540 <SPECIES name="caudatus">
3543 <P> May be the same as <NOMEN name="Sinornis"/>. </P>
3547 <GENUS name="Cathetosaurus" type="with">
3551 <SPECIES name="lewisi">
3552 <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus lewisi" status="objective"/>
3556 <GENUS name="Caudipteryx" type="with">
3561 <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
3562 <PLACE name="China"/>
3563 <SPECIES name="zoui">
3564 <REMAINS content="2 specimens with feather impressions and gastroliths"/>
3565 <AUTHOR name="Ji Q., Currie, Norell, Ji S." year="1998"/>
3566 <MEANING><LOW>Vice-Premier</LOW> Zou <LOW>Jiahua</LOW>'s</MEANING>
3568 <SPECIES name="dongi">
3569 <AUTHOR name="Zhou, Wang" year="2000"/>
3570 <REMAINS content="1 specimen with feather impressions and gastroliths"/>
3573 <P header="A Feathered Dinosaur"> <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/> is one of the few non-<LINK
3574 content="avian"/> <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> for which feathery
3575 impressions are known. The only others (<NOMEN
3576 name="Sinosauropteryx"/>, <NOMEN name="Protarchaeopteryx"/>, <NOMEN
3577 name="Beipiaosaurus"/>, and <NOMEN name="Sinornithosaurus"/>) come from the same
3578 site and have also only recently been discovered. <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/>
3579 specimens were at first mistaken for <NOMEN name="Protarchaeopteryx"/>
3582 <P> As the name implies, <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/> had a special
3583 assemblage of feathers on its tail, possibly for ornamental purposes.
3584 There are bands of dark and light on the tail feathers. These may
3585 be remnants of the animal's pigmentation, something that is hardly
3588 <P> <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/> had very short forelimbs and symmetrical
3589 feathers, meaning that it did not fly. It legs were long, perhaps for
3590 running and/or wading. A recent study has suggested that it was capable of perching.</P>
3592 <P header="Relationships"> The original cladistic analysis placed <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/> as a
3593 basal <LINK content="avialan"/>, but many now think it was related to
3594 <LINK content="oviraptorosaurs"/>. </P>
3598 <GENUS name="Caudocoelus" status="dubium">
3599 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
3603 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
3604 <PLACE name="France"/>
3605 <REMAINS content="tail vertebra (destroyed in World War II)"/>
3606 <SPECIES name="sauvagei" status="dubium" original="Saurornithoides2">
3607 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1928"/>
3611 <GENUS name="Caulodon" type="with">
3615 <SPECIES name="diversidens" status="dubium">
3616 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
3617 <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus supremus"/>
3619 <SPECIES name="leptoganus" status="dubium">
3620 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
3621 <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus supremus"/>
3623 <SPECIES name="praecursor">
3624 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon praecursor" status="objective"/>
3628 <GENUS name="Cearadactylus" type="with">
3632 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
3633 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
3634 <SPECIES name="atrox">
3635 <AUTHOR name="Leonardi, Borgomanero" year="1983"/>
3639 <GENUS name="Cedarosaurus" type="with">
3640 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
3641 <PLACE name="Utah"/>
3642 <MEANING>Cedar <LOW>Mountain Formation</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
3643 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
3644 <SPECIES name="weiskopfae">
3645 <MEANING><LOW>Carol</LOW> Weiskopf's</MEANING>
3646 <AUTHOR name="Tidwell, Carpenter, Brooks" year="1999"/>
3650 <GENUS name="Centemodon">
3651 <AUTHOR name="Lea" year="1856"/>
3652 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
3655 <GENUS name="Centrosaurus" type="with">
3660 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
3661 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
3662 <REMAINS content="15 skulls, skeletons, juvenile material"/>
3663 <SPECIES name="apertus" original="Monoclonius">
3664 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1904"/>
3665 <MEANING>windowed</MEANING>
3667 <SPECIES name="albertensis">
3668 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
3669 <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus albertensis" status="objective"/>
3674 <SPECIES name="cutleri" status="dubium" original="Monoclonius">
3675 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1917"/>
3677 <SPECIES name="flexus">
3678 <SYNONYM name="Monoclonius flexus" status="objective"/>
3680 <SPECIES name="longirostris">
3681 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1940"/>
3682 <SYNONYM name="apertus"/>
3687 <SPECIES name="nasicornis">
3688 <SYNONYM name="Monoclonius nasicornis" status="objective"/>
3690 <SPECIES name="recurvicornis">
3691 <SYNONYM name="Monoclonius recurvicornis" status="objective"/>
3695 <GENUS name="Ceratops" type="with">
3699 <LENGTH value="7" q="1"/>
3700 <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
3701 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
3702 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
3703 <REMAINS content="occipital condyle, horn cores"/>
3704 <SPECIES name="montanus" status="dubium">
3705 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1888"/>
3710 <SPECIES name="alticornis">
3711 <SYNONYM name="Triceratops alticornis" status="objective"/>
3713 <SPECIES name="belli">
3714 <SYNONYM name="Chasmosaurus belli" status="objective"/>
3716 <SPECIES name="canadensis">
3717 <SYNONYM name="Chasmosaurus canadensis" status="objective"/>
3719 <SPECIES name="horridus">
3720 <SYNONYM name="Triceratops horridus" status="objective"/>
3722 <SPECIES name="paucidens">
3723 <SYNONYM name="Lambeosaurus paucidens" status="objective"/>
3725 <SPECIES name="recurvicornis">
3726 <SYNONYM name="Monoclonius recurvicornis" status="objective"/>
3729 <P> May be the same as another <LINK content="ceratopsine"/> genus,
3730 perhaps <NOMEN name="Chasmosaurus"/>. </P>
3734 <GENUS name="Ceratosaurus" type="with">
3738 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
3739 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
3740 <SPECIES name="nasicornis">
3741 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1884"/>
3742 <LENGTH value="4.5"/>
3745 <MASS value="1000"/>
3746 <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah"/>
3747 <REMAINS content="several specimens"/>
3752 <SPECIES name="dentisulcatus" status="nudum">
3753 <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1995"/>
3754 <PLACE name="Utah" q="1"/>
3756 <SPECIES name="ingens" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
3757 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Paul" year="1988"/>
3758 <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1920"/>
3759 <MASS value="5000" q="1"/>
3760 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
3761 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
3763 <SPECIES name="magnicornis">
3764 <MEANING>big-horned</MEANING>
3765 <AUTHOR name="Madsen, Welles" year="2000"/>
3766 <REMAINS content="skull, several specimens"/>
3767 <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
3769 <SPECIES name="meriani">
3770 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus meriani" status="objective"/>
3772 <SPECIES name="roechlingi" status="dubium">
3773 <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1925"/>
3774 <MISSPELLED name="roechlinqi" author="Chabli" year="1986"/>
3776 <SPECIES name="willisobrienorum" status="nudum">
3777 <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
3778 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
3779 <MEANING>Willis O'Brien's <LOW>studio's</LOW></MEANING>
3780 <SYNONYM name="magnicornis"/>
3783 <P> <NOMEN name="Ceratosaurus"/> was a common Jurassic predator that
3784 sported a large horn on the snout and two smaller ones above the eyes.
3787 <P> <NOMEN name="C. ingens"/> may have been a humongous African <LINK
3788 content="ceratosaur"/>, among the largest of <LINK content="theropods"/>.
3793 <GENUS name="Cetiosauriscus">
3794 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1927"/>
3796 <NOMEN name="Cetiosaurus"/>-like <LOW>one</LOW>
3798 <LENGTH value="15"/>
3799 <SPECIES name="stewarti">
3800 <AUTHOR name="Charig" year="1980"/>
3801 <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
3802 <PLACE name="England"/>
3803 <REMAINS content="hindquarters, vertebrae"/>
3805 <SPECIES name="brancai">
3806 <SYNONYM name="Giraffatitan brancai" status="objective"/>
3807 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Yadagiri" year="1988"/>
3809 <SPECIES name="glymptonensis" status="dubiumQ" original="Cetiosaurus">
3810 <AUTHOR name="Phillips" year="1871"/>
3811 <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
3812 <PLACE name="England"/>
3813 <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae"/>
3815 <SPECIES name="greppini" status="dubiumQ" original="Ornithopsis">
3816 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1922"/>
3817 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
3818 <PLACE name="Switzerland"/>
3819 <REMAINS content="4 partial postcrania"/>
3821 <SPECIES name="leedsi">
3822 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1927"/>
3823 <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1905"/>
3824 <SYNONYM name="stewarti"/>
3826 <SPECIES name="leedsii">
3827 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus leedsii" status="objective"/>
3829 <SPECIES name="longus" status="dubiumQ" original="Cetiosaurus">
3830 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
3831 <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
3832 <PLACE name="England"/>
3833 <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae"/>
3839 <P>Usually classified as a <LINK content="diplodocid"/>, but that may need
3844 <GENUS name="Cetiosaurus" type="with">
3848 <LENGTH value="14"/>
3849 <LENGTH value="18"/>
3850 <SPECIES name="medius" status="conservandum">
3851 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
3852 <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
3853 <PLACE name="England"/>
3854 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, limb elements"/>
3856 <SPECIES name="brachyurus" status="dubium">
3857 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
3858 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon atherfieldensis"/>
3863 <SPECIES name="brevis" status="dubium">
3864 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
3865 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus conybearei"/>
3866 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon anglicum"/>
3871 <SPECIES name="conybearei">
3872 <AUTHOR name="Melville" year="1849"/>
3873 <PROPERTAXON name="Brachiosauridae" q="1"/>
3874 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
3875 <PLACE name="England"/>
3876 <REMAINS content="caudal vertebrae, chevron"/>
3878 <SPECIES name="epioolithicus" status="oblitum">
3879 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
3880 <SYNONYM name="Cetiosauriscus longus"/>
3881 <MEANING>after <LOW>the</LOW> Oolite</MEANING>
3883 <SPECIES name="glymptonensis">
3884 <SYNONYM name="Cetiosauriscus glymptonensis" status="objective"/>
3886 <SPECIES name="greppini">
3887 <SYNONYM name="Cetiosauriscus greppini" status="objective"/>
3889 <SPECIES name="humerocristatus">
3890 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus humerocristatus" status="objective"/>
3892 <LOW>with a</LOW> crested humerus
3895 <SPECIES name="hypoolithicus" status="oblitum">
3896 <AUTHOR name="Owen"/>
3897 <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1841"/>
3898 <SYNONYM name="medius"/>
3899 <MEANING>under <LOW>the</LOW> Oolite</MEANING>
3901 <SPECIES name="leedsi">
3902 <SYNONYM name="Cetiosauriscus leedsi" status="objective"/>
3904 <SPECIES name="leedsii">
3905 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus leedsii" status="objective"/>
3907 <SPECIES name="longus">
3908 <SYNONYM name="Cetiosauriscus longus" status="objective"/>
3913 <SPECIES name="mogrebiensis" q="1">
3914 <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent" year="1955"/>
3915 <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
3916 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
3917 <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
3918 <PLACE name="Algeria" q="1"/>
3919 <REMAINS content="several skeletons"/>
3921 <SPECIES name="oxonensis">
3922 <AUTHOR name="Phillips" year="1871"/>
3923 <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
3924 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
3925 <PLACE name="England"/>
3926 <REMAINS content="2 partial postcrania, vertebrae, limb elements"/>
3928 <SPECIES name="phillipsi" status="nudum">
3929 <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1880"/>
3931 <SPECIES name="rigauxi" status="dubium">
3932 <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1874"/>
3933 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
3935 <SPECIES name="rugulosus">
3936 <SYNONYM name="Cardiodon rugulosus" status="objective"/>
3939 <P> Owen originally considered <NOMEN name="Cetiosaurus"/> to be a
3940 crocodile-like creature, and thus did not include it in the original
3941 description of the taxon <LINK content="Dinosauria"/>, which he published
3942 the same year as <NOMEN name="C. medius"/>. </P>
3946 <GENUS name="Changchengornis" type="with">
3948 Great Wall <LOW>of China</LOW> bird
3950 <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
3951 <PLACE name="China"/>
3952 <SPECIES name="hengdaoziensis">
3953 <AUTHOR name="Ji Q., Chiappe, Ji S." year="1999"/>
3957 <GENUS name="Changtusaurus">
3958 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
3959 <MISSPELLED name="Changdusaurus"/>
3960 <MISSPELLED name="Chendusaurus"/>
3961 <MISSPELLED name="Chengdusaurus"/>
3963 Changdu <LOW>basin</LOW> lizard
3966 <PLACE name="China"/>
3967 <SPECIES name="laminaplacodus" status="nudum">
3968 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
3972 <GENUS name="Chaoyangia" type="with">
3974 Chaoyang <LOW>County one</LOW>
3976 <TIME section="late" value="Aptian"/>
3977 <PLACE name="China"/>
3978 <SPECIES name="beishanensis">
3979 <AUTHOR name="Hou, Zhang" year="1993"/>
3982 <P> Had long toes, possibly for wading. </P>
3986 <GENUS name="Chaoyangsaurus" type="with">
3987 <MISSPELLED name="Chaoyangosaurus"/>
3989 Chaoyang <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
3991 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
3992 <PLACE name="China"/>
3993 <REMAINS content="skull"/>
3994 <SPECIES name="youngi">
3995 <AUTHOR name="Zhao, Zheng, Xu" year="1999"/>
3997 <SPECIES name="liaosiensis" status="nudum">
3998 <AUTHOR name="Zhao, Zheng" year="1983"/>
3999 <SYNONYM name="youngi"/>
4003 <GENUS name="Chaoyoungosaurus" status="nudum">
4004 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
4005 <SPECIES name="liaosiensis">
4006 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
4007 <SYNONYM name="Chaoyangsaurus liaosiensis" status="objective"/>
4011 <GENUS name="Charonosaurus" type="with">
4012 <MEANING>Charon's <LOW>(ferryman to Hell in Greek mythology)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
4013 <SPECIES name="jiayinensis">
4014 <MEANING>from Jiayin</MEANING>
4015 <AUTHOR name="Godefroit, Zan, Jin" year="2000"/>
4016 <TIME value="Maastrichtian" section="late"/>
4017 <PLACE name="China"/>
4018 <REMAINS type="holo" content="partial skull with fragmentary crest"/>
4019 <REMAINS content="elements from dozens of specimens"/>
4020 <LENGTH value="13"/>
4023 <P>Hails from the Yuliangze Formation.</P>
4027 <GENUS name="Chasmosaurus">
4028 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1914"/>
4030 chasm <LOW>(skull opening)</LOW> lizard
4034 <MASS value="1500"/>
4035 <SPECIES name="belli" original="Monoclonius">
4036 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
4037 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
4038 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
4039 <REMAINS content="8 skulls, skeleton"/>
4041 <SPECIES name="brevirostris">
4042 <AUTHOR name="Kaiseni" year="1933"/>
4043 <SYNONYM name="belli"/>
4048 <SPECIES name="canadensis" original="Monoclonius">
4049 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
4053 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
4054 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
4055 <REMAINS content="4 skulls"/>
4057 <SPECIES name="kaiseni">
4058 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1933"/>
4059 <SYNONYM name="canadensis"/>
4061 <SPECIES name="mariscalensis">
4062 <AUTHOR name="Lehman" year="1989"/>
4063 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
4064 <PLACE name="Texas"/>
4065 <REMAINS content="12 skulls, juvenile specimen"/>
4067 <SPECIES name="recurvicornis">
4068 <SYNONYM name="Monoclonius recurvicornis" status="objective"/>
4070 <LOW>with a</LOW> recurved horn
4073 <SPECIES name="russelli">
4074 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1940"/>
4075 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
4076 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
4077 <REMAINS content="3 skulls"/>
4079 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
4080 <SYNONYM name="Pentaceratops sternbergi" status="objective"/>
4084 <GENUS name="Chassternbergia">
4085 <AUTHOR name="Bakker" year="1988"/>
4087 Cha<LOW>rle</LOW>s <LOW>M.</LOW> Sternberg's <LOW>one</LOW>
4089 <SPECIES name="rugosidens">
4090 <SYNONYM name="Edmontonia rugosidens" status="objective"/>
4094 <GENUS name="Cheneosaurus" type="with">
4098 <SPECIES name="tolmanensis">
4099 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1917"/>
4100 <SYNONYM name="Hypacrosaurus altispinus"/>
4104 <GENUS name="Chialingosaurus" type="with">
4106 Jia-ling <LOW>River</LOW> lizard
4110 <PLACE name="China"/>
4111 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
4112 <SPECIES name="kuani" status="conservandum">
4113 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1959"/>
4115 <SPECIES name="guangyuanensis" status="nudum">
4116 <AUTHOR name="Li, Zhang, Cai" year="1999"/>
4118 <SPECIES name="chuhsiensis" status="oblitum">
4119 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1959"/>
4120 <SYNONYM name="kuani"/>
4123 <P> This <LINK content="stegosaur"/>'s plates were rather spiky. </P>
4127 <GENUS name="Chiayusaurus" type="with">
4128 <MISSPELLED name="Chiayasaurus"/>
4129 <MISSPELLED name="Chiayuesaurus"/>
4130 <MISSPELLED name="Chiayüsaurus"/>
4131 <MISSPELLED name="Chiryuesaurus"/>
4133 Jiayu<LOW>gan</LOW> lizard
4135 <SPECIES name="lacustris" status="dubium">
4136 <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
4137 <SYNONYM name="Asiatosaurus mongoliensis"/>
4139 lake<LOW>-dwelling</LOW>
4142 <SPECIES name="asianensis" status="dubium">
4143 <AUTHOR name="Lee, Yang, Park" year="1997"/>
4144 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
4145 <MEANING>from Asia</MEANING>
4149 <GENUS name="Chienkosaurus" type="with">
4150 <SPECIES name="ceratosauroides">
4151 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1942"/>
4152 <SYNONYM name="Szechuanosaurus campi"/>
4153 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
4155 <NOMEN name="Ceratosaurus"/>-formed
4160 <GENUS name="Chihuahuasaurus" status="nudum">
4161 <AUTHOR name="Ratkevich"/>
4162 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Anonymous" year="1997"/>
4163 <SYNONYM name="Sonorasaurus"/>
4169 <GENUS name="Chilantaisaurus" type="with">
4171 Ch'i-lan-t'ai <LOW>Lake</LOW> lizard
4173 <LENGTH value="13" q="1"/>
4174 <MASS value="4000" q="1"/>
4175 <SPECIES name="tashuikouensis">
4176 <AUTHOR name="Hu" year="1964"/>
4177 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
4178 <TIME value="Albian"/>
4179 <PLACE name="China"/>
4180 <REMAINS content="fragmentary postcranium"/>
4182 <SPECIES name="maortuensis" status="dubium">
4183 <AUTHOR name="Hu" year="1964"/>
4184 <PROPERTAXON name="Coelurosauria" incertae="1"/>
4185 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
4186 <TIME value="Albian"/>
4187 <PLACE name="China"/>
4188 <REMAINS content="partial skull, teeth, other remains"/>
4190 <SPECIES name="sibiricus" status="dubium" original="Antrodemus">
4191 <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1914"/>
4192 <TIME value="Berriasian"/>
4193 <PLACE name="Russia"/>
4194 <REMAINS content="metatarsal"/>
4196 <SPECIES name="zheziangensis">
4197 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1979"/>
4198 <PROPERTAXON name="Therizinosauria" incertae="1"/>
4200 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
4201 <REMAINS content="2 foot claws, hand claw"/>
4204 <P> Probably either a late <LINK content="allosaurine"/> or an early
4205 <LINK content="carcharodontosaurine"/>. </P>
4207 <P> The claws assigned to <NOMEN name="Chilantaisaurus zheziangensis"/> seem instead to
4208 be from a <LINK content="therizinosaur"/>. <NOMEN name="C. maortuensis"/>
4209 may also be a therizinosaur, or a <LINK content="tyrannosauroid"/>. </P>
4213 <GENUS name="Chindesaurus" type="with">
4215 Chinde <LOW>Point</LOW> lizard
4219 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
4220 <PLACE name="Arizona, New Mexico"/>
4221 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton, teeth"/>
4222 <SPECIES name="bryansmalli">
4223 <AUTHOR name="Murray, Long" year="1985"/>
4227 <GENUS name="Chingkankousaurus" type="with">
4229 Ch'ing-kang-kou <LOW>village</LOW> lizard
4231 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
4232 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
4233 <PLACE name="China"/>
4234 <REMAINS content="scapula"/>
4235 <SPECIES name="fragilis">
4236 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1958"/>
4243 <GENUS name="Chinshakiangosaurus" type="with">
4244 <MISSPELLED name="Chinsakiangosaurus"/>
4248 <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
4249 <LENGTH value="13" q="1"/>
4251 <PLACE name="China"/>
4252 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
4253 <SPECIES name="zhongheensis" status="nudum">
4254 <AUTHOR name="Yeh" year="1975"/>
4256 <SPECIES name="chuhghoensis" status="unknown">
4257 <SYNONYM name="zhongheensis"/>
4260 <P> May have been the largest "prosauropod". </P>
4264 <GENUS name="Chirostenotes" type="with">
4268 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
4269 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
4270 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton, 3 feet, hand, sacrum, mandible, etc."/>
4271 <SPECIES name="pergracilis">
4272 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1924"/>
4274 <MASS value="20" q="1"/>
4276 <SPECIES name="elegans">
4277 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus elegans" status="objective"/>
4279 <SPECIES name="rarus">
4280 <SYNONYM name="Elmisaurus rarus" status="objective"/>
4282 <SPECIES name="sp.">
4284 <SPECIES name="sternbergi" original="Caenagnathus">
4285 <AUTHOR name="Cracraft" year="1971"/>
4286 <LENGTH value="1.7"/>
4287 <MASS value="50" q="1"/>
4289 <LOW>Charles M.</LOW> Sternberg's
4293 <P> <NOMEN name="Chirostenotes sternbergi"/> may be the same as
4294 <NOMEN name="C. pergracilis"/>, perhaps a different gender. Some material
4295 may belong to a new species. </P>
4299 <GENUS name="Chondrosteosaurus" type="with">
4301 cartilage bone lizard
4303 <LENGTH value="18" q="1"/>
4304 <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
4305 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
4306 <PLACE name="England"/>
4307 <REMAINS content="neck vertebrae"/>
4308 <SPECIES name="gigas" status="dubiumQ" original="Chondrosteus">
4309 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1876"/>
4314 <SPECIES name="becklessi">
4315 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus becklessi" status="objective"/>
4317 <SPECIES name="magnus">
4318 <SYNONYM name="Bothriospondylus magnus" status="objective"/>
4320 <SPECIES name="megalus">
4321 <AUTHOR name="Fox"/>
4322 <AUTHOR name="Blows" year="1983"/>
4329 <GENUS name="Chondrosteus">
4330 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1876"/>
4331 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Agassiz" year="1844"/>
4332 <SYNONYM name="Chondrosteosaurus"/>
4338 <GENUS name="Chuandongocoelurus" type="with">
4339 <MISSPELLED name="Chuandongosaurus"/>
4341 Chuandong <NOMEN name="Coelurus"/>
4344 <PLACE name="China"/>
4345 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, possibly also partial hindlimb, pelvis, fibula, scapula"/>
4346 <SPECIES name="primitivus" status="dubiumQ">
4347 <AUTHOR name="He" year="1984"/>
4353 <P> May be a <LINK content="coelurosaur"/>. </P>
4357 <GENUS name="Chuanjiesaurus" type="with">
4358 <MEANING>Chuanjie lizard</MEANING>
4359 <SPECIES name="anaensis">
4360 <AUTHOR name="Fang, Pang, Lü, Zhang, Pan, Wang, Li, Cheng" year="2000"/>
4361 <MEANING>from A'na</MEANING>
4364 <PLACE name="China"/>
4365 <ESSAY><P>Originally published as <B><I>C. a'naensis</I></B>, but the
4366 ICZN does not permit non-alphabetic characters in any taxon's name.</P></ESSAY>
4369 <GENUS name="Chubutisaurus" type="with">
4371 Chubut <LOW>Province</LOW> lizard
4373 <LENGTH value="23" q="1"/>
4374 <TIME value="Albian"/>
4375 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
4376 <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons"/>
4377 <SPECIES name="insignis">
4378 <AUTHOR name="del Corro" year="1974"/>
4381 <P> Although originally placed in its own family, <NOMEN
4382 name="Chubutisaurus"/> was considered a <LINK content="brachiosaurid"/>
4383 despite not having front legs longer than hind legs, like <NOMEN
4384 name="Brachiosaurus"/>. More recent analyses suggest that it
4385 is a very primitive <LINK content="titanosaur"/>.</P>
4389 <GENUS name="Chungkingosaurus" type="with">
4396 <PLACE name="China"/>
4397 <REMAINS content="incomplete skeleton, 3 fragmentary postcrania"/>
4398 <SPECIES name="jiangbeiensis">
4399 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
4403 <GENUS name="Cimoliornis">
4404 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1846"/>
4405 <SYNONYM name="Ornithocheirus"/>
4407 chalk <LOW>(<LINK content="Cretaceous"/>)</LOW> bird
4411 <GENUS name="Cionodon" type="with">
4412 <MISSPELLED name="Cinodon"/>
4416 <SPECIES name="arctatus" status="dubium">
4417 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1874"/>
4418 <SYNONYM name="Thespesius occidentalis"/>
4420 <SPECIES name="kyzylkumense">
4421 <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus kyzylkumensis" status="objective"/>
4423 <SPECIES name="stenopsis">
4424 <SYNONYM name="Thespesius stenopsis" status="objective"/>
4428 <GENUS name="Cladeiodon" type="with">
4429 <MISSPELLED name="Claderodon"/>
4430 <MISSPELLED name="Cladyodon"/>
4431 <MISSPELLED name="Kladeisteriodon"/>
4432 <MISSPELLED name="Kladyodon"/>
4436 <SPECIES name="lloydi" status="nudum">
4437 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1841"/>
4438 <SYNONYM name="Teratosaurus suevicus"/>
4442 <GENUS name="Claorhynchus" type="with">
4446 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
4447 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
4448 <REMAINS content="partial mandible"/>
4449 <SPECIES name="trihedris" status="dubium">
4450 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1892"/>
4456 <P> May be a <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/> or a <LINK content="ceratopsian"/>.
4461 <GENUS name="Claosaurus">
4462 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
4466 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
4467 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
4468 <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
4469 <REMAINS content="postcranium with skull fragments"/>
4470 <SPECIES name="agilis" original="Hadrosaurus">
4471 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
4476 <SPECIES name="affinis" status="dubium">
4477 <AUTHOR name="Wieland" year="1903"/>
4478 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens"/>
4480 <SPECIES name="annectens">
4481 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens" status="objective"/>
4485 <GENUS name="Clarencea" type="with">
4486 <MISSPELLED name="Clarenceia" author="Romer" year="1966"/>
4487 <MISSPELLED name="Clarencia" author="Brink" year="1959"/>
4488 <MISSPELLED name="Clarenica" author="Young" year="1964"/>
4489 <MISSPELLED name="Clarensia" author="Gow, Kitching" year="1988"/>
4490 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
4491 <AUTHOR name="Brink" year="1959"/>
4492 <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauria" incertae="1"/>
4496 <GENUS name="Clasmodosaurus" type="with">
4498 measured fragment lizard
4500 <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
4501 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
4502 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
4503 <SPECIES name="spatula" status="dubium" original="Clasmodon">
4504 <AUTHOR name="Ameghino" year="1899"/>
4506 spatula<LOW>-toothed</LOW>
4511 <GENUS name="Clepsysaurus" type="none">
4512 <AUTHOR name="Lea" year="1851"/>
4513 <PROPERTAXON name="Parasuchia"/>
4514 <SPECIES name="fraserianus">
4515 <SYNONYM name="Palaeosaurus2 fraserianus" status="objective"/>
4519 <GENUS name="Clevelanotyrannus" status="nudum">
4520 <AUTHOR name="Bakker, Williams, Currie"/>
4521 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Currie" year="1987"/>
4522 <SYNONYM name="Nanotyrannus"/>
4528 <GENUS name="Coelophysis" type="with">
4532 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
4536 <TIME section="late" value="Carnian" q="1"/>
4537 <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
4538 <PLACE name="Arizona, New Mexico"/>
4539 <PLACE name="Utah" q="1"/>
4540 <REMAINS content="several hundred skeletons (juvenile & adult)"/>
4541 <SPECIES name="bauri" status="conservandum" original="Coelurus">
4542 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1887"/>
4543 <AUTHOR name="Colbert" year="1964"/>
4545 <SPECIES name="holyokensis">
4546 <SYNONYM name="Podokesaurus holyokensis" status="objective"/>
4551 <SPECIES name="longicollis">
4552 <SYNONYM name="Coelurus longicollis" status="objective"/>
4554 <SPECIES name="posthumus">
4555 <SYNONYM name="Tanystropheus posthumus" status="objective"/>
4557 <SPECIES name="rhodesiensis">
4558 <SYNONYM name="Syntarsus rhodesiensis" status="objective"/>
4560 <SPECIES name="willistoni">
4561 <SYNONYM name="Tanystropheus willistoni" status="objective"/>
4564 <P> <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/>, a very common little hunter of the Late
4565 Triassic, came in two forms, "robust" and "gracile". These two forms, or
4566 "morphs", probably represent the two genders. </P>
4568 <P> There was a recent disagreement over the proper name for <NOMEN
4569 name="Coelophysis"/>. The type specimen (that is, the specimen used to
4570 define the genus) was rather fragmentary. Most of our knowledge of <NOMEN
4571 name="Coelophysis"/> comes instead from dozens of very well-preserved
4572 specimens found at a site called Ghost Ranch. Some scientists recently
4573 argued that the Ghost Ranch <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> might not
4574 necessarily be the same as the original <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/>
4575 specimen. They proposed a new name for the Ghost Ranch dinosaurs - <NOMEN
4576 name="Rioarribasaurus"/>. But by this time the association of the name
4577 <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/> with the Ghost Ranch material had become
4578 heavily entrenched in dinosaur terminology. The ICZN (International
4579 Committee on Zoological Nomenclature) voted to redefine the type specimen
4580 of <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/> as one of the Ghost Ranch specimens. So the
4581 name <NOMEN name="Rioarribasaurus"/> has been officially dropped. </P>
4583 <P> The original type material, which may or may not belong to the same kind
4584 of animal as the neotype, has been given its own (dubious) genus:
4585 <NOMEN name="Eucoelophysis"/> ("true <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/>"). </P>
4587 <P> A <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/> skull from the Carnegie Museum of
4588 Natural History became the first dinosaur fossil to be taken into space on
4589 January 22, 1998 when the Endeavor Space Shuttle took off for Mir Space
4594 <GENUS name="Coelosaurus" type="with">
4595 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Anonymous (Owen)" year="1854"/>
4596 <SPECIES name="antiquus">
4597 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus antiquus" status="objective"/>
4598 <MEANING>antique</MEANING>
4600 <SPECIES name="affinis">
4601 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus affinis" status="objective"/>
4605 <GENUS name="Coeluroides" type="with">
4607 <NOMEN name="Coelurus"/> form
4609 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
4610 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
4611 <PLACE name="India, Kazakhstan"/>
4612 <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae"/>
4613 <SPECIES name="largus" status="dubium">
4614 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
4621 <GENUS name="Coelurosauravus" type="with">
4622 <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
4623 <SPECIES name="elivensis">
4624 <AUTHOR name="Piveteau" year="1926"/>
4625 <PROPERTAXON name="Coelurosauravidae"/>
4628 <LINK content="coelurosaur"/> ancestor
4632 <GENUS name="Coelurosaurus" status="nudum">
4633 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1914"/>
4638 <P> A misspelling of <LINK content="Coelurosauria"/>, in reference to
4639 some indeterminate small <LINK content="theropod"/> material.</P>
4643 <GENUS name="Coelurus" type="with">
4648 <MASS value="20" q="1"/>
4649 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
4650 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
4651 <REMAINS content="postcranial material (single individual?)"/>
4652 <SPECIES name="fragilis">
4653 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
4658 <SPECIES name="agilis" status="dubium">
4659 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1884"/>
4660 <SYNONYM name="fragilis"/>
4665 <SPECIES name="bauri">
4666 <SYNONYM name="Coelophysis bauri" status="objective"/>
4668 <SPECIES name="daviesi">
4669 <SYNONYM name="Thecospondylus daviesi" status="objective"/>
4671 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
4672 <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus gracilis" status="objective"/>
4674 <SPECIES name="hermanni">
4675 <SYNONYM name="Ornitholestes hermanni" status="objective"/>
4677 <SPECIES name="longicollis">
4678 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1887"/>
4679 <SYNONYM name="Coelophysis bauri"/>
4683 <GENUS name="Coloborhynchus" type="none">
4684 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1874"/>
4685 <SYNONYM name="Criorhynchus"/>
4689 <SPECIES name="clavirostris">
4690 <PROPERTAXON name="Anhangueridae"/>
4694 <GENUS name="Colonosaurus">
4695 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
4696 <SYNONYM name="Ichthyornis"/>
4699 <GENUS name="Coloradia" type="with">
4700 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Blake" year="1863"/>
4702 <LOW>Los</LOW> Colorados <LOW>Formation one</LOW>
4704 <SPECIES name="brevis">
4705 <SYNONYM name="Coloradisaurus brevis" status="objective"/>
4709 <GENUS name="Coloradisaurus">
4710 <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1983"/>
4712 <LOW>Los</LOW> Colorados <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
4714 <LENGTH value="4" q="1"/>
4715 <TIME value="Norian"/>
4716 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
4717 <REMAINS content="skull" type="holo"/>
4718 <SPECIES name="brevis" original="Coloradia">
4719 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1978"/>
4725 <P> May be the adult version of <NOMEN name="Mussaurus"/>. </P>
4729 <GENUS name="Comodactylus" type="with">
4731 Como <LOW>Bluff</LOW> finger
4733 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
4734 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
4735 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
4736 <REMAINS content="metacarpal"/>
4737 <SPECIES name="ostromi">
4738 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1981"/>
4740 <LOW>John</LOW> Ostrom's
4745 <GENUS name="Compsognathus" type="with">
4751 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
4752 <PLACE name="France, Germany"/>
4753 <REMAINS content="2 skeletons (juvenile & adult)"/>
4754 <SPECIES name="longipes">
4755 <AUTHOR name="Wagner" year="1859"/>
4760 <SPECIES name="corallestris">
4761 <AUTHOR name="Demay, Thomel" year="1972"/>
4762 <SYNONYM name="longipes"/>
4764 <SPECIES name="primus">
4765 <SYNONYM name="Sinosauropteryx prima" status="objective"/>
4768 <P> One of the very smallest non-<LINK content="avian"/> <LINK
4769 content="dinosaurs"/>. </P>
4771 <P> There has been disagreement over the poorly preserved hand. One early
4772 restoration with a finned forelimb has been rejected. Usually it is
4773 depicted with two fingers, although it may well have had the usual
4774 theropod three, as its closest relative <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/>
4777 <P> The type specimen of <NOMEN name="Compsognathus corallestris"/> probably represents
4778 the adult form, while the type specimen of <NOMEN name="C. longipes"/> is
4779 probably a juvenile. The adult was found with 10 eggs and a skeleton
4780 inside. At first it was thought that the skeleton was of a fetal <NOMEN
4781 name="Compsognathus"/>, and that the animal gave live birth (ovoviviparity),
4782 but it turned out to be a <LINK content="lizard"/> (<NOMEN nolink="1"
4783 name="Bavarisaurus"/>). This is direct evidence of <NOMEN
4784 name="Compsognathus"/>' predatory nature. </P>
4788 <GENUS name="Compsosuchus" type="with">
4792 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
4793 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
4794 <PLACE name="India"/>
4795 <REMAINS content="neck vertebra"/>
4796 <SPECIES name="solus" status="dubiumQ">
4797 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
4801 <GENUS name="Conchoraptor" type="with">
4805 <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
4806 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
4807 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
4808 <REMAINS content="skull, fragmentary postcranium"/>
4809 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
4810 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1986"/>
4817 <GENUS name="Concornis" type="with">
4819 Cuenca <LOW>Province</LOW> bird
4822 <PLACE name="Spain"/>
4823 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium with feather impressions"/>
4824 <SPECIES name="lacustris">
4825 <AUTHOR name="Sanz, Buscalioni" year="1992"/>
4832 <GENUS name="Confuciusornis" type="with">
4836 <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
4837 <PLACE name="China"/>
4838 <SPECIES name="sanctus">
4839 <AUTHOR name="Hou, Zhou, Gu, Zhang" year="1995"/>
4843 <REMAINS content="hundreds of complete specimens with feather impressions"/>
4845 <SPECIES name="chuonzhous">
4846 <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1996"/>
4847 <REMAINS content="leg"/>
4849 <SPECIES name="dui">
4851 <SPECIES name="meidus">
4852 <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1996"/>
4853 <SYNONYM name="chuonzhous"/>
4855 <SPECIES name="shuzi">
4856 <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1996"/>
4857 <SYNONYM name="suniae"/>
4859 <SPECIES name="sp.">
4861 <SPECIES name="suniae">
4862 <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1996"/>
4863 <REMAINS content="complete specimen(s?)"/>
4866 <P> The earliest <LINK content="bird"/> known to have a true beak.
4867 Although toothless, it is probably independent of the two major radiations
4868 of toothless birds, <LINK content="enantiornitheans"/> and <LINK
4869 content="neornitheans"/>. </P>
4873 <GENUS name="Coniornis" type="with">
4875 chalk <LOW>(<LINK content="Cretaceous"/>)</LOW> bird
4877 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
4878 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
4879 <SPECIES name="altus">
4880 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1893"/>
4886 <P> A freshwater <LINK content="hesperornithid"/>, possibly a species of
4887 <NOMEN name="Hesperornis"/>. </P>
4891 <GENUS name="Corythosaurus" type="with">
4893 Corinthian <LOW>helmet</LOW> lizard
4895 <LENGTH value="10"/>
4896 <MASS value="3500"/>
4897 <MASS value="4000"/>
4898 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
4899 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
4900 <REMAINS content="10 skulls, associated postcrania"/>
4901 <SPECIES name="casuarius">
4902 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1914"/>
4904 cassowary<LOW>-like</LOW>
4907 <SPECIES name="bicristatus">
4908 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1935"/>
4909 <SYNONYM name="casuarius"/>
4914 <SPECIES name="brevicristatus">
4915 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1935"/>
4916 <SYNONYM name="casuarius"/>
4921 <SPECIES name="convincens">
4922 <AUTHOR name="Rozhdestvensky" year="1968"/>
4923 <SYNONYM name="Jaxartosaurus aralensis"/>
4925 <SPECIES name="excavatus">
4926 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1923"/>
4927 <SYNONYM name="casuarius"/>
4929 <SPECIES name="frontalis">
4930 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1935"/>
4931 <SYNONYM name="Lambeosaurus lambei"/>
4933 <SPECIES name="intermedius">
4934 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1923"/>
4935 <SYNONYM name="casuarius"/>
4937 <SPECIES name="selwyni">
4938 <SYNONYM name="Trachodon selwyni" status="objective"/>
4941 <P> One of the "<LINK content="helmeted duck-bills"/>", with a large, hollow,
4942 semicircular crest. One gender (female?) had smaller crests. </P>
4946 <GENUS name="Craspedodon" type="with">
4950 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
4951 <PLACE name="Belgium"/>
4952 <REMAINS content="3 teeth"/>
4953 <SPECIES name="lonzeensis" status="dubiumQ">
4954 <AUTHOR name="Dollo" year="1883"/>
4958 <GENUS name="Crataeomus" type="with">
4959 <SPECIES name="lepidophorus" status="dubium">
4960 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
4961 <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus transylvanicus"/>
4966 <SPECIES name="pawlowitschii">
4967 <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus pawlowitschii" status="objective"/>
4971 <GENUS name="Craterosaurus" type="with">
4975 <LENGTH value="4" q="1"/>
4976 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
4977 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
4978 <PLACE name="England"/>
4979 <REMAINS content="back vertebra"/>
4980 <SPECIES name="pottonensis" status="dubiumQ">
4981 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1874"/>
4984 <P> Possibly a <LINK content="huayangosaurid"/>. </P>
4988 <GENUS name="Creosaurus" type="with">
4992 <SPECIES name="atrox">
4993 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus atrox" status="objective"/>
4995 <SPECIES name="potens" status="dubium">
4996 <AUTHOR name="Lull" year="1911"/>
4997 <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus medius"/>
5001 <GENUS name="Cretornis">
5002 <AUTHOR name="Fritsch" year="1881"/>
5003 <SYNONYM name="Ornithocheirus"/>
5005 <LINK content="Cretaceous"/> bird
5009 <GENUS name="Criorhynchus" type="with">
5013 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
5014 <PLACE name="England"/>
5015 <SPECIES name="simus">
5016 <AUTHOR name="Hooley" year="1914"/>
5019 <P> Various other species have been named in this genus, which
5020 may be the same as <NOMEN name="Tropeognathus"/>. </P>
5024 <GENUS name="Cristatusaurus" type="with">
5029 <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
5030 <REMAINS content="premaxillae, partial maxilla, dentary, etc."/>
5031 <SPECIES name="lapparenti" status="dubiumQ">
5032 <AUTHOR name="Taquet, D. A. Russell" year="1998"/>
5034 <LOW>de</LOW> Lapparent's
5038 <P> May be the same as <NOMEN name="Baryonyx"/> or <NOMEN
5039 name="Suchomimus"/>. </P>
5043 <GENUS name="Cryolophosaurus" type="with">
5045 frozen crested lizard
5048 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
5049 <PLACE name="Antarctica"/>
5050 <REMAINS content="partial cranium, mandibles, pelvis, femur, vertebrae, fibula, tibiotarsus, metatarsals"/>
5051 <SPECIES name="elliotti">
5052 <AUTHOR name="Hammer, Hickerson" year="1994"/>
5055 <P> This is the oldest known <LINK content="carnosaur"/> (and the oldest
5056 known <LINK content="tetanuran"/>, for that matter). Also the only <LINK
5057 content="theropod"/> known from Antarctica, and the first <LINK
5058 content="dinosaur"/> from there to be described. It had an unusual crest
5059 projecting upwards from between its eyes. </P>
5061 <P>Before formally published, this animal was referred to in literature as
5062 <NOMEN name="Elvisaurus"/>, named for its pompadour-like crest.</P>
5066 <GENUS name="Cryptodraco">
5067 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
5071 <SPECIES name="eumerus">
5072 <SYNONYM name="Cryptosaurus eumerus" status="objective"/>
5076 <GENUS name="Cryptosaurus" status="dubium">
5080 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
5081 <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
5082 <PLACE name="England"/>
5083 <REMAINS content="femur"/>
5084 <SPECIES name="eumerus" status="dubium">
5085 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1875"/>
5088 <P> This genus was renamed <NOMEN name="Cryptodraco"/> because the name
5089 <NOMEN name="Cryptosaurus"/> was thought to be preoccupied, but this was
5090 not the case. (The other animal, a lizard, was actually named
5091 <NOMEN name="Cystosaurus" nolink="1"/>.) </P>
5095 <GENUS name="Ctenochasma">
5096 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1852"/>
5100 <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
5101 <REMAINS content="6 specimens (some complete)"/>
5102 <SPECIES name="gracilis" original="Pterodactylus">
5103 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1851"/>
5105 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
5106 <MEANING>gracile</MEANING>
5108 <SPECIES name="porocristata">
5109 <MEANING>porous-crested</MEANING>
5110 <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1975"/>
5111 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
5113 <SPECIES name="sp.">
5114 <AUTHOR name="Taquet" year="1972"/>
5115 <PLACE name="France"/>
5118 <P> This animal filter-fed using the 260 tiny teeth in its jaws. <NOMEN
5119 name="Ctenochasma porocristata"/> had a porous crest on its head. </P>
5123 <GENUS name="Cumnoria">
5124 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1888"/>
5126 Cumnor's <LOW>one</LOW>
5128 <SPECIES name="prestwichii">
5129 <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus prestwichii" status="objective"/>
5131 <SPECIES name="dispar">
5132 <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus dispar" status="objective"/>
5136 <GENUS name="Cuspirostrisornis" type="with">
5138 pointed rostrum bird
5140 <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
5141 <TIME value="Aptian" section="late" q="1"/>
5142 <PLACE name="China"/>
5143 <SPECIES name="houi">
5144 <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1997"/>
5145 <MEANING>Hou <LOW>Jifeng</LOW>'s</MEANING>
5147 <SPECIES name="jifengi">
5148 <SYNONYM name="houi"/>
5150 <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="V. 10897" content="complete skeleton"/>
5153 <GENUS name="Cycnorhamphus">
5154 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1870"/>
5158 <LENGTH value="1.4"/>
5159 <SPECIES name="suevicus" original="Pterodactylus">
5160 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
5161 <AUTHOR name="Quenstedt" year="1855"/>
5162 <MEANING>Swabian</MEANING>
5163 <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
5165 <SPECIES name="canjuerensis">
5166 <PLACE name="France"/>
5167 <AUTHOR name="Fabre" year="1974"/>
5170 <P> <NOMEN name="Cycnorhamphus canjuerensis"/> had a crest on the underside of its
5175 <GENUS name="Cylindricodon">
5176 <AUTHOR name="Owen"/>
5177 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Inglis, Sawyer" year="1979"/>
5178 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Jaeger" year="1828"/>
5179 <SYNONYM name="Hylaeosaurus"/>
5185 <GENUS name="Dacentrurus">
5186 <MISSPELLED name="Dacentrosaurus"/>
5187 <MISSPELLED name="Dacentrurosaurus"/>
5188 <MISSPELLED name="Dacentrus"/>
5189 <MISSPELLED name="Dicentrurus"/>
5190 <MISSPELLED name="Dacenturus"/>
5191 <AUTHOR name="Lucas" year="1902"/>
5195 <LENGTH value="10" q="1"/>
5196 <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
5197 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
5198 <PLACE name="England, France, Portugal"/>
5199 <REMAINS content="postcrania (1 nearly complete), 4 sacra, femora"/>
5200 <SPECIES name="armatus" original="Omosaurus">
5201 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1875"/>
5202 <MEANING>armed</MEANING>
5204 <SPECIES name="hastiger" status="dubium">
5205 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1877"/>
5206 <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
5208 <SPECIES name="lennieri">
5209 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1911"/>
5210 <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
5212 <SPECIES name="phillipsii" status="dubium" original="Omosaurus">
5213 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1893"/>
5214 <REMAINS content="partial femur"/>
5216 <SPECIES name="vetustus">
5217 <SYNONYM name="Lexovisaurus vetustus" status="objective"/>
5220 <P> The first <LINK content="stegosaur"/> to be discovered. <NOMEN
5221 name="Dacentrurus"/> was rather primitive, and had no plates, only spikes.
5226 <GENUS name="Dachongosaurus" type="with">
5227 <MISSPELLED name="Dachungosaurus"/>
5231 <TIME section="late" value="Sinemurian" q="1"/>
5232 <TIME value="Pliensbachian" q="1"/>
5233 <PLACE name="China"/>
5234 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
5235 <SPECIES name="yunnanensis" status="nudum">
5236 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
5238 from <LOW>the</LOW> Yunnan <LOW>Formation</LOW>
5243 <GENUS name="Dakosaurus">
5244 <AUTHOR name="Quenstedt" year="1856"/>
5245 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
5248 <GENUS name="Damalasaurus" type="with">
5253 <PLACE name="China"/>
5254 <SPECIES name="laticostalis" status="nudum">
5255 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
5257 <SPECIES name="magnus" status="nudum">
5258 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
5264 <P> Perhaps a <LINK content="brachiosaur"/>. </P>
5268 <GENUS name="Dandakosaurus" type="with">
5270 Dandak<LOW>ranya Forest</LOW> lizard
5272 <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
5273 <PLACE name="India"/>
5274 <REMAINS content="end of pubis"/>
5275 <SPECIES name="indicus" status="dubiumQ">
5276 <AUTHOR name="Yadagiri" year="1982"/>
5283 <GENUS name="Danubiosaurus" type="with">
5285 Danube <LOW>River</LOW> lizard
5287 <SPECIES name="anceps" status="dubium">
5288 <AUTHOR name="Bunzel" year="1871"/>
5289 <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus austriacus"/>
5293 <GENUS name="Daptosaurus" type="with">
5294 <SPECIES name="agilis" status="nudum">
5295 <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
5296 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Chure, McIntosh" year="1989"/>
5297 <SYNONYM name="Deinonychus antirrhopus"/>
5298 <MEANING>agile</MEANING>
5302 <GENUS name="Daspletosaurus" type="with">
5307 <MASS value="2000"/>
5308 <MASS value="3500"/>
5309 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
5310 <SPECIES name="torosus">
5311 <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell" year="1970"/>
5312 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
5313 <REMAINS content="skeletons (one nearly complete), skulls (1 complete), 3 partial hindlimbs, partial spine, partial upper jaw"/>
5315 <SPECIES name="sp.">
5316 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
5320 <GENUS name="Dasygnathoides">
5321 <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1961"/>
5322 <SYNONYM name="Ornithosuchus"/>
5325 <GENUS name="Dasygnathus">
5326 <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1877"/>
5327 <AUTHOR type="first" name="MacLeary" year="1819"/>
5328 <SYNONYM name="Dasygnathoides"/>
5331 <GENUS name="Datousaurus" type="with">
5333 big head/chieftain lizard
5335 <LENGTH value="14"/>
5336 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
5337 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
5338 <PLACE name="China"/>
5339 <REMAINS content="2 partial postcrania"/>
5340 <REMAINS content="jaws" q="1"/>
5341 <SPECIES name="bashanensis">
5342 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Tang" year="1984"/>
5346 <GENUS name="Deinocheirus" type="with">
5350 <LENGTH value="7" q="1"/>
5351 <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
5352 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
5353 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
5354 <SPECIES name="mirificus">
5355 <AUTHOR name="Osmólska, Roniewicz" year="1970"/>
5356 <REMAINS content="forelimbs"/>
5357 <REMAINS content="ribs, vertebrae" q="1"/>
5359 <SPECIES name="sp.">
5360 <REMAINS museum="ZPAL" id="MgD-I/64"/>
5363 <P> The incredible <NOMEN name="Deinocheirus"/> is known only from two
5364 enormous, eight-foot-long (2.5m) arms with 10-inch claws. The arms are
5365 similar to those of <LINK content="ornithomimids"/>, although the digits
5366 and claws are more curved. <NOMEN name="Deinocheirus"/> may have been on
5367 the same scale as the largest of <LINK content="theropods"/>. It lived
5368 alongside <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/>, another bizarre theropod with
5373 <GENUS name="Deinodon" type="with">
5374 <MISSPELLED name="Dinodon"/>
5378 <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
5379 <LENGTH value="9" q="1"/>
5380 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
5381 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
5382 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
5383 <SPECIES name="horridus" status="dubium">
5384 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1856"/>
5386 <SPECIES name="amplus">
5387 <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon amplus" status="objective"/>
5389 <SPECIES name="arctunguis">
5390 <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus arctunguis" status="objective"/>
5392 <SPECIES name="cristatus">
5393 <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus cristatus" status="objective"/>
5395 <SPECIES name="cristatus2">
5396 <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon cristatus" status="objective"/>
5398 <SPECIES name="explanatus">
5399 <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus explanatus" status="objective"/>
5401 <SPECIES name="falculus">
5402 <SYNONYM name="Laelaps falculus" status="objective"/>
5404 <SPECIES name="grandis">
5405 <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus grandis" status="objective"/>
5407 <SPECIES name="hazenianus">
5408 <SYNONYM name="Laelaps hazenianus" status="objective"/>
5410 <SPECIES name="incrassatus" status="dubium">
5411 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
5412 <SYNONYM name="horridus"/>
5414 <SPECIES name="kenabekides">
5415 <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus kenabekides" status="objective"/>
5417 <SPECIES name="laevifrons">
5418 <SYNONYM name="Laelaps laevifrons" status="objective"/>
5420 <SPECIES name="lancensis">
5421 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancensis" status="objective"/>
5423 <SPECIES name="lateralis">
5424 <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon lateralis" status="objective"/>
5426 <SPECIES name="libratus">
5427 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus libratus" status="objective"/>
5429 <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
5430 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus novojilovi" status="objective"/>
5432 <SPECIES name="periculosus">
5433 <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus periculosus" status="objective"/>
5435 <SPECIES name="sarcophagus">
5436 <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus sarcophagus" status="objective"/>
5438 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
5439 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus sternbergi" status="objective"/>
5442 <P> One of the first American <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> to be named,
5443 this dubious tooth taxon could be the same thing as <NOMEN
5444 name="Gorgosaurus"/> or <NOMEN name="Albertosaurus"/>. </P>
5448 <GENUS name="Deinonychus" type="with">
5452 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
5456 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
5457 <TIME value="Albian"/>
5458 <PLACE name="Montana, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Utah"/>
5459 <PLACE name="Maryland" q="1"/>
5460 <REMAINS content="over 9 skeletons (adult and subadult), teeth"/>
5461 <SPECIES name="antirrhopus">
5462 <AUTHOR name="Ostrom" year="1969"/>
5464 <SPECIES name="koreanensis" status="nudum">
5465 <AUTHOR year="1993"/>
5466 <MEANING>from Korea</MEANING>
5467 <SYNONYM name="Koreanosaurus sp."/>
5471 <GENUS name="Deltadromeus" type="with">
5476 <MASS value="3500"/>
5477 <MASS value="4000"/>
5479 <PLACE name="Africa"/>
5480 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium, teeth"/>
5481 <SPECIES name="agilis">
5482 <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Duthiel, Iarochene, Larsson, Lyon, Magwene, Sidor, Varicchio, J. A. Wilson" year="1996"/>
5489 <GENUS name="Dendrorhynchoides">
5490 <AUTHOR year="1999"/>
5491 <MEANING><NOMEN name="Dendrorhynchus"/> form</MEANING>
5492 <SPECIES name="curvidentatus" original="Dendrorhynchus">
5493 <REMAINS museum="GMV" id="2128" type="holo" content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
5494 <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
5495 <PLACE name="China"/>
5496 <AUTHOR year="1999"/>
5497 <MEANING>curve-toothed</MEANING>
5501 <GENUS name="Dendrorhynchus">
5502 <AUTHOR type="first"/>
5503 <MEANING><LOW>family</LOW> tree <LOW>of</LOW> <NOMEN name="Rhamphorhynchus"/></MEANING>
5504 <SPECIES name="curvidentatus">
5505 <SYNONYM name="Dendrorhynchoides curvidentatus" status="objective"/>
5509 <GENUS name="Denversaurus" type="with">
5510 <MEANING>Denver lizard</MEANING>
5511 <SPECIES name="schlessmani">
5512 <SYNONYM name="Edmontonia schlessmani" status="objective"/>
5516 <GENUS name="Dermodactylus" status="dubium">
5517 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
5518 <MEANING>skin finger</MEANING>
5520 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
5521 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
5522 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
5523 <REMAINS content="metacarpal fragment"/>
5524 <SPECIES name="montanus" status="dubium" original="Pterodactylus">
5531 <GENUS name="Dianchungosaurus" type="with">
5532 <MEANING>Dianchung lizard</MEANING>
5534 <PLACE name="China"/>
5535 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull"/>
5536 <SPECIES name="lufengensis" status="dubium">
5537 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1982"/>
5539 from <LOW>the</LOW> Lufeng <LOW>Formation</LOW>
5542 <SPECIES name="elegans" status="nudum">
5543 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
5544 <SYNONYM name="lufengensis"/>
5548 <GENUS name="Diceratops">
5549 <AUTHOR name="Hatcher" year="1905"/>
5550 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Lull" year="1907"/>
5551 <MEANING>two-horned face</MEANING>
5553 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
5554 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
5555 <REMAINS content="cranium"/>
5556 <SPECIES name="hatcheri" original="Triceratops">
5557 <AUTHOR name="Lull" year="1907"/>
5560 <P> Considered for a long time as a species of <NOMEN
5561 name="Triceratops"/>, this genus was recently resurrected. </P>
5565 <GENUS name="Diclonius" type="with">
5566 <MEANING>double stick</MEANING>
5567 <SPECIES name="pentagonus" status="dubium">
5568 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
5569 <SYNONYM name="Thespesius stenopsis"/>
5574 <SPECIES name="calamarius" status="nudum">
5575 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
5576 <SYNONYM name="pentagonus"/>
5578 <SPECIES name="mirabilis">
5579 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1883"/>
5580 <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan copei"/>
5581 <SYNONYM name="Trachodon mirabilis"/>
5583 <SPECIES name="perangulatus" status="dubium">
5584 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
5585 <SYNONYM name="pentagonus"/>
5589 <GENUS name="Dicraeosaurus" type="with">
5590 <MEANING>forked lizard</MEANING>
5591 <LENGTH value="13"/>
5592 <LENGTH value="20"/>
5593 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
5594 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
5595 <SPECIES name="hansemanni">
5596 <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1914"/>
5597 <REMAINS content="postcranium missing forelimbs, 2 partial skeletons, vertebrae, limb elements"/>
5599 <SPECIES name="brancai">
5600 <SYNONYM name="Giraffatitan brancai" status="objective"/>
5601 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Lambrecht" year="1933"/>
5603 <SPECIES name="sattleri">
5604 <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1914"/>
5605 <REMAINS content="partial postcrania"/>
5609 <GENUS name="Didanodon">
5610 <MISSPELLED name="Didamodon"/>
5611 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1902"/>
5612 <SPECIES name="altidens">
5613 <SYNONYM name="Trachodon altidens" status="objective"/>
5617 <GENUS name="Dilophosaurus">
5618 <AUTHOR name="Welles" year="1970"/>
5619 <MEANING>double-crested lizard</MEANING>
5624 <TIME section="late" value="Sinemurian"/>
5625 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
5626 <SPECIES name="wetherilli" original="Megalosaurus">
5627 <AUTHOR name="Welles" year="1954"/>
5628 <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
5629 <REMAINS content="skeletons, fragments"/>
5631 <SPECIES name="breedorum">
5632 <MEANING>The Breeds' <LOW>(including William J.)</LOW></MEANING>
5633 <REMAINS museum="UCMP" id="77270"/>
5634 <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
5635 <AUTHOR name="Welles" year="1995"/>
5636 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Welles, Pickering" year="1999"/>
5638 <SPECIES name="sinensis" q="1">
5639 <AUTHOR name="Hu" year="1993"/>
5640 <PLACE name="China"/>
5641 <MEANING>from China</MEANING>
5642 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
5645 <P> <NOMEN name="Dilophosaurus"/> sported a pair of thin crests
5646 running from above the nostrils to the back of the head.
5647 (At least, <NOMEN name="D. breedorum"/> and <NOMEN name="D. sinensis"/>
5648 did -- that part of the skull is unknown for <NOMEN name="D. wetherilli"/>.)
5649 These frills were probably ornamental in nature. </P>
5651 <P> <NOMEN name="Dilophosaurus"/> was featured in the blockbuster movie
5652 <U>Jurassic Park</U>. Considerable liberties were taken with the
5653 restoration. Real <NOMEN name="Dilophosaurus"/> were much larger than their
5654 Jurassic Park counterparts. There is no evidence that they had neck frills or poison
5655 glands. In fact, <NOMEN name="Dilophosaurus"/> was the largest predator in
5656 its environment and had no need to be poisonous. Furthermore, Jurassic Park's
5657 dilophosaurs had jaws simplified beyond recognition (the cool kink was
5658 utterly smoothed out). </P>
5660 <P> <NOMEN name="D. sinensis"/> had taller, more robust crests. It may not
5661 belong to this genus. </P>
5665 <GENUS name="Dimodosaurus" type="with">
5666 <SPECIES name="poligniensis">
5667 <AUTHOR name="Pidancet, Chopard" year="1862"/>
5668 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
5672 <GENUS name="Dimorphodon" type="with">
5673 <MEANING>two form teeth</MEANING>
5674 <LENGTH value="1.4"/>
5676 <PLACE name="England"/>
5677 <REMAINS content="several specimens"/>
5678 <SPECIES name="macronyx">
5679 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1859"/>
5686 <GENUS name="Dinheirosaurus" type="with">
5687 <SPECIES name="lourinhanensis">
5688 <MEANING>from Lourinhã</MEANING>
5689 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Mateus" year="1999"/>
5692 <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
5695 <GENUS name="Dinodocus" type="with">
5699 <SPECIES name="mackesoni">
5700 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus mackesoni" status="objective"/>
5704 <GENUS name="Dinosaurus" type="with">
5705 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Fischer de Waldheim" year="1847"/>
5709 <SPECIES name="gresslyi" status="dubium">
5710 <AUTHOR name="Rütimeyer" year="1856"/>
5711 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
5714 The name <NOMEN name="Dinosaurus" nolink="1"/> was first given to
5715 a species of <NOMEN name="Rhopalodon"/>.
5719 <GENUS name="Dinosaurus2" status="unknown">
5720 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Fischer de Waldheim" year="1847"/>
5724 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
5725 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
5726 <PLACE name="India"/>
5727 <REMAINS content="tail vertebra, fragmentary ribs"/>
5729 <P> Named for some scrappy remains, but the name <NOMEN
5730 name="Dinosaurus"/> was already given to another <LINK
5731 content="dinosaur"/> which turned out to be the same thing as <NOMEN
5732 name="Plateosaurus"/>. (And in fact even then the name had already been
5733 given to another creature!) </P>
5737 <GENUS name="Dinotyrannus">
5738 <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky"/>
5739 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Olshevsky, Ford, Yamamoto" year="1995"/>
5740 <MEANING>terrible tyrant</MEANING>
5741 <SPECIES name="megagracilis">
5742 <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus megagracilis" status="objective"/>
5746 <GENUS name="Diopocephalus">
5747 <AUTHOR name="E. Fraas" year="1885"/>
5752 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
5753 <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="1.4"/>
5754 <REMAINS content="complete skeleton"/>
5755 <SPECIES name="longicollum" original="Pterodactylus">
5759 <GENUS name="Diplodocus" type="with">
5763 <LENGTH value="27"/>
5764 <MASS value="6000"/>
5765 <MASS value="20000"/>
5766 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
5767 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
5768 <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah, Wyoming"/>
5769 <SPECIES name="longus">
5770 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
5774 <REMAINS content="2 skulls, partial tails"/>
5776 <SPECIES name="carnegiei">
5777 <AUTHOR name="Hatcher" year="1901"/>
5778 <REMAINS content="5 skeletons, 2 skulls, elements"/>
5780 <LOW>Andrew</LOW> Carnegie's
5783 <SPECIES name="hallorum">
5784 <SYNONYM type="objective" name="Seismosaurus hallorum"/>
5786 <SPECIES name="hayi">
5787 <AUTHOR name="Holland" year="1924"/>
5788 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium with braincase"/>
5790 <SPECIES name="lacustris" status="dubiumQ">
5791 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1884"/>
5792 <SYNONYM name="longus"/>
5796 <REMAINS content="lower jaw"/>
5798 <SPECIES name="reedi">
5799 <AUTHOR name="Breihaupt" year="1990"/>
5800 <SYNONYM name="carnegiei"/>
5803 <P> Once known as the longest <LINK content="dinosaur"/> (although others
5804 have now replaced it). </P>
5806 <P> A recent find with skin impressions show a row of spines going down
5807 the back. Other <LINK content="sauropods"/> may have shared this trait.
5812 <GENUS name="Diplotomodon" status="dubium">
5813 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1868"/>
5815 double cutting tooth
5818 <PLACE name="New Jersey"/>
5819 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
5820 <SPECIES name="horrificus" status="dubium" original="Tomodon">
5821 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1865"/>
5827 <P> Similar to <NOMEN name="Dryptosaurus"/>. </P>
5831 <GENUS name="Diracodon" type="with">
5835 <SPECIES name="laticeps">
5836 <SYNONYM name="Stegosaurus laticeps" status="objective"/>
5838 <SPECIES name="stenops">
5839 <SYNONYM name="Stegosaurus stenops" status="objective"/>
5843 <GENUS name="Dolichosuchus" type="with">
5847 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
5848 <TIME value="Norian"/>
5849 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
5850 <REMAINS content="tibia"/>
5851 <SPECIES name="cristatus" status="dubium">
5852 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
5859 <GENUS name="Doratodon">
5860 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
5861 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
5864 <GENUS name="Doratorhynchus" type="with">
5868 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
5869 <TIME value="Berriasian"/>
5870 <PLACE name="England"/>
5871 <REMAINS content="neck vertebra"/>
5872 <SPECIES name="validus">
5873 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1875"/>
5880 <GENUS name="Dorygnathus" type="with">
5885 <TIME section="late" value="EJ"/>
5886 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
5887 <SPECIES name="banthensis">
5888 <AUTHOR name="Wagner" year="1860"/>
5890 <SPECIES name="mistelgauensis">
5891 <AUTHOR name="Wild" year="1971"/>
5895 <GENUS name="Doryphorosaurus">
5897 spear-bearing lizard
5899 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1916"/>
5900 <SPECIES name="aethiopicus">
5901 <SYNONYM name="Kentrosaurus aethiopicus" status="objective"/>
5902 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Nopcsa" year="1916"/>
5906 <GENUS name="Dracopelta" type="with">
5910 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
5911 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
5912 <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
5913 <REMAINS content="partial rib cage, armor"/>
5914 <SPECIES name="zbyszewskii">
5915 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1980"/>
5919 <GENUS name="Dravidosaurus" type="with">
5920 <PROPERTAXON name="Sauropterygia"/>
5922 Dravid<LOW>anadu</LOW> lizard
5924 <SPECIES name="blanfordi">
5925 <AUTHOR name="Yadagiri, Ayyasami" year="1979"/>
5926 <PROPERTAXON name="Plesiosauria"/>
5930 <GENUS name="Drinker" type="with">
5932 <LOW>Edward</LOW> Drinker <LOW>Cope's one</LOW>
5935 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
5936 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
5937 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
5938 <REMAINS content="adult (tooth, tail vertebrae, partial toes), subadult (partial jaws, centra, partial limbs), juvenile (tooth, centra, humerus, toe, femur, astragalus, radius, metatarsals)"/>
5939 <SPECIES name="nisti">
5940 <AUTHOR name="Bakker, Galton, Siegwarth, Filla" year="1990"/>
5943 <P> Possessed a flexible tail. </P>
5947 <GENUS name="Dromaeosaurus" type="with">
5951 <LENGTH value="1.8"/>
5952 <MASS value="15" q="1"/>
5953 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
5954 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
5955 <REMAINS content="incomplete skull, pedal elements, fragments"/>
5956 <REMAINS content="toe claw" q="1"/>
5957 <SPECIES name="albertensis">
5958 <AUTHOR name="Matthew, Brown" year="1922"/>
5963 <SPECIES name="abradens">
5964 <SYNONYM name="Zapsalis abradens" status="objective"/>
5966 <SPECIES name="cristatus" status="dubium" original="Laelaps">
5967 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
5972 <SPECIES name="explanatus" status="dubium" original="Laelaps">
5973 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
5975 <SPECIES name="falculus">
5976 <SYNONYM name="Laelaps falculus" status="objective"/>
5978 <SPECIES name="gracilis" status="dubium" original="Coelurus">
5979 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1888"/>
5980 <MEANING>gracile</MEANING>
5982 <SPECIES name="laevifrons">
5983 <SYNONYM name="Laelaps laevifrons" status="objective"/>
5985 <SPECIES name="lateralis">
5986 <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon lateralis" status="objective"/>
5988 <SPECIES name="minutus">
5989 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus minutus" status="objective"/>
5993 <GENUS name="Dromiceiomimus">
5994 <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell" year="1972"/>
5998 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
6001 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
6002 <SPECIES name="brevitertius" original="Struthiomimus">
6003 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1926"/>
6004 <TIME section="latest" value="Campanian"/>
6005 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
6006 <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
6008 <SPECIES name="samueli" original="Struthiomimus">
6009 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1928"/>
6010 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
6011 <REMAINS content="specimens (adult & juvenile)"/>
6014 <P> Somewhat longer-limbed than other <LINK content="ornithomimids"/>.
6015 <NOMEN name="Dromiceiomimus samueli"/> may be ancestral to
6016 <NOMEN name="D. brevitertius"/>. </P>
6020 <GENUS name="Dromicosaurus" type="with">
6021 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
6022 <AUTHOR name="van Hoepen" year="1920"/>
6023 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
6030 <GENUS name="Dryosaurus">
6031 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1894"/>
6035 <LENGTH value="2.7"/>
6036 <LENGTH value="4.3"/>
6037 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
6038 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
6039 <SPECIES name="altus" original="Laosaurus">
6040 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
6041 <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah, Wyoming"/>
6045 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton, infant specimen, teeth, postcranial elements"/>
6047 <SPECIES name="canaliculatus">
6048 <SYNONYM name="Valdosaurus canaliculatus" status="objective"/>
6050 <SPECIES name="grandis" status="dubium">
6051 <AUTHOR name="Lull" year="1911"/>
6052 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus affinis"/>
6054 <SPECIES name="lettowvorbecki" original="Dysalotosaurus">
6055 <MISSPELLED name="lettow-vorbecki"/>
6056 <AUTHOR name="Virchow" year="1919"/>
6057 <AUTHOR type="emended" name="Galton" year="1977"/>
6058 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Galton" year="1977"/>
6059 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
6060 <REMAINS content="skeletal elements"/>
6064 <GENUS name="Dryptosauroides" type="with">
6066 <NOMEN name="Dryptosaurus"/> form
6068 <LENGTH value="6" q="1"/>
6070 <PLACE name="India"/>
6071 <REMAINS content="6 vertebrae"/>
6072 <SPECIES name="grandis" status="dubium">
6073 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
6080 <GENUS name="Dryptosaurus">
6081 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
6086 <MASS value="1500" q="1"/>
6087 <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian"/>
6088 <PLACE name="New Jersey"/>
6089 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
6090 <SPECIES name="aquilunguis" original="Laelaps">
6091 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1866"/>
6096 <SPECIES name="antiquus">
6097 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus antiquus" status="objective"/>
6099 <SPECIES name="cristatus">
6100 <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus cristatus" status="objective"/>
6102 <SPECIES name="explanatus">
6103 <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus explanatus" status="objective"/>
6105 <SPECIES name="falculus">
6106 <SYNONYM name="Laelaps falculus" status="objective"/>
6108 <SPECIES name="gallicus" status="dubium" original="Laelaps">
6109 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1867"/>
6111 <SPECIES name="hazenianus">
6112 <SYNONYM name="Laelaps hazenianus" status="objective"/>
6114 <SPECIES name="incrassatus">
6115 <SYNONYM name="Deinodon incrassatus" status="objective"/>
6117 <SPECIES name="kenabekides" status="dubium">
6118 <AUTHOR name="Hay" year="1899"/>
6119 <SYNONYM name="Deinodon horridus"/>
6121 <SPECIES name="laevifrons">
6122 <SYNONYM name="Laelaps laevifrons" status="objective"/>
6124 <SPECIES name="macropus" status="dubium">
6125 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1868"/>
6126 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus antiquus"/>
6131 <SPECIES name="medius" status="dubium" original="Allosaurus">
6132 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1888"/>
6134 <SPECIES name="potens">
6135 <SYNONYM name="Creosaurus potens" status="objective"/>
6137 <SPECIES name="saharicus">
6138 <SYNONYM name="Carcharodontosaurus saharicus" status="objective"/>
6139 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Depéret, Savornin" year="1928"/>
6141 <SPECIES name="sarcophagus">
6142 <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus sarcophagus" status="objective"/>
6144 <SPECIES name="trihedrodon">
6145 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus trihedrodon" status="objective"/>
6148 <P> Once considered a <LINK content="megalosaur"/> (in fact, it was at one
6149 time used as a subgenus of <NOMEN name="Megalosaurus"/>), this
6150 medium-sized predator is now recognized as a basal <LINK
6151 content="coelurosaur"/>, albeit a very late-occurring one. </P>
6153 <P> Some other large-ish, late-surviving, basal coelurosaurs, like <NOMEN
6154 name="Deltadromeus"/> seem to have some commonalities with <NOMEN
6155 name="Dryptosaurus"/>. Together they may form a clade (Dryptosauridae).
6160 <GENUS name="Dsungaripterus" type="with">
6162 Junggar <LOW>Basin</LOW> wing
6164 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
6165 <SPECIES name="weii">
6166 <REMAINS content="several specimens"/>
6168 <PLACE name="China"/>
6169 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1964"/>
6171 <SPECIES name="brancai" q="1">
6173 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
6174 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1980"/>
6178 <GENUS name="Dynamosaurus" type="with">
6182 <SPECIES name="imperiosus">
6183 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1905"/>
6184 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus rex"/>
6188 <REMAINS museum="BMNH" content="lower jaws, vertebrae, ribs" type="holo"/>
6192 <GENUS name="Dyoplosaurus" type="with">
6193 <MISSPELLED name="Dioplosaurus"/>
6194 <SPECIES name="acutosquameus">
6195 <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus acutosquameus" status="objective"/>
6197 <SPECIES name="giganteus">
6198 <SYNONYM name="Tarchia gigantea" status="objective"/>
6205 <GENUS name="Dysalotosaurus" type="with">
6207 hard-to-catch lizard
6209 <MISSPELLED name="Dypsalotosaurus" author="Galton" year="1973"/>
6210 <MISSPELLED name="Dysalatosaurus" author="Nopcsa" year="1929"/>
6211 <MISSPELLED name="Dysalotasaurus" author="Ostrom" year="1970"/>
6212 <SPECIES name="lettowvorbecki">
6213 <SYNONYM name="Dryosaurus lettowvorbecki" status="objective"/>
6217 <GENUS name="Dysganus" type="with">
6219 bad brightness <LOW>(tooth enamel)</LOW>
6221 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
6222 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
6223 <SPECIES name="encaustus" status="dubium">
6224 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
6225 <REMAINS content="tooth, tooth fragments"/>
6227 <SPECIES name="bicarinatus" status="dubium">
6228 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
6229 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
6231 <SPECIES name="haydenianus" status="dubium">
6232 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
6233 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
6235 <SPECIES name="peiganus" status="dubium">
6236 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
6237 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
6241 <GENUS name="Dyslocosaurus" type="with">
6243 hard-to-place lizard
6245 <LENGTH value="17"/>
6246 <LENGTH value="18"/>
6247 <MASS value="5000"/>
6248 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian" q="1"/>
6249 <TIME value="Tithonian" q="1"/>
6250 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
6251 <REMAINS content="partial hindlimbs"/>
6252 <SPECIES name="polyonychius">
6253 <AUTHOR name="MacIntosh, Coombs, D. A. Russell" year="1992"/>
6259 <P> It is unclear whether <NOMEN name="Dyslocosaurus"/> remains came from the
6260 0 Formation or the Lance Formation. This uncertainty gives it its
6261 name. It may come from the Late Jurassic, like most other diplodocids, or
6262 it may be from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), and therefore the
6263 latest <LINK content="diplodocid"/> known. </P>
6267 <GENUS name="Dystrophaeus" type="with">
6271 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
6272 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
6273 <PLACE name="Utah"/>
6274 <REMAINS content="scapula, ulna, partial forefoot"/>
6275 <SPECIES name="viamalae" status="dubiumQ">
6276 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
6280 <GENUS name="Dystylosaurus" type="with">
6284 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
6285 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
6286 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
6287 <REMAINS content="back vertebrae"/>
6288 <SPECIES name="edwini">
6289 <AUTHOR name="Jensen" year="1985"/>
6292 <P> May be the same thing as <NOMEN name="Supersaurus vivianae"/>. </P>
6296 <GENUS name="Echinodon" type="with">
6297 <MISSPELLED name="Echinosaurus"/>
6301 <LENGTH value="0.6" q="1"/>
6302 <SPECIES name="becklessi">
6303 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1861"/>
6304 <PLACE name="England"/>
6305 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
6306 <REMAINS content="3 fragmentary skulls, scutes"/>
6309 <P> Possibly a basal <LINK content="thyreophoran"/> related to <NOMEN
6310 name="Scutellosaurus"/>. Also suggested as a <LINK
6311 content="heterodontosaurid"/>. </P>
6315 <GENUS name="Echizensaurus" status="unpublished">
6317 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
6318 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
6321 <GENUS name="Edmarka" type="with">
6323 <LOW>William</LOW> Edmark's <LOW>one</LOW>
6325 <LENGTH value="11"/>
6326 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
6327 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
6328 <REMAINS content="left jugal, ribs, scapulocoracoid"/>
6329 <SPECIES name="rex">
6330 <AUTHOR name="Bakker, Krails, Siegwarth, Filla" year="1992"/>
6336 <P> May belong to <NOMEN name="Torvosaurus"/>. </P>
6340 <GENUS name="Edmontonia" type="with">
6342 <LOW>the</LOW> Edmonton <LOW>Group's one</LOW>
6346 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
6347 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
6348 <SPECIES name="logiceps">
6349 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1928"/>
6350 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
6351 <REMAINS content="4 specimens"/>
6353 <SPECIES name="australis">
6354 <MEANING>southern</MEANING>
6355 <AUTHOR name="Ford" year="2000"/>
6357 <SPECIES name="rugosidens" original="Palaeoscincus">
6358 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1930"/>
6359 <PLACE name="Montana, S. Dakota, Texas, Alberta"/>
6360 <REMAINS content="4 specimens"/>
6362 <SPECIES name="schlessmani" original="Denversaurus">
6363 <AUTHOR name="Bakker" year="1988"/>
6364 <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
6365 <REMAINS content="skull, teeth, armor fragments"/>
6367 <SPECIES name="sp.">
6368 <PLACE name="Alaska"/>
6371 <P> <NOMEN name="Edmontonia schlessmani"/> may be the same as
6372 <NOMEN name="E. rugosidens"/>. </P>
6376 <GENUS name="Edmontosaurus" type="with">
6378 Edmonton <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
6380 <LENGTH value="13"/>
6381 <MASS value="3000"/>
6382 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
6383 <SPECIES name="regalis">
6384 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1917"/>
6385 <PLACE name="Alberta, Colorado, N. Dakota, S. Dakota, Wyoming"/>
6386 <REMAINS content="several specimens, 7 skulls"/>
6391 <SPECIES name="altispinus" status="nudum">
6392 <AUTHOR name="Benton" year="1993"/>
6393 <SYNONYM name="regalis"/>
6398 <SPECIES name="annectens" original="Claosaurus">
6399 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
6400 <PLACE name="Alberta, Colorado, Montana, Saskatchewan, S. Dakota, Wyoming"/>
6401 <REMAINS content="5 specimens, skull elements"/>
6403 <SPECIES name="copei">
6404 <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan copei" status="objective"/>
6406 <LOW>Edward Drinker</LOW> Cope's
6409 <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
6410 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1924"/>
6411 <SYNONYM name="annectens"/>
6413 from <LOW>the</LOW> Edmonton <LOW>Group</LOW>
6416 <SPECIES name="minor">
6417 <SYNONYM name="Hadrosaurus minor" status="objective"/>
6419 <SPECIES name="minor2">
6420 <SYNONYM name="Hadrosaurus minor2" status="objective"/>
6422 <SPECIES name="saskatchewanensis" original="Thespesius">
6423 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1926"/>
6424 <PLACE name="Saskatchewan"/>
6425 <REMAINS content="several skulls (1 complete)"/>
6430 <SPECIES name="sp.">
6431 <PLACE name="Alaska"/>
6435 <GENUS name="Efraasia">
6436 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1973"/>
6438 E. Fraas' <LOW>one</LOW>
6440 <SPECIES name="diagnostica">
6441 <SYNONYM name="Thecodontosaurus diagnosticus" status="objective"/>
6445 <GENUS name="Einiosaurus" type="with">
6450 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
6451 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
6452 <REMAINS content="3 skulls, elements from individuals of various ages"/>
6453 <SPECIES name="procurvicornis">
6454 <AUTHOR name="Sampson" year="1995"/>
6456 <LOW>with</LOW> forward-curving horn
6460 <P> The nasal horn of <NOMEN name="Einiosaurus"/> curved forward, looking
6461 something like a bottle-opener. </P>
6465 <GENUS name="Elaphrosaurus" type="with">
6471 <SPECIES name="bambergi">
6472 <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1920"/>
6473 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
6474 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
6475 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
6477 <SPECIES name="agilis">
6478 <SYNONYM name="Coelurus agilis" status="objective"/>
6479 <MEANING>agile</MEANING>
6481 <SPECIES name="gautieri">
6482 <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent" year="1960"/>
6483 <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
6484 <TIME value="Albian"/>
6485 <TIME value="Cenomanian" section="early"/>
6486 <PLACE name="Africa"/>
6487 <REMAINS content="limb elements"/>
6489 <SPECIES name="iguidensis">
6490 <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent" year="1960"/>
6491 <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
6492 <TIME value="Albian"/>
6493 <TIME value="Cenomanian" section="early"/>
6494 <PLACE name="Africa"/>
6495 <REMAINS content="limb elements"/>
6497 <SPECIES name="philtippettorum" status="nudum" q="1">
6498 <MEANING>Phil Tippett's <LOW>studio's</LOW></MEANING>
6499 <AUTHOR name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
6500 <PLACE name="Colorado" q="1"/>
6501 <REMAINS content="humerus" q="1" museum="USNM" id="8415"/>
6503 <SPECIES name="sp.">
6504 <TIME value="Albian"/>
6505 <TIME value="Cenomanian" section="early"/>
6506 <PLACE name="Africa"/>
6509 <P> <NOMEN name="Elaphrosaurus"/> remains are not complete, and it was
6510 originally classified with the <LINK content="ornithomimosaurs"/>, or
6511 "ostrich mimics". Placement is still uncertain, although most likely it is
6512 some type of <LINK content="ceratosaur"/>. </P>
6516 <GENUS name="Elmisaurus" type="with">
6521 <MASS value="15" q="1"/>
6522 <MASS value="45" q="1"/>
6523 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
6524 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
6525 <SPECIES name="rarus">
6526 <AUTHOR name="Osmólska" year="1981"/>
6531 <SPECIES name="elegans" original="Ornithomimus">
6532 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1933"/>
6538 <P> <NOMEN name="Elmisaurus elegans"/> may belong to <NOMEN name="Chirostenotes"/>,
6539 possibly <NOMEN name="C. pergracilis"/>. </P>
6543 <GENUS name="Elopteryx" type="with">
6549 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
6550 <PLACE name="Romania"/>
6551 <REMAINS content="fragmentary femora, partial ankles, etc."/>
6552 <REMAINS content="cranium" q="1"/>
6553 <SPECIES name="nopcsai" status="dubium">
6554 <AUTHOR name="Andrews" year="1913"/>
6556 <LOW>Franz</LOW> Nopcsa's
6560 <P> This Transylvanian <LINK content="theropod"/> may be a <LINK
6561 content="paravian"/> (possibly even a <LINK content="neornithean"/>) or a
6562 <LINK content="troodontid"/>. The ankles might belong to one or two
6563 different, but similar, animals (<NOMEN name="Bradycneme draculae"/> and
6564 <NOMEN name="Heptasteornis andrewsi"/>, here tentatively considered junior synonyms of
6565 <NOMEN name="Elopteryx nopcsai"/>). </P>
6569 <GENUS name="Elosaurus" type="with">
6573 <SPECIES name="parvus">
6574 <AUTHOR name="Peterson, Gilmore" year="1902"/>
6575 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus excelsus"/>
6582 <GENUS name="Elvisaurus" status="nudum">
6583 <AUTHOR name="Holmes" year="1993"/>
6584 <SYNONYM name="Cryolophosaurus"/>
6585 <MEANING>Elvis <LOW>Aaron Presley</LOW>'s lizard</MEANING>
6588 <GENUS name="Emausaurus" type="with">
6590 E<LOW>rnst-</LOW>M<LOW>oritz-</LOW>A<LOW>rndt </LOW>U<LOW>niversität</LOW> lizard
6593 <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
6594 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
6595 <REMAINS content="skull"/>
6596 <SPECIES name="ernsti">
6597 <AUTHOR name="Haubold" year="1990"/>
6600 <P> Usually considered a basal <LINK content="thyreophoran"/>, but may
6601 be a primitive <LINK content="stegosaur"/>. </P>
6605 <GENUS name="Embasaurus" type="with">
6607 Emba <LOW>River</LOW> lizard
6610 <PLACE name="Russia"/>
6611 <REMAINS content="2 partial vertebrae"/>
6612 <SPECIES name="minax" status="dubium">
6613 <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1931"/>
6617 <GENUS name="Enaliornis" type="with">
6622 <PLACE name="Europe"/>
6623 <REMAINS content="skull fragments, neck vertebrae, femur, tarsometatarsus"/>
6624 <SPECIES name="barretti">
6625 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1876"/>
6627 <SPECIES name="sedgwicki">
6631 <GENUS name="Enantiornis" type="with">
6632 <SPECIES name="leali">
6633 <AUTHOR name="Walker" year="1981"/>
6634 <PLACE name="S. America"/>
6636 <SPECIES name="martini">
6637 <PLACE name="Asia"/>
6639 <SPECIES name="walkeri">
6640 <PLACE name="Asia"/>
6645 <LENGTH value="1" wingspan="1"/>
6648 <P> About the size of a vulture. </P>
6652 <GENUS name="Enigmosaurus" type="with">
6657 <LENGTH value="7.5"/>
6658 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
6659 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
6660 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
6661 <REMAINS content="partial pelvis"/>
6662 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
6663 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold, Perle" year="1983"/>
6670 <GENUS name="Eoalulavis" type="with">
6674 <LENGTH value="0.17" wingspan="1"/>
6676 <PLACE name="Spain"/>
6677 <REMAINS content="postcranium, with impressions of feathers and soft anatomy"/>
6678 <SPECIES name="hoyasi">
6679 <AUTHOR name="Sanz, Chiappe, Perez-Moreno, Buscalioni, Moratalla, Ortega, Poyata-Ariza" year="1996"/>
6682 <P> The earliest <LINK content="bird"/> known to have an alula, or
6683 "bastard wing" -- a group of feathers attached to digit I which aids in
6684 flight control. </P>
6688 <GENUS name="Eobrontosaurus">
6689 <AUTHOR name="Bakker" year="1998"/>
6691 dawn <NOMEN name="Brontosaurus"/>
6693 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
6694 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
6695 <SPECIES name="yahnahpin" original="Apatosaurus">
6696 <AUTHOR name="Filla, James, Redman" year="1994"/>
6700 <GENUS name="Eoceratops" type="with">
6704 <SPECIES name="canadensis">
6705 <SYNONYM name="Chasmosaurus canadensis" status="objective"/>
6712 <GENUS name="Eoenantiornis" type="with">
6713 <MISSPELLED name="Eoenantiornithes"/>
6715 dawn <LINK content="enantiornithean"/>
6717 <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
6718 <PLACE name="China"/>
6719 <REMAINS age="juvenileQ" content="specimen"/>
6720 <SPECIES name="buhleri">
6721 <AUTHOR name="Hou, Zhou, Feduccia" year="1999"/>
6725 <GENUS name="Eohadrosaurus" type="with">
6727 dawn <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>
6729 <SPECIES name="caroljonesi" status="nudum">
6730 <AUTHOR name="Kirkland" year="1997"/>
6731 <SYNONYM name="Eolambia caroljonesa"/>
6738 <GENUS name="Eolambia" type="with">
6740 dawn <LINK content="lambeosaurine"/>
6742 <TIME section="latest" value="Albian"/>
6743 <TIME section="earliest" value="Cenomanian"/>
6744 <PLACE name="Utah"/>
6745 <SPECIES name="caroljonesa">
6746 <AUTHOR name="Kirkland" year="1998"/>
6752 <P> The "proto-<LINK content="lambeosaurine"/>". Was originally going to
6753 be called <NOMEN name="Eohadrosaurus"/>, until its lambeosaurine affinities
6754 were ascertained. It is the earliest <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/> known
6755 (although <NOMEN name="Protohadros"/> is the most primitive). </P>
6759 <GENUS name="Eoraptor" type="with">
6764 <TIME section="early" value="Carnian"/>
6765 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
6766 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton (missing end of tail)"/>
6767 <SPECIES name="lunensis">
6768 <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Forster, Rogers, Monetta" year="1993"/>
6769 <MEANING>from <LOW>the Valley of</LOW> the Moon</MEANING>
6772 <P> <NOMEN name="Eoraptor"/>, from the Late Triassic, is the most primitive
6773 known <LINK content="dinosaur"/> (assuming it's not too primitive to
6774 be a true dinosaur). </P>
6778 <GENUS name="Eosipterus" type="with">
6782 <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
6783 <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
6784 <PLACE name="China"/>
6785 <REMAINS content="hindlimbs, forelimbs, misc."/>
6786 <SPECIES name="yangi">
6787 <AUTHOR name="Ji Q., Ji S." year="1997"/>
6791 <GENUS name="Epachthosaurus" type="with">
6792 <MISSPELLED name="Epachtosaurus"/>
6793 <MEANING>heavy lizard</MEANING>
6794 <LENGTH value="15"/>
6795 <LENGTH value="20"/>
6796 <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
6797 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
6798 <REMAINS museum="MACN-CH" id="1317" type="holo" content="partial dorsal vertebra"/>
6799 <REMAINS museum="MACN" id="18689" content="6 posterior dorsal vertebrae, fragmentary sacrum, ilium fragment, pubis"/>
6800 <REMAINS content="well-preserved specimen"/>
6801 <SPECIES name="sciuttoi">
6802 <AUTHOR name="J. E. Powell" year="1990"/>
6805 <P> A newer, well-preserved specimen of this animal may show that
6806 <NOMEN name="Epachthosaurus"/> is an unarmored(!)
6807 <LINK content="titanosaur"/>, as the specimen lack osteoderms.
6812 <GENUS name="Epanterias" type="with">
6813 <MISSPELLED name="Empaterias"/>
6815 buttressed <LOW>vertebrae</LOW>
6817 <SPECIES name="amplexus">
6818 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus amplexus" status="objective"/>
6822 <GENUS name="Ephoenosaurus" status="nudum">
6823 <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1839"/>
6824 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
6827 <GENUS name="Epicampodon">
6828 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1885"/>
6829 <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauromorpha" incertae="1"/>
6832 <GENUS name="Erectopus">
6833 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1923"/>
6838 <TIME value="Albian"/>
6839 <PLACE name="France, Egypt, Portugal"/>
6840 <SPECIES name="sauvagei">
6841 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1923"/>
6842 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
6844 <SPECIES name="insignis">
6845 <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus insignis" status="objective"/>
6847 <SPECIES name="superbus" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
6848 <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1882"/>
6849 <SYNONYM name="sauvagei"/>
6850 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
6857 <GENUS name="Erlikosaurus" type="with">
6858 <MISSPELLED name="Erlicosaurus"/>
6860 Erlik's <LOW>(king of the dead in Mongolian mythology)</LOW> lizard
6865 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
6866 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
6867 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
6868 <REMAINS content="skull, foot, vertebrae, humerus, partial hindlimb"/>
6869 <SPECIES name="andrewsi">
6870 <AUTHOR name="Perle"/>
6871 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Barsbold, Perle" year="1980"/>
6872 <MEANING>Andrews'</MEANING>
6876 <GENUS name="Euacanthus" type="with">
6880 <SPECIES name="vectianus" status="nudum">
6881 <AUTHOR name="Owen"/>
6882 <AUTHOR name="Tennyson" year="1987"/>
6883 <SYNONYM name="Polacanthus foxii"/>
6887 <GENUS name="Eucamerotus" status="dubium">
6888 <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1882"/>
6892 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
6893 <PLACE name="England"/>
6894 <REMAINS content="dorsal vertebrae"/>
6895 <SPECIES name="foxi" status="dubium">
6896 <AUTHOR name="Blows" year="1995"/>
6900 <GENUS name="Eucentrosaurus">
6901 <AUTHOR name="Chure, McIntosh" year="1989"/>
6902 <SYNONYM name="Centrosaurus"/>
6904 true <NOMEN name="Centrosaurus"/>
6908 <GENUS name="Eucercosaurus">
6909 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1879"/>
6910 <MEANING>well-tailored lizard</MEANING>
6911 <SPECIES name="tanyspondylus">
6912 <SYNONYM name="Anoplosaurus tanyspondylus" status="objective"/>
6916 <GENUS name="Eucnemesaurus" type="with">
6920 <SPECIES name="fortis" status="dubium">
6921 <AUTHOR name="van Hoepen" year="1920"/>
6922 <SYNONYM name="Euskelosaurus browni"/>
6929 <GENUS name="Eucoelophysis" type="with">
6931 true <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/>
6933 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
6937 <TIME section="late" value="Carnian" q="1"/>
6938 <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
6939 <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
6940 <REMAINS content="partial skeletons"/>
6941 <SPECIES name="baldwini" status="dubium">
6942 <AUTHOR name="Sullivan, Lucas" year="1999"/>
6945 <P> <REFER page="Coelophysis"/> </P>
6949 <GENUS name="Eudimorphodon" type="with">
6951 true <NOMEN name="Dimorphodon"/>
6954 <TIME value="Norian"/>
6955 <PLACE name="Italy"/>
6956 <SPECIES name="ranzii">
6957 <AUTHOR name="Zambelli" year="1973"/>
6961 <GENUS name="Euhelopus">
6962 <AUTHOR name="Romer" year="1956"/>
6964 true <NOMEN name="Helopus"/>
6966 <LENGTH value="10"/>
6967 <LENGTH value="15"/>
6968 <MASS value="20000"/>
6969 <MASS value="24000"/>
6970 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian" q="1"/>
6971 <PLACE name="China"/>
6972 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton, fragments"/>
6973 <SPECIES name="zdanskyi" original="Helopus">
6974 <AUTHOR name="Wiman" year="1929"/>
6978 <GENUS name="Euoplocephalus">
6979 <MISSPELLED name="Erroplocephalus"/>
6980 <MISSPELLED name="Euoploasaurus"/>
6981 <MISSPELLED name="Euoplology"/>
6982 <MISSPELLED name="Euplocephalus"/>
6983 <MISSPELLED name="Europlocephalus"/>
6984 <MISSPELLED name="Europecephalus"/>
6985 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1910"/>
6990 <MASS value="1800"/>
6991 <MASS value="3000"/>
6992 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
6993 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
6994 <PLACE name="Montana, Alberta"/>
6995 <REMAINS content="40 specimens, 15 skulls, teeth"/>
6996 <SPECIES name="tutus" original="Stereocephalus">
6997 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
6999 <SPECIES name="acutosquameus" original="Dyoplosaurus">
7000 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1924"/>
7002 <SPECIES name="giganteus">
7003 <SYNONYM name="Tarchia gigantea" status="objective"/>
7005 <SPECIES name="magniventris">
7006 <SYNONYM name="Ankylosaurus magniventris" status="objective"/>
7009 <P> <NOMEN name="Euoplocephalus acutosquameus"/> may be the same as
7010 <NOMEN name="E. tutus"/> </P>
7014 <GENUS name="Eupodosaurus">
7015 <AUTHOR name="Boulenger" year="1981"/>
7016 <PROPERTAXON name="Nothosauridae"/>
7022 <GENUS name="Eureodon" type="with">
7023 <SPECIES name="kaiseni" status="nudum">
7024 <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
7025 <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
7026 <SYNONYM name="Tenontosaurus tillettorum"/>
7030 <GENUS name="Euronychodon" type="with">
7034 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
7035 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
7036 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
7037 <SPECIES name="portucalensis">
7038 <AUTHOR name="Telles-Antunes, Sigogneau-Russel" year="1991"/>
7039 <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
7040 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
7045 <SPECIES name="asiaticus" status="dubium" q="1">
7046 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
7047 <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
7048 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
7055 <GENUS name="Euskelosaurus" type="with">
7056 <MISSPELLED name="Entelosaurus" author="D. E. Russell" year="1971"/>
7057 <MISSPELLED name="Euscelesaurus"/>
7058 <MISSPELLED name="Euscellosaurus"/>
7059 <MISSPELLED name="Euscelosaurus"/>
7060 <MISSPELLED name="Euskelesaurus" name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
7065 <LENGTH value="12"/>
7066 <MASS value="1800"/>
7067 <TIME section="late" value="Carnian"/>
7068 <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
7069 <PLACE name="Lesotho, S. Africa, Zimbabwe"/>
7070 <REMAINS content="16 fragmentary skeletons, hundreds of bones"/>
7071 <REMAINS content="partial tibia" synonym="Orinosaurus capensis"/>
7072 <SPECIES name="browni">
7073 <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1866"/>
7075 <SPECIES name="africanus">
7076 <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
7077 <AUTHOR type="emended" name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
7078 <SYNONYM name="browni"/>
7079 <MEANING>African</MEANING>
7081 <SPECIES name="capensis">
7082 <SYNONYM name="Orinosaurus capensis" status="objective"/>
7083 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="von Huene" year="1906"/>
7085 <SPECIES name="fortis">
7086 <SYNONYM name="Eucnemesaurus fortis" status="objective"/>
7088 <SPECIES name="molengraaffi">
7089 <SYNONYM name="Gigantoscelus molengraaffi" status="objective"/>
7090 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Steel" year="1970"/>
7092 <SPECIES name="stormbergensis">
7093 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus stormbergensis" status="objective"/>
7097 <GENUS name="Eustreptospondylus" type="with">
7099 well-reversed vertebra
7101 <LENGTH value="7" q="1"/>
7102 <LENGTH value="9" q="1"/>
7103 <LENGTH age="subadult" value="4"/>
7104 <LENGTH age="subadult" value="5"/>
7105 <MASS age="subadult" value="200"/>
7106 <MASS age="subadult" value="250"/>
7107 <TIME section="late" value="Callovian"/>
7108 <PLACE name="England"/>
7109 <REMAINS age="subadultQ" content="skeleton, limb elements"/>
7110 <REMAINS content="vertebrae" q="1"/>
7111 <SPECIES name="oxoniensis">
7112 <AUTHOR name="C. A. Walker" year="1964"/>
7114 <SPECIES name="cuvieri">
7115 <SYNONYM name="Streptospondylus cuvieri" status="objective"/>
7117 <LOW>Georges</LOW> Cuvier's
7120 <SPECIES name="divesensis">
7121 <SYNONYM name="Piveteausaurus divesensis" status="objective"/>
7125 <GENUS name="Fabrosaurus" type="with">
7127 <LOW>Jean</LOW> Fabre's lizard
7129 <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
7130 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
7131 <TIME value="Sinemurian" q="1"/>
7132 <PLACE name="Lesotho"/>
7133 <REMAINS content="partial dentary with teeth"/>
7134 <SPECIES name="australis" status="dubium">
7135 <AUTHOR name="Ginsburg" year="1964"/>
7141 <P> Might be the same as the better-known <NOMEN name="Lesothosaurus"/>. A
7142 family named after it, Fabrosauridae, has been proposed to include it,
7143 <NOMEN name="Agilisaurus"/>, and <NOMEN name="Gongbusaurus"/>. </P>
7147 <GENUS name="Fenestrosaurus" status="nudum">
7148 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
7149 <SYNONYM name="Oviraptor"/>
7155 <GENUS name="Frenguellisaurus" type="with">
7159 <SPECIES name="ischigualastensis">
7160 <AUTHOR name="Novas" year="1986"/>
7161 <SYNONYM name="Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis"/>
7163 from <LOW>the</LOW> Ischigualasto <LOW>Group</LOW>
7168 <GENUS name="Fukuisaurus" status="nudum">
7169 <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
7171 Fukui <LOW>Prefecture</LOW> lizard
7174 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
7175 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
7176 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
7177 <REMAINS content="premaxilla, maxilla, dentaries, parietal, teeth, vertebrae, sacrum, digits"/>
7180 <GENUS name="Fulengia" type="with">
7181 <SPECIES name="youngi">
7182 <AUTHOR name="Carroll, Galton" year="1977"/>
7183 <SYNONYM name="Lufengosaurus huenei"/>
7187 <GENUS name="Fulgurotherium" type="with">
7192 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
7193 <TIME value="Albian"/>
7194 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
7195 <SPECIES name="australe" status="dubiumQ">
7196 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
7197 <REMAINS content="fragmentary femora" type="holo"/>
7198 <MEANING>southern</MEANING>
7200 <SPECIES name="sp.">
7201 <REMAINS content="postcranial elements, teeth"/>
7205 <GENUS name="Futabasaurus" status="nudum">
7206 <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
7208 Futaba <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
7210 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
7211 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
7212 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
7215 <GENUS name="Gadolosaurus" status="nudum">
7216 <AUTHOR name="Saito" year="1979"/>
7217 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
7220 <P>The name might be a mistransliteration of "<LINK content="hadrosaur"/>".</P>
7221 <P>It has been suggested that this may be a juvenile of
7222 <NOMEN name="Arstanosaurus"/>.</P>
7226 <GENUS name="Galesaurus" type="with">
7227 <SPECIES name="planiceps">
7228 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1859"/>
7229 <PROPERTAXON name="Galesauridae"/>
7230 <MEANING>flat-headed</MEANING>
7233 Originally placed in <LINK content="Crocodylia"/>, then in
7234 <LINK content="Dinosauria"/> by Sauvage in 1883, now known to
7235 be a relative of <LINK content="mammals"/>.
7239 <GENUS name="Gallimimus" type="with">
7241 <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Gallus"/> <LOW>(chicken)</LOW> mimic
7243 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
7244 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
7245 <SPECIES name="bullatus">
7246 <AUTHOR name="Osmólska, Roniewicz, Barsbold" year="1972"/>
7251 <MEANING>pneumatic</MEANING>
7252 <REMAINS content="several specimens (some juvenile)"/>
7254 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" status="nudum">
7255 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1996"/>
7260 <SPECIES name="sp.">
7261 <SYNONYM name="Sanchusaurus sp."/>
7264 <P> The largest <LINK content="ornithomimosaur"/>, excluding <NOMEN
7265 name="Deinocheirus"/>. A stampeding herd (flock?) of <NOMEN
7266 name="Gallimimus"/> was featured in the move <U>Jurassic Park</U>. </P>
7270 <GENUS name="Gallodactylus">
7271 <AUTHOR name="Fabre" year="1974"/>
7272 <SYNONYM name="Cycnorhamphus"/>
7278 <GENUS name="Galtonia">
7279 <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1994"/>
7281 <LOW>P.</LOW> Galton's <LOW>one</LOW>
7283 <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
7284 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
7285 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
7286 <PLACE name="Pennsylvania"/>
7287 <REMAINS content="premaxillary teeth"/>
7288 <SPECIES name="gibbidens" original="Thecodontosaurus">
7289 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
7293 <GENUS name="Gansus" type="with">
7294 <SPECIES name="yumensis">
7295 <AUTHOR name="Hou, Liu" year="1984"/>
7298 Gansu <LOW>Province's one</LOW>
7301 <PLACE name="China"/>
7304 <GENUS name="Gargantuavis" type="with">
7305 <MEANING>gargantuan bird</MEANING>
7306 <SPECIES name="philoinos">
7307 <MEANING>wine-loving</MEANING>
7309 <REMAINS content="synsacrum, femur" type="holo"/>
7310 <REMAINS content="synsacrum fragment" q="1"/>
7312 <PLACE name="France"/>
7314 <P>This enormous <LINK content="bird"/> may be related to
7315 <NOMEN name="Patagopteryx"/>.</P>
7319 <GENUS name="Gargoyleosaurus" type="with">
7323 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
7324 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
7325 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
7326 <SPECIES name="parkpini">
7327 <AUTHOR name="Carpenter, Miles, Cloward" year="1998"/>
7330 May be the same as <NOMEN name="Mymoorapelta"/>.
7334 <GENUS name="Garudimimus" type="with">
7338 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
7340 <MASS value="85" q="1"/>
7341 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
7342 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
7343 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
7344 <REMAINS content="skull with incomplete postcrania"/>
7345 <SPECIES name="brevipes">
7346 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1981"/>
7352 <P> <NOMEN name="Garudimimus"/> is easily distinguishable from other <LINK
7353 content="ornithomimoids"/> by the small crest in front of its eyes. </P>
7357 <GENUS name="Gasosaurus" type="with">
7359 gas <LOW>company</LOW> lizard
7361 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
7362 <MASS value="150" q="1"/>
7363 <TIME value="Bathonian" q="1"/>
7364 <TIME value="Callovian" q="1"/>
7365 <PLACE name="China"/>
7366 <REMAINS content="humerus, pelvis, femur, other postcranial elements"/>
7367 <SPECIES name="constructus">
7368 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Tang" year="1985"/>
7372 <GENUS name="Gasparinisaura" type="with">
7374 <LOW>Zulma</LOW> Gasparini's lizard
7376 <LENGTH age="juvenileQ" value="0.8"/>
7377 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
7378 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
7379 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
7380 <REMAINS age="juvenileQ" content="partial skeleton"/>
7381 <SPECIES name="cincosaltensis">
7382 <AUTHOR name="Coria, Salgado" year="1996"/>
7386 <GENUS name="Gastonia" type="with">
7389 <MASS value="1000"/>
7390 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
7391 <PLACE name="Utah"/>
7392 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
7393 <SPECIES name="burgei">
7394 <AUTHOR name="Kirkland" year="1998"/>
7398 <GENUS name="Genusaurus" type="with">
7404 <TIME value="Albian"/>
7405 <PLACE name="France"/>
7406 <REMAINS content="ilium, end of pubis, tibia, fibula, femur, tarsus, vertebra"/>
7407 <SPECIES name="sisteronis">
7408 <AUTHOR name="Accaire, Beaudoin, Dejax, Fries, Michard, Taquet" year="1995"/>
7412 <GENUS name="Genyodectes" type="with">
7416 <TIME section="late" value="LK"/>
7417 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
7418 <REMAINS content="tip of snout"/>
7419 <SPECIES name="serus">
7420 <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1901"/>
7423 <P> It is not known exactly which formation <NOMEN name="Genyodectes"/>
7424 came from. It may be the same animal as another <LINK
7425 content="abelisaur"/>, possibly <NOMEN name="Abelisaurus"/>. </P>
7429 <GENUS name="Geosternbergia">
7430 <AUTHOR name="Miller" year="1978"/>
7431 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
7432 <SYNONYM name="Pteranodon sternbergi" status="objective"/>
7435 Geo<LOW>rge</LOW> Sternberg's <LOW>one</LOW>
7439 <GENUS name="Geranosaurus" type="with">
7443 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
7444 <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
7445 <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
7446 <REMAINS content="fragmentary jaw"/>
7447 <SPECIES name="atavus" status="dubium">
7448 <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1911"/>
7452 <GENUS name="Germanodactylus">
7453 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1964"/>
7458 <SPECIES name="cristatus" original="Pterodactylus">
7459 <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
7460 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
7461 <AUTHOR name="Wieman" year="1925"/>
7466 <SPECIES name="rhamphastinus">
7467 <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
7468 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
7469 <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1970"/>
7471 <SPECIES name="sp.">
7472 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian" section="late"/>
7473 <AUTHOR name="Unwin" year="1988"/>
7476 <P> <NOMEN name="Germanodactylus cristatus"/> may be an adult <NOMEN
7477 name="Pterodactylus kochi"/>. <NOMEN name="G. rhamphastinus"/> may
7478 represent its own genus. </P>
7482 <GENUS name="Giganotosaurus" type="with">
7484 giant southern lizard
7486 <LENGTH value="13.5"/>
7487 <LENGTH value="14.3"/>
7488 <MASS value="6000"/>
7489 <MASS value="8000"/>
7490 <TIME value="Albian"/>
7491 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
7492 <REMAINS content="partial skeletons"/>
7493 <SPECIES name="carolinii">
7494 <AUTHOR name="Coria, Salgado" year="1995"/>
7495 <MEANING>Carolini's <LOW>(the discoverer)</LOW></MEANING>
7498 <P> <NOMEN name="Giganotosaurus"/>, a recently discovered South American
7499 <LINK content="carcharodontosaurine"/>, outsized the largest known <NOMEN
7500 name="Tyrannosaurus rex"/> by a full five feet in length and two tons in
7501 weight. Except for a new, unnamed carcharodontosaurinae, it was the
7502 largest known carnivore ever to walk upon the surface of the Earth. Unlike
7503 <NOMEN name="T. rex"/>, it may have hunted animals far, far larger than
7504 itself -- <LINK content="titanosaurs"/>, largest land animals of all time.</P>
7508 <GENUS name="Gigantosaurus" type="with">
7512 <SPECIES name="megalonyx" status="dubium">
7513 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
7514 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus humerocristatus"/>
7521 <GENUS name="Gigantosaurus2" type="with">
7522 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
7526 <SPECIES name="africanus">
7527 <SYNONYM name="Barosaurus africanus" status="objective"/>
7529 <SPECIES name="dixeyi">
7530 <SYNONYM name="Malawisaurus dixeyi" status="objective"/>
7532 <SPECIES name="robustus">
7533 <SYNONYM name="Janenschia robusta" status="objective"/>
7537 <GENUS name="Gigantoscelus" type="with">
7538 <MISSPELLED name="Gigantoscelis"/>
7542 <SPECIES name="molengraaffi" status="dubium">
7543 <AUTHOR name="van Hoepen" year="1916"/>
7544 <SYNONYM name="Euskelosaurus browni"/>
7548 <GENUS name="Gigantspinosaurus" type="with">
7549 <MISSPELLED name="Gigantospinosaurus"/>
7553 <SPECIES name="sichuanensis" status="nudum">
7554 <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1993"/>
7555 <PLACE name="China"/>
7556 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
7560 <GENUS name="Gilmoreosaurus">
7561 <AUTHOR name="Brett-Surman" year="1979"/>
7563 <LOW>Charles Whitney</LOW> Gilmore's lizard
7565 <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
7566 <MASS value="2000"/>
7567 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
7568 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
7569 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" original="Mandschurosaurus">
7570 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1933"/>
7571 <PLACE name="China"/>
7572 <REMAINS content="partial specimens"/>
7577 <SPECIES name="arkhangelskyi">
7578 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
7579 <REMAINS content="partial skull, vertebrae, scapula, sacrum"/>
7581 <SPECIES name="atavus" status="dubium">
7582 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
7583 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
7585 <SPECIES name="kyzylkumensis">
7586 <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus kyzylkumensis" status="objective"/>
7588 from <LOW>the</LOW> Kyzyl Kum <LOW>Desert</LOW>
7593 <GENUS name="Giraffatitan">
7594 <AUTHOR name="Paul" year="1988"/>
7595 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
7597 <NOMEN name="Giraffa"/> <LOW>(giraffe)</LOW> Titan
7599 <LENGTH value="22"/>
7600 <LENGTH value="30" q="1"/>
7601 <MASS value="30000"/>
7602 <MASS value="80000" q="1"/>
7603 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
7604 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
7605 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
7606 <REMAINS content="5 partial skeletons, several skulls, limb elements"/>
7607 <SPECIES name="brancai" original="Brachiosaurus">
7608 <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1914"/>
7609 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
7612 <P>Usually placed in <NOMEN name="Brachiosaurus"/>, but there are
7613 no shared derived traits between <NOMEN name="Brachiosaurus altithorax"/>
7614 (the type species) and <NOMEN name="Giraffatitan brancai"/> to support
7617 <P> <NOMEN name="Giraffatitan"/>'s nasal crest is the highest one known
7618 for <LINK content="sauropods"/>. It was also one of the largest sauropods. </P>
7622 <GENUS name="Glyptodontopelta" type="with">
7623 <MEANING><LINK content="glyptodont"/> shield</MEANING>
7624 <SPECIES name="mimus">
7625 <MEANING>mimicking</MEANING>
7626 <AUTHOR name="Ford" year="2000"/>
7630 <GENUS name="Gnathosaurus" type="with">
7634 <LENGTH value="1.7"/>
7635 <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
7636 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
7637 <REMAINS content="jaw pieces, skull, specimens (adult & juvenile)"/>
7638 <SPECIES name="sublatus">
7639 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1833"/>
7642 <P> The jaw pieces this species is based on were first
7643 thought to be <LINK content="crocodilian"/>. </P>
7647 <GENUS name="Gobipteryx" type="with">
7648 <SPECIES name="minute">
7649 <AUTHOR name="Elzanowski" year="1974"/>
7650 <MEANING>minute</MEANING>
7653 Gobi <LOW>Desert</LOW> wing
7656 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
7657 <REMAINS content="eggs, embryos"/>
7660 <GENUS name="Gobisaurus" status="nudum">
7662 Gobi <LOW>Desert</LOW> lizard
7664 <PLACE name="Asia"/>
7667 <GENUS name="Gojirasaurus" type="with">
7669 Gojira <LOW>(=Godzilla)</LOW> lizard
7671 <LENGTH age="subadult" value="5.5"/>
7672 <MASS age="subadult" value="150" q="1"/>
7673 <MASS age="subadult" value="200" q="1"/>
7674 <TIME section="late" value="Carnian" q="1"/>
7675 <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
7676 <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
7677 <REMAINS age="subadult" content="individual (ribs, vertebrae, chevron, scapula, gastralia?, pubis, tibia, metatarsal, tooth)"/>
7678 <SPECIES name="quayi">
7679 <AUTHOR name="Carpenter" year="1997"/>
7683 <GENUS name="Gondwanatitan" type="with">
7684 <MEANING>Gondwana titan <LOW>(giant of Greek mythology)</LOW></MEANING>
7685 <SPECIES name="faustoi">
7686 <MEANING>Fausto <LOW>L. de Souza Cunha</LOW>'s <LOW>(discoverer)</LOW></MEANING>
7687 <AUTHOR name="Kellner, de Azevedo" year="1999"/>
7689 <REMAINS type="holo" museum="MN" id="4111-V" content="incomplete skeleton"/>
7690 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
7694 <GENUS name="Gongbusaurus" type="with">
7696 Kung Pu <LOW>(feudal Ministry of Public Works)</LOW> lizard
7700 <PLACE name="China"/>
7701 <SPECIES name="shiyii" status="dubium">
7702 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhao, Zhang" year="1983"/>
7703 <REMAINS content="2 teeth"/>
7705 <SPECIES name="wucaiwanensis">
7706 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1989"/>
7707 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
7711 <GENUS name="Gongxianosaurus" type="with">
7713 Gongxian <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
7716 <PLACE name="China"/>
7717 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium, premaxilla"/>
7718 <SPECIES name="shibeiensis">
7719 <AUTHOR name="He, Wang, Liu S., Zhou, Liu T., Cai, Dai" year="1998"/>
7722 <P> Either a huge "<LINK content="prosauropod"/>" or a primitive
7723 <LINK content="sauropod"/>. </P>
7727 <GENUS name="Gorgosaurus" type="with">
7733 <MASS value="2500"/>
7734 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
7735 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
7736 <PLACE name="New Mexico" q="1"/>
7737 <REMAINS content="over twenty skeletons, skeletal elements"/>
7738 <SPECIES name="libratus">
7739 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1914"/>
7741 <SPECIES name="horridus">
7742 <SYNONYM name="Deinodon horridus" status="objective"/>
7744 <SPECIES name="lancensis">
7745 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus rex" status="q" comment="juvenile"/>
7746 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1946"/>
7747 <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Lance <LOW>Formation</LOW></MEANING>
7749 <SPECIES name="lancinator">
7750 <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1955"/>
7751 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus bataar"/>
7753 <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
7754 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus bataar" status="q" comment="juvenile"/>
7755 <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1955"/>
7757 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
7758 <AUTHOR name="Matthew, Brown" year="1923"/>
7759 <SYNONYM name="libratus"/>
7761 <LOW>Charles M.</LOW> Sternberg's
7765 <P> Once considered the same as <NOMEN name="Albertosaurus"/>, new
7766 discoveries have shown <NOMEN name="Gorgosaurus"/> to be distinct. </P>
7768 <P> <NOMEN name="G. sternbergi"/> is represented by a juvenile specimen,
7769 probably the same species as <NOMEN name="G. libratus"/>. </P>
7773 <GENUS name="Goyocephale" type="with">
7778 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
7779 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
7780 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
7781 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull, nearly complete postcranium"/>
7782 <SPECIES name="lattimorei">
7783 <AUTHOR name="Perle, Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1982"/>
7787 <GENUS name="Graciliceratops" status="nudum">
7788 <AUTHOR name="Forster, Sereno" year="1997"/>
7792 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
7793 <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
7794 <PLACE name="Asia"/>
7797 <GENUS name="Gracilisuchus" type="with">
7801 <SPECIES name="stipanicicorum">
7802 <AUTHOR name="Romer" year="1972"/>
7803 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
7807 <GENUS name="Gravisaurus" type="with">
7811 <SPECIES name="tenerensis" status="nudum">
7812 <AUTHOR name="Chabli" year="1988"/>
7813 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Norman" year="1989"/>
7814 <SYNONYM name="Lurdusaurus arenatus"/>
7818 <GENUS name="Gravitholus" type="with">
7822 <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
7823 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
7824 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
7825 <REMAINS content="frontoparietal dome"/>
7826 <SPECIES name="albertae">
7827 <AUTHOR name="Wall, Galton" year="1979"/>
7834 <GENUS name="Gresslyosaurus" type="with">
7835 <SPECIES name="ingens" status="dubium">
7836 <AUTHOR name="Rütimeyer" year="1857"/>
7837 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
7839 <SPECIES name="ajax">
7840 <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus ajax" status="objective"/>
7842 <SPECIES name="cambrensis">
7843 <SYNONYM name="Newtonsaurus cambrensis" status="objective"/>
7845 <SPECIES name="cloacinus">
7846 <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus cloacinus" status="objective"/>
7848 <SPECIES name="giganteus">
7849 <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus giganteus" status="objective"/>
7851 <SPECIES name="ingens2">
7852 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1898"/>
7853 <AUTHOR name="Rütimeyer" year="1857"/>
7854 <SYNONYM name="Camelotia borealis"/>
7856 <SPECIES name="magnus">
7857 <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus magnus" status="objective"/>
7859 <SPECIES name="reinigeri">
7860 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus reinigeri" status="objective"/>
7862 <SPECIES name="robustus">
7863 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
7864 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
7869 <SPECIES name="terquemi">
7870 <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus terquemi" status="objective"/>
7872 <SPECIES name="torgeri" status="dubium">
7873 <AUTHOR name="Jaekel" year="1911"/>
7874 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
7876 <SPECIES name="wetzelianus">
7877 <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus wetzelianus" status="objective"/>
7881 <GENUS name="Griphornis" type="with">
7882 <MISSPELLED name="Gryphornis"/>
7883 <MEANING>Griffon <LOW>(mythological beast -- half eagle, half lion)</LOW> bird</MEANING>
7884 <SPECIES name="longicaudatus" status="oblitum">
7885 <AUTHOR name="Owen"/>
7886 <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1862"/>
7887 <MEANING>long-tailed</MEANING>
7888 <SYNONYM name="Archaeopteryx lithographica"/>
7892 <GENUS name="Griphosaurus">
7894 Griffon <LOW>(mythological beast -- half eagle, half lion)</LOW> lizard
7896 <MISSPELLED name="Gryphosaurus"/>
7897 <AUTHOR name="Wagner" year="1862"/>
7898 <SPECIES name="problematicus" status="oblitum">
7899 <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1862"/>
7900 <SYNONYM name="Archaeopteryx lithographica"/>
7901 <MEANING>problematic</MEANING>
7903 <SPECIES name="longicaudatus">
7904 <SYNONYM name="Griphornis longicaudatus" status="objective"/>
7908 <GENUS name="Gryponyx" type="with">
7912 <SPECIES name="africanus">
7913 <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1911"/>
7914 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
7919 <SPECIES name="taylori" status="dubium">
7920 <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
7921 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
7923 <SPECIES name="transvaalensis" status="dubium">
7924 <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1912"/>
7925 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
7927 from <LOW>the</LOW> Transvaal
7932 <GENUS name="Gryposaurus" type="with">
7934 hook<LOW>-nosed</LOW> lizard
7936 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
7937 <REMAINS content="skulls (10 complete), postcrania, skin impressions"/>
7938 <SPECIES name="notabilis">
7939 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1914"/>
7940 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
7942 <SPECIES name="incurvimanus" original="Kritosaurus">
7943 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1920"/>
7945 <SPECIES name="latidens">
7946 <AUTHOR name="Horner" year="1992"/>
7948 <SPECIES name="selwyni">
7949 <SYNONYM name="Trachodon selwyni" status="objective"/>
7952 <P> Named for its "Roman nose". </P>
7956 <GENUS name="Guaibasaurus" type="with">
7957 <MEANING><LOW>Rio</LOW> Guaiba <LOW>Hydrographic Basin</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
7958 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
7959 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
7960 <REMAINS content="two incomplete specimens"/>
7961 <SPECIES name="candelariensis">
7962 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Ferigolo, Ribeiro" year="1999"/>
7963 <MEANING>from Candelária</MEANING>
7966 <P>This animal has features similar to basal <LINK content="theropods"/>
7967 and basal <LINK content="sauropodomorphs"/>, placing it near the root of
7968 <LINK content="Saurischia"/>.</P>
7972 <GENUS name="Gurilynia" type="with">
7974 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
7975 <REMAINS content="partial humeri, coracoids"/>
7976 <REMAINS content="lower forelimb" q="1"/>
7977 <SPECIES name="nessovi">
7978 <AUTHOR name="Kurochkin" year="1999"/>
7984 <P> A large enantiornithean. </P>
7988 <GENUS name="Gwyneddosaurus">
7989 <AUTHOR name="Bock" year="1945"/>
7990 <PROPERTAXON name="Lepidosauria"/>
7993 <GENUS name="Gyposaurus" type="with">
7994 <MISSPELLED name="Griposaurus"/>
7995 <SPECIES name="capensis">
7996 <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1911"/>
7997 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
7999 <SPECIES name="erectus">
8000 <SYNONYM name="Aristosaurus erectus" status="objective"/>
8002 <SPECIES name="sinensis">
8003 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1941"/>
8004 <PROPERTAXON name="Sauropodomorpha" incertae="1"/>
8005 <MEANING>from China</MEANING>
8006 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton" age="juvenile" museum="SAFM" id="990" type="holo"/>
8008 <SPECIES name="skirtopodus">
8009 <SYNONYM name="Hortalotarsus skirtopodus" status="objective"/>
8013 <GENUS name="Hadrosauravus" status="nudum">
8014 <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
8016 <NOMEN name="Hadrosaurus"/> ancestor
8018 <SPECIES name="latidens">
8019 <SYNONYM name="Gryposaurus latidens" status="objective"/>
8023 <GENUS name="Hadrosaurus" type="with">
8024 <MISSPELLED name="Gadrosaurus"/>
8029 <LENGTH value="10"/>
8030 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
8031 <PLACE name="New Jersey"/>
8032 <REMAINS content="partial mandible, postcranium, teeth"/>
8033 <SPECIES name="foulkii" status="dubium">
8034 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1858"/>
8036 <SPECIES name="agilis">
8037 <SYNONYM name="Claosaurus agilis" status="objective"/>
8039 <SPECIES name="annectens">
8040 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens" status="objective"/>
8042 <SPECIES name="breviceps">
8043 <SYNONYM name="Prosaurolophus breviceps" status="objective"/>
8045 <SPECIES name="cantabrigiensis">
8046 <SYNONYM name="Telmatosaurus cantabrigiensis" status="objective"/>
8048 <SPECIES name="cavatus" status="dubium">
8049 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1871"/>
8050 <SYNONYM name="minor"/>
8052 <SPECIES name="milo">
8053 <SYNONYM name="Agathaumas milo" status="objective"/>
8055 <SPECIES name="minor" status="dubium">
8056 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1870"/>
8061 <SPECIES name="minor2">
8062 <AUTHOR name="Colbert" year="1948"/>
8063 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens"/>
8068 <SPECIES name="mirabilis">
8069 <SYNONYM name="Trachodon mirabilis" status="objective"/>
8071 <SPECIES name="navajovius">
8072 <SYNONYM name="Kritosaurus navajovius" status="objective"/>
8074 <SPECIES name="notabilis">
8075 <SYNONYM name="Gryposaurus notabilis" status="objective"/>
8077 <SPECIES name="occidentalis">
8078 <SYNONYM name="Thespesius occidentalis" status="objective"/>
8080 <SPECIES name="paucidens">
8081 <SYNONYM name="Lambeosaurus paucidens" status="objective"/>
8083 <SPECIES name="perangulatus">
8084 <SYNONYM name="Diclonius perangulatus" status="objective"/>
8087 <P> <NOMEN name="Hadrosaurus"/> was the first American
8088 non-<LINK content="neornithean"/> <LINK content="dinosaur"/> to be described
8089 from a partial skeleton, and the first non-neornithean dinosaur skeleton to
8090 be put on exhibit. It is New Jersey's state fossil. </P>
8092 <P> Discovery of <NOMEN name="Hadrosaurus"/> back in 1858 showed that some
8093 dinosaurs were bipedal, correcting erroneous restorations of
8094 <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> and <NOMEN name="Megalosaurus"/> as four-footed
8095 animals (although nowadays <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>,
8096 <NOMEN name="Hadrosaurus"/>, and all other <LINK content="iguanodonts"/> are
8097 thought to be only semi-bipedal).</P>
8099 <P> Despite being the genus which a large group of dinosaurs
8100 (<LINK content="Hadrosauridae"/>) is named after,
8101 <NOMEN name="Hadrosaurus"/> is not well known. Missing the skull, the type
8102 specimen is indistinguishable from other <LINK content="hadrosaurines"/>.
8103 It may belong to a <LINK content="gryposaurin"/>. </P>
8107 <GENUS name="Hallopus">
8108 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
8109 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
8112 <GENUS name="Halticosaurus" type="with">
8116 <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
8117 <LENGTH value="6" q="1"/>
8118 <TIME value="Norian"/>
8119 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
8120 <REMAINS content="mandibular fragment, vertebrae, humerus, ilium, femur, metatarsal"/>
8121 <SPECIES name="longotarsus" status="dubiumQ">
8122 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
8127 <SPECIES name="liliensterni">
8128 <SYNONYM name="Liliensternus liliensterni" status="objective"/>
8130 <SPECIES name="orbitoangulatus">
8131 <SYNONYM name="Liliensternus orbitoangulatus" status="objective"/>
8134 <P> Might be a <LINK content="coelophysid"/>. </P>
8138 <GENUS name="Haplocanthosaurus" type="with">
8142 <LENGTH value="20"/>
8143 <LENGTH value="22"/>
8144 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
8145 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
8146 <PLACE name="Colorado, Wyoming"/>
8147 <SPECIES name="priscus" original="Haplocanthus">
8148 <AUTHOR name="Hatcher" year="1903"/>
8149 <REMAINS content="2 partial postcrania"/>
8151 <SPECIES name="delfsi">
8152 <AUTHOR name="McIntosh, Williams" year="1988"/>
8153 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
8155 <SPECIES name="minimus" status="dubium" original="Apatosaurus" q="1">
8156 <AUTHOR name="Mook" year="1917"/>
8160 <REMAINS content="sacrum, pelvis"/>
8162 <SPECIES name="utterbacki">
8163 <AUTHOR name="Hatcher" year="1903"/>
8164 <SYNONYM name="priscus"/>
8167 <P> <NOMEN name="Haplocanthosaurus"/> has been classified as either a
8168 primitive <LINK content="diplodocimorph"/>, a primitive <LINK
8169 content="macronarian"/>, or the sister group to <LINK
8170 content="Neosauropoda"/>. <NOMEN name="H. minimus"/> may be a <LINK
8171 content="titanosaur"/>. </P>
8175 <GENUS name="Haplocanthus" type="with">
8176 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Agassiz" year="1844"/>
8180 <SPECIES name="priscus">
8181 <SYNONYM name="Haplocanthosaurus priscus" status="objective"/>
8185 <GENUS name="Hargeria">
8186 <AUTHOR name="Lucas" year="1903"/>
8187 <SYNONYM name="Hesperornis"/>
8189 <LOW>Oskar</LOW> Harger's <LOW>one</LOW>
8193 <GENUS name="Harpymimus" type="with">
8195 Harpy <LOW>(bird-woman monster of Greek Mythology)</LOW> mimic
8198 <MASS value="125" q="1"/>
8199 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
8200 <TIME value="Albian"/>
8201 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
8202 <REMAINS content="skull with incomplete postcranium"/>
8203 <SPECIES name="okladnikovi">
8204 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold, Perle" year="1984"/>
8207 <P> This primitive <LINK content="ornithomimosaur"/> retained ten or
8208 eleven conical teeth in its lower jaw. </P>
8212 <GENUS name="Hecatosaurus">
8213 <MISSPELLED name="Hecatasaurus"/>
8214 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1910"/>
8216 Hecate's <LOW>(a demon)</LOW> lizard
8218 <SPECIES name="transylvanicus">
8219 <SYNONYM name="Telmatosaurus transylvanicus" status="objective"/>
8226 <GENUS name="Heishansaurus" type="with">
8231 <PLACE name="China"/>
8232 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
8233 <REMAINS content="armor" q="1"/>
8234 <SPECIES name="pachycephalus" status="dubium">
8235 <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
8241 <P> Originally classified as a <LINK content="pachycephalosaur"/>, but
8242 may be an <LINK content="ankylosaur"/>. </P>
8246 <GENUS name="Helopus" type="with">
8247 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Wagler" year="1832"/>
8251 <SPECIES name="zdanskyi">
8252 <SYNONYM name="Euhelopus zdanskyi" status="objective"/>
8256 <GENUS name="Heptasteornis" type="with">
8260 <SPECIES name="andrewsi">
8261 <AUTHOR name="Harrison, C. A. Walker" year="1975"/>
8262 <SYNONYM name="Elopteryx nopcsai" status="q"/>
8263 <MEANING>Andrews'</MEANING>
8267 <GENUS name="Herbstosaurus" type="with">
8268 <SPECIES name="pigmaeus">
8269 <AUTHOR name="Casamiquela" year="1974"/>
8270 <MEANING>pygmy</MEANING>
8275 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
8276 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
8279 <GENUS name="Herrerasaurus" type="with">
8286 <MASS value="350" q="1"/>
8287 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
8288 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
8289 <REMAINS content="3 partial skeletons, postcranial material"/>
8290 <SPECIES name="ischigualastensis">
8291 <AUTHOR name="Reig" year="1963"/>
8293 from <LOW>the</LOW> Ischigualasto <LOW>Group</LOW>
8298 <GENUS name="Hesperornis" type="with">
8302 <TIME value="Campanian" section="early"/>
8303 <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
8304 <SPECIES name="regalis">
8305 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
8310 <SPECIES name="crassipes">
8311 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
8313 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
8314 <SYNONYM name="Parahesperornis gracilis" status="objective"/>
8316 <SPECIES name="rossica">
8320 <GENUS name="Heterodontosaurus" type="with">
8321 <MISSPELLED name="Heterosaurus" author="Ginsburg" year="1964"/>
8323 differently toothed lizard
8325 <LENGTH value="0.9"/>
8326 <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
8328 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
8329 <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
8330 <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
8331 <REMAINS content="complete skeleton, skull, fragmentary jaw"/>
8332 <SPECIES name="tucki">
8333 <AUTHOR name="Crompton, Charig" year="1962"/>
8334 <MEANING>Tuck's</MEANING>
8338 <GENUS name="Heterosaurus" type="with">
8342 <SPECIES name="neocomiensis">
8343 <AUTHOR name="Cornuel" year="1850"/>
8344 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon atherfieldensis"/>
8346 from <LOW>the</LOW> <LINK content="Neocomian"/>
8351 <GENUS name="Hierosaurus" type="with">
8352 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
8353 <AUTHOR name="Wieland" year="1909"/>
8354 <SYNONYM name="Nodosaurus textilis"/>
8356 <LOW>Charles M.</LOW> Sternberg's
8359 <SPECIES name="coleii">
8360 <SYNONYM name="Niobrarasaurus coleii" status="objective"/>
8364 <GENUS name="Hikanodon">
8365 <AUTHOR name="Keferstein" year="1834"/>
8366 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon"/>
8369 <GENUS name="Hironosaurus" status="nudum">
8370 <AUTHOR name="Hisa" year="1988"/>
8372 Hirono<LOW>-machi</LOW> lizard
8375 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
8376 <REMAINS content="teeth, vertebra"/>
8379 <GENUS name="Hisanohamasaurus" status="nudum">
8380 <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
8385 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
8386 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
8389 <GENUS name="Histriasaurus" type="with">
8390 <MEANING>Istrian lizard</MEANING>
8391 <TIME section="late" value="Hauterivian"/>
8392 <TIME section="early" value="Barremian"/>
8393 <PLACE name="Croatia"/>
8394 <SPECIES name="boscarollii">
8395 <MEANING><LOW>Dario</LOW> Boscarolli's</MEANING>
8396 <AUTHOR name="Dalla Vecchia" year="1998"/>
8400 <GENUS name="Holbotia" type="with">
8401 <MEANING>Holbotu <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
8402 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
8403 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
8404 <SPECIES name="ponomarenkoi" status="nudum">
8405 <AUTHOR name="Kurochkin" year="1982"/>
8408 <P>Originally assigned to the <LINK content="Pterosauria"/>, but
8409 actually a <LINK content="bird"/>, perhaps similar to
8410 (or the same as) <NOMEN name="Ambiortus"/>.</P>
8414 <GENUS name="Homalocephale" type="with">
8415 <MEANING>even head</MEANING>
8417 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
8418 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
8419 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
8420 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
8421 <SPECIES name="calathocercos">
8422 <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1974"/>
8426 <GENUS name="Honghesaurus" status="nudum">
8427 <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1981"/>
8428 <SYNONYM name="Yandusaurus hongheensis"/>
8431 <GENUS name="Hoplitosaurus">
8432 <AUTHOR name="Lucas" year="1902"/>
8434 hoplite <LOW>(ancient Greek infantry)</LOW> lizard
8436 <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
8437 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium with armor plates"/>
8438 <SPECIES name="marshi" original="Stegosaurus">
8439 <AUTHOR name="Lucas" year="1901"/>
8441 <LOW>Othniel Charles</LOW> Marsh's
8446 <GENUS name="Hoplosaurus" type="with">
8450 <SPECIES name="ischyrus" status="dubium">
8451 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
8452 <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus transylvanicus"/>
8459 <GENUS name="Horezmavis" type="with">
8460 <SPECIES name="eocretacea">
8461 <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Borkin" year="1983"/>
8462 <MEANING><LOW>from the</LOW> dawn <LOW>of the</LOW> Cretaceous</MEANING>
8465 Khorezm <LOW>Oasis</LOW> bird
8468 <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
8471 <GENUS name="Hortalotarsus" type="with">
8475 <REMAINS content="partial foot (juvenile)"/>
8476 <SPECIES name="skirtopodus" status="dubium">
8477 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1894"/>
8480 <P> May be a juvenile of <NOMEN name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>. </P>
8484 <GENUS name="Huabeisaurus" type="with">
8485 <MEANING>Huabei lizard</MEANING>
8486 <SPECIES name="allocotus">
8487 <MEANING>differently-formed</MEANING>
8488 <AUTHOR name="Pang, Cheng" year="2000"/>
8489 <PLACE name="China"/>
8490 <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
8494 <GENUS name="Huanhepterus" type="with">
8498 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
8500 <PLACE name="China"/>
8501 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
8502 <SPECIES name="qinyangensis">
8503 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1982"/>
8507 <GENUS name="Huayangosaurus" type="with">
8512 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
8513 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
8514 <PLACE name="China"/>
8515 <REMAINS content="complete skeleton, 5 fragmentary postcrania"/>
8516 <SPECIES name="taibaii">
8517 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Tang, Zhou" year="1982"/>
8521 <GENUS name="Hudiesaurus" type="with">
8523 butterfly <LOW>vertebra</LOW> lizard
8525 <LENGTH value="30"/>
8526 <PLACE name="China"/>
8527 <REMAINS content="4 teeth, forelimb, first dorsal vertebra"/>
8528 <SPECIES name="sinojapanorum" status="nudum">
8529 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1997"/>
8536 <GENUS name="Hulsanpes" type="with">
8540 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
8541 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
8542 <REMAINS content="partial foot"/>
8543 <SPECIES name="perlei">
8544 <AUTHOR name="Osmólska" year="1982"/>
8547 <P> Had a "switchblade" foot claw. </P>
8551 <GENUS name="Hunhosaurus" status="nudum">
8552 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
8553 <SYNONYM name="Yandusaurus hongheensis"/>
8556 <GENUS name="Hylaeosaurus" type="with">
8557 <MISSPELLED name="Hyaelosaurus"/>
8563 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
8564 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
8565 <PLACE name="England, France"/>
8566 <REMAINS content="2 fragmentary postcrania, isolated elements"/>
8567 <SPECIES name="armatus">
8568 <AUTHOR name="Mantell" year="1833"/>
8569 <MEANING>armed</MEANING>
8571 <SPECIES name="conybearei">
8572 <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1874"/>
8573 <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
8575 <SPECIES name="foxii">
8576 <SYNONYM name="Polacanthus foxii" status="objective"/>
8578 <SPECIES name="northamptoni">
8579 <SYNONYM name="Regnosaurus northamptoni" status="objective"/>
8581 <SPECIES name="oweni">
8582 <AUTHOR name="Mantell" year="1844"/>
8583 <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
8585 <LOW>Sir Richard</LOW> Owen's
8589 <P> <NOMEN name="Hylaeosaurus"/> was one of the original three animals
8590 used by Sir Richard Owen to define the <LINK content="Dinosauria"/>,
8591 along with <NOMEN name="Megalosaurus"/> and <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>. </P>
8595 <GENUS name="Hylosaurus" type="with">
8599 <SPECIES name="mantelli">
8600 <AUTHOR name="Fitzinger" year="1843"/>
8601 <SYNONYM name="Hylaeosaurus armatus"/>
8603 <LOW>Gideon</LOW> Mantell's
8608 <GENUS name="Hypacrosaurus" type="with">
8610 below the top lizard
8613 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
8614 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
8615 <SPECIES name="altispinus">
8616 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1913"/>
8620 <REMAINS content="skeletons & skulls (juvenile to adult)"/>
8622 <SPECIES name="casuarius">
8623 <SYNONYM name="Corythosaurus casuarius" status="objective"/>
8625 <SPECIES name="lambei">
8626 <SYNONYM name="Lambeosaurus lambei" status="objective"/>
8628 <LOW>Lawrence M.</LOW> Lambe's
8631 <SPECIES name="stebingeri">
8632 <AUTHOR name="Horner, Currie" year="1994"/>
8633 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton, fragments, eggs with embryos"/>
8636 <P> Similar to <NOMEN name="Corythosaurus"/> and <NOMEN name="Barsboldia"/>. </P>
8640 <GENUS name="Hypselorhachis" type="with">
8641 <SPECIES name="mirabilis" status="nudum">
8642 <AUTHOR name="Charig" year="1967"/>
8643 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
8647 <GENUS name="Hypselosaurus" type="with">
8651 <LENGTH value="12"/>
8652 <MASS value="10000"/>
8653 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
8654 <PLACE name="France, Spain"/>
8655 <REMAINS content="postcranial elements from at least 10 individuals"/>
8656 <REMAINS content="eggs" q="1"/>
8657 <SPECIES name="priscus">
8658 <AUTHOR name="Matheron" year="1869"/>
8661 <P> Fossilized eggs about a foot long from the south of France have been
8662 attributed to this <LINK content="sauropod"/>. </P>
8666 <GENUS name="Hypsibema" type="with">
8670 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
8671 <SPECIES name="crassicauda" status="dubium">
8672 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1869"/>
8673 <PLACE name="N. Carolina"/>
8674 <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae, humerus, tibia, metatarsal"/>
8676 <SPECIES name="missouriensis" status="dubium" original="Neosaurus">
8677 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore"/>
8678 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore, Stewart" year="1945"/>
8679 <PLACE name="Missouri"/>
8686 <GENUS name="Hypsilophodon" type="with">
8688 <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Hypsilophus"/> <LOW>("high ridge" -- iguanid <LINK content="lizard"/>)</LOW> tooth
8690 <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
8691 <LENGTH value="2.3"/>
8693 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
8694 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
8695 <PLACE name="England, Spain"/>
8696 <REMAINS content="13 skeletons (3 nearly complete), skeletal elements"/>
8697 <SPECIES name="foxii">
8698 <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1869"/>
8700 <SPECIES name="wielandi" status="dubium">
8701 <AUTHOR name="Galton, Jensen" year="1979"/>
8705 <GENUS name="Hypsirophus" type="with">
8706 <MISSPELLED name="Hypsirhophus"/>
8710 <SPECIES name="discurus" status="dubium">
8711 <MISSPELLED name="discurus"/>
8712 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
8713 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus fragilis" status="q"/>
8715 <SPECIES name="seeleyanus" status="dubium">
8716 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1879"/>
8717 <SYNONYM name="Stegosaurus armatus"/>
8719 <SPECIES name="stenops">
8720 <SYNONYM name="Stegosaurus stenops" status="objective"/>
8722 <SPECIES name="ungulatus">
8723 <SYNONYM name="Stegosaurus ungulatus" status="objective"/>
8727 <GENUS name="Iberomesornis" type="with">
8729 Iberian intermediate bird
8731 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
8732 <SPECIES name="romeralli">
8733 <AUTHOR name="Sanz, Bonaparte" year="1992"/>
8735 <PLACE name="Spain"/>
8739 <GENUS name="Ichthyornis" type="with">
8741 fish<LOW>-like vertebrae</LOW> bird
8744 <PLACE name="N. America"/>
8745 <SPECIES name="dispar">
8746 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
8747 <MEANING>disparate</MEANING>
8749 <SPECIES name="antecessor">
8751 <SPECIES name="celer">
8752 <SYNONYM name="Apatornis celer" status="objective"/>
8754 <SPECIES name="maltshevskyi">
8755 <SYNONYM name="Lenesornis maltshevskyi" status="objective"/>
8757 <SPECIES name="victor">
8758 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
8759 <SYNONYM name="dispar"/>
8763 <GENUS name="Iguanodon" type="with">
8765 <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Iguana"/> tooth
8768 <LENGTH value="10"/>
8769 <MASS value="4500"/>
8770 <MASS value="5500"/>
8771 <SPECIES name="anglicum">
8772 <AUTHOR name="Holl" year="1829"/>
8773 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
8774 <PLACE name="England"/>
8775 <REMAINS content="teeth, fragments"/>
8780 <SPECIES name="atherfieldensis">
8781 <AUTHOR name="Hooley" year="1924"/>
8782 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
8783 <PLACE name="Belgium, England, Germany, Spain"/>
8784 <REMAINS content="3 complete skeletons, partial skeletons, teeth, postcrania (juvenile to adult)"/>
8786 <SPECIES name="bernissartensis">
8787 <AUTHOR name="Boulenger"/>
8788 <AUTHOR name="van Beneden" year="1881"/>
8789 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
8790 <PLACE name="Belgium, England, Germany, Spain, Mongolia?"/>
8791 <PLACE name="France, Tunisia" q="1"/>
8792 <REMAINS content="dozens of skeletons (some complete), teeth"/>
8793 <LENGTH value="11"/>
8795 <SPECIES name="dawsoni">
8796 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1888"/>
8797 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
8798 <PLACE name="England"/>
8799 <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons"/>
8801 <SPECIES name="exogyrarum">
8802 <SYNONYM name="Ponerosteus exogyrarum" status="objective"/>
8804 <SPECIES name="fittoni">
8805 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
8806 <PLACE name="England, Spain"/>
8807 <REMAINS content="3 partial skulls"/>
8809 <SPECIES name="foxii">
8810 <SYNONYM name="Hypsilophodon foxii" status="objective"/>
8812 <SPECIES name="gracilis" status="dubium">
8813 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1888"/>
8814 <SYNONYM name="atherfieldensis"/>
8819 <SPECIES name="hilli" status="dubium">
8820 <AUTHOR name="Newton" year="1892"/>
8821 <SYNONYM name="Craspedodon lonzeensis"/>
8823 <SPECIES name="hoggi">
8824 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1874"/>
8825 <PLACE name="England"/>
8826 <REMAINS content="lower jaw"/>
8828 <SPECIES name="hollingtonensis">
8829 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
8830 <SYNONYM name="fittoni"/>
8832 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
8833 <REMAINS content="several specimens"/>
8835 <SPECIES name="lakotaensis">
8836 <AUTHOR name="Weishampel, Bjork" year="1989"/>
8837 <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
8838 <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae"/>
8840 from <LOW>the</LOW> Lakota <LOW>Formation</LOW>
8843 <SPECIES name="major">
8844 <SYNONYM name="Streptospondylus major" status="objective"/>
8846 <SPECIES name="mantelli">
8847 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1832"/>
8848 <SYNONYM name="anglicum"/>
8850 <LOW>Gideon</LOW> Mantell's
8853 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" status="nudum">
8854 <AUTHOR name="Whitfield" year="1992"/>
8855 <SYNONYM name="Altirhinus kurzanovi"/>
8860 <SPECIES name="orientalis">
8861 <AUTHOR name="Rozhdestvensky" year="1952"/>
8862 <SYNONYM name="bernissartensis"/>
8863 <SYNONYM name="Altirhinus kurzanovi"/>
8868 <SPECIES name="ottingeri" status="dubium">
8869 <AUTHOR name="Galton, Jensen" year="1979"/>
8870 <PLACE name="Utah"/>
8871 <REMAINS age="juvenileQ" content="teeth"/>
8873 <SPECIES name="phillipsii">
8874 <SYNONYM name="Priodontognathus phillipsii" status="objective"/>
8876 <SPECIES name="praecursor" status="dubium">
8877 <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1876"/>
8878 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus humerocristatus"/>
8883 <SPECIES name="prestwichii">
8884 <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus prestwichii" status="objective"/>
8886 <SPECIES name="prestwichii2">
8887 <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1897"/>
8888 <SYNONYM name="Teinurosaurus sauvagei"/>
8890 <SPECIES name="seeleyi">
8891 <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1882"/>
8892 <SYNONYM name="bernissartensis"/>
8894 <SPECIES name="sp.">
8896 <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
8898 <SPECIES name="suessi" status="dubium">
8899 <AUTHOR name="Bunzel" year="1871"/>
8900 <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon priscus"/>
8902 <SPECIES name="valdensis">
8903 <SYNONYM name="Vectisaurus valdensis" status="objective"/>
8905 <SPECIES name="valdensis2">
8906 <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus valdensis" status="objective"/>
8909 <P> This was the first <LINK content="dinosaur"/> to be scientifically
8910 recognized. Along with <NOMEN name="Megalosaurus"/> and
8911 <NOMEN name="Hylaeosaurus"/> it was one of the first three creatures to be
8912 placed in <LINK content="Dinosauria"/>. </P>
8914 <P> <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> was originally restored as a four-legged,
8915 rhinoceros-like beast. Later the "nasal horn" turned out to be a thumb spike.
8916 Its posture was changed to bipedal, since its hindlimbs were so much longer
8917 than its forelimbs. Nowadays it, like other large
8918 <LINK content="iguanodonts"/>, is thought to have been facultatively bipedal,
8919 that is, primarily quadrupedal, but capable of moving on two legs as well. </P>
8921 <P> <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> as shown here may be a paraphyletic genus, with
8922 some species, such as <NOMEN name="I. bernissartensis"/>, closer to
8923 <LINK content="hadrosauroids"/>. As with most old genera, there is some
8924 taxonomic sorting to be done. The type species (<NOMEN name="I. anglicum"/>)
8925 is based on very poor material. </P>
8927 <P> <NOMEN name="I. hollingtonensis"/> and <NOMEN name="I. atherfieldensis"/>
8928 were rather gracile and long-spined, while <NOMEN name="I. dawsoni"/> and
8929 <NOMEN name="I. bernissartensis"/> were more robust and short-spined. </P>
8933 <GENUS name="Iguanosaurus" status="nudum">
8934 <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1824"/>
8935 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon"/>
8937 <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Iguana"/> <LINK content="lizard"/>
8941 <GENUS name="Iliosuchus" type="with">
8943 ilium <LOW>(hip bone) like a</LOW> crocodile
8945 <MASS value="1.5" q="1"/>
8946 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
8947 <PLACE name="England"/>
8948 <REMAINS content="2 ilia"/>
8949 <SPECIES name="incognitus">
8950 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
8955 <SPECIES name="clevelandi">
8956 <SYNONYM name="Stokesosaurus clevelandi" status="objective"/>
8959 <P> This tiny creature may be related to <NOMEN name="Stokesosaurus"/>.
8960 Both may have been very early <LINK content="tyrannosauroids"/>. </P>
8964 <GENUS name="Ilokelesia" status="nudum" type="none">
8965 <AUTHOR name="Coria, Calvo"/>
8966 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Coria" year="1999"/>
8967 <SPECIES name="aguadagrandensis" status="unpublished">
8969 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
8970 <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
8973 <GENUS name="Indosaurus" type="with">
8977 <MASS value="700" q="1"/>
8978 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
8979 <PLACE name="India"/>
8980 <REMAINS content="partial skull, fragmentary postcranium"/>
8981 <SPECIES name="matleyi">
8982 <AUTHOR name="von Huene, Matley" year="1933"/>
8985 <P> May have had two horns on its head. Had a thick braincase. </P>
8989 <GENUS name="Indosuchus" type="with">
8994 <MASS value="1000" q="1"/>
8995 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
8996 <PLACE name="India"/>
8997 <SPECIES name="raptorius">
8998 <AUTHOR name="von Huene, Matley" year="1933"/>
8999 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull, postcranial fragments"/>
9000 <MEANING>thievish</MEANING>
9002 <SPECIES name="rawesi" status="dubium" original="Massospondylus">
9003 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1890"/>
9004 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
9008 <GENUS name="Ingenia" type="with">
9010 Ingeni<LOW>-Khobur (in the Gobi Desert) one</LOW>
9012 <LENGTH value="1.8"/>
9013 <MASS value="6" q="1"/>
9014 <TIME section="middle" value="Campanian"/>
9015 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
9016 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
9017 <REMAINS content="6 skeletons (some complete)"/>
9018 <SPECIES name="yanshini">
9019 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1981"/>
9020 <MEANING><LOW>Professor</LOW> Yanshin's</MEANING>
9023 <P> <NOMEN name="Ingenia"/> had very odd hands. Most
9024 <LINK content="tetanurans"/> have a very short first digit, a long second
9025 digit, and a third digit somewhat shorter than the second.
9026 <NOMEN name="Ingenia"/> had a short first digit, a shorter second digit, and
9027 an even shorter third. All fingers were stubby, unlike those of most other
9028 <LINK content="coelurosaurs"/>, and the claws were small, unlike the large claws
9029 of its close relative <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/>. </P>
9031 <P> Apart from the hands, it is much like other oviraptorids. It was
9032 suggested that it might have been the same as <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/>,
9033 but a different gender. However, the large difference in the hands between
9034 these two animals seems to go beyond sexual dimorphism. </P>
9038 <GENUS name="Inosaurus" type="with">
9040 In <LOW>Tendreft</LOW> lizard
9042 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
9043 <TIME value="Albian"/>
9044 <TIME value="Cenomanian" section="early"/>
9045 <PLACE name="Niger"/>
9046 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, partial tibia"/>
9047 <SPECIES name="tedreftensis" status="dubium">
9048 <MEANING>from <LOW>In</LOW> Tendreft</MEANING>
9049 <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent" year="1960"/>
9053 <GENUS name="Irritator" type="with">
9057 <LENGTH value="7" q="1"/>
9058 <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
9059 <TIME value="Albian"/>
9060 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
9061 <REMAINS content="nearly complete (but obfuscated) skull"/>
9062 <SPECIES name="challengeri">
9063 <AUTHOR name="Martill, Cruikshank, Frey, Small, Clarke" year="1996"/>
9065 <LOW>Professor</LOW> Challenger's <LOW>(character in A. C. Doyle's <U>The Lost World</U>)</LOW>
9069 <P> <NOMEN name="Irritator"/> is known from an unusual skull which was badly
9070 obscured by amateurs' attempts to exaggerate it with plaster, hence the
9071 name <NOMEN name="Irritator"/>. The skull has been re-evaluated since its
9072 initial publication. </P>
9076 <GENUS name="Isanosaurus" type="with">
9077 <MEANING>Isan lizard</MEANING>
9078 <SPECIES name="attavipachi">
9079 <MEANING><LOW>P.</LOW> Attavipach's</MEANING>
9080 <PLACE name="Thailand"/> <!--NE, Nam Phong Fm.-->
9081 <TIME value="Norian" section="late" q="1"/>
9082 <TIME value="Rhaetian" q="1"/>
9083 <AUTHOR name="Buffetaut, Suteethorn, Cuny, Tong, Le Loeuff, Khansubha, Jongautchariyakul" year="2000"/>
9084 <REMAINS content="1 cervical, 1 dorsal, and 6 caudal vertebrae; neural arch of posterior dorsal vertebra; 2 chevrons; rib fragments; right sternal plate; scapula; femur"/>
9085 <LENGTH age="subadult" value="6.5" q="1"/>
9088 <P>The earliest known <LINK content="sauropod"/>.</P>
9092 <GENUS name="Ischisaurus" type="with">
9094 Ischi<LOW>gualasto Group</LOW> lizard
9096 <SPECIES name="cattoi">
9097 <AUTHOR name="Reig" year="1963"/>
9098 <SYNONYM name="Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis"/>
9102 <GENUS name="Ischyrosaurus" type="with">
9103 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Cope" year="1869"/>
9104 <MEANING>strong/equally-handed lizard</MEANING>
9105 <LENGTH value="25" q="1"/>
9106 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
9107 <PLACE name="England"/>
9108 <REMAINS content="humerus"/>
9109 <SPECIES name="manseli" status="dubium">
9110 <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1874"/>
9111 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1888"/>
9115 <GENUS name="Itemirus" type="with">
9117 Itemir <LOW>(in the Kyzyl Kum Desert) one</LOW>
9119 <LENGTH value="1.5" q="1"/>
9120 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
9121 <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
9122 <REMAINS content="braincase"/>
9123 <SPECIES name="medullaris">
9124 <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov" year="1976"/>
9127 <P> <NOMEN name="Itemirus"/> is a poorly known <LINK content="theropod"/> of
9128 medium size. It may be allied with the <LINK content="tyrannosaurids"/>, or
9129 possibly with the <LINK content="dromaeosaurids"/>. </P>
9133 <GENUS name="Iuticosaurus" status="dubium">
9134 <AUTHOR name="Le Loeuff" year="1993"/>
9136 Jutes' <LOW>(Germanic tribe)</LOW> lizard
9138 <MISSPELLED name="Luticosaurus"/>
9139 <LENGTH value="10"/>
9140 <LENGTH value="20"/>
9141 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
9142 <PLACE name="England"/>
9143 <REMAINS content="caudal centra"/>
9144 <SPECIES name="valdensis" status="dubium" original="Titanosaurus">
9145 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
9147 from <LOW>the</LOW> Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW>
9152 <GENUS name="Jainosaurus">
9153 <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lockley, Lucas, von Meyer" year="1995"/>
9157 <LENGTH value="18"/>
9158 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
9159 <PLACE name="India"/>
9160 <REMAINS content="basicranium, partial postcranium"/>
9161 <SPECIES name="septentrionalis" original="Antarctosaurus">
9162 <AUTHOR name="von Huene, Matley" year="1933"/>
9165 <P> May be a junior synonym of <NOMEN name="Titanosaurus indicus"/>. </P>
9169 <GENUS name="Janenschia">
9170 <AUTHOR name="Wild" year="1991"/>
9172 <LOW>Werner</LOW> Janensch's <LOW>one</LOW>
9174 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
9175 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
9176 <REMAINS content="3 hindlimbs, 2 forelimbs, forefoot, back & tail vertebrae"/>
9177 <SPECIES name="robusta" original="Gigantosaurus2">
9178 <AUTHOR name="E. Fraas" year="1908"/>
9179 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Wild" year="1991"/>
9184 <SPECIES name="dixeyi">
9185 <SYNONYM name="Malawisaurus dixeyi" status="objective"/>
9186 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Lessem, Glut" year="1993"/>
9189 <P> The earliest known <LINK content="titanosaur"/>. Some material assigned
9190 to it may be <LINK content="diplodocimorphan"/>. </P>
9194 <GENUS name="Jaxartosaurus" type="with">
9195 <MISSPELLED name="Yaxartosaurus"/>
9197 Jaxartes <LOW>River</LOW> lizard
9200 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
9201 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
9202 <REMAINS content="skull roof, braincase"/>
9203 <SPECIES name="aralensis">
9204 <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1934"/>
9205 <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
9207 from <LOW>the</LOW> Aral <LOW>Mountains</LOW>
9210 <SPECIES name="fuyunensis" status="dubium">
9211 <AUTHOR name="Wu" year="1984"/>
9215 <GENUS name="Jenghizkhan">
9216 <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky"/>
9217 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Olshevsky, Ford, Yamamoto" year="1995"/>
9219 Genghis Khan's <LOW>one</LOW>
9221 <SPECIES name="bataar">
9222 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus bataar" status="objective"/>
9224 <SPECIES name="luanchuanensis">
9225 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis" status="objective"/>
9229 <GENUS name="Jensenosaurus" status="nudum">
9230 <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky"/>
9231 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="B. D. Curtice, Stadtman, L. J. Curtice" year="1996"/>
9232 <SYNONYM name="Ultrasauros"/>
9238 <GENUS name="Jiangjunmiaosaurus" status="nudum">
9239 <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1987"/>
9240 <SYNONYM name="Monolophosaurus"/>
9241 <SYNONYM name="Sinraptor"/>
9247 <GENUS name="Jibeinia" type="with">
9248 <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
9249 <PLACE name="China"/>
9250 <MEANING>Ji Bei <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
9251 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
9252 <SPECIES name="luanhera">
9253 <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="2000"/>
9257 <GENUS name="Jingshanosaurus" type="with">
9261 <LENGTH value="7.5"/>
9263 <PLACE name="China"/>
9264 <REMAINS content="skull and nearly complete skeleton"/>
9265 <SPECIES name="xinwaensis">
9266 <AUTHOR name="Zhang, Yang" year="1995"/>
9269 <P> Could be synonymous with <NOMEN name="Yunnanosaurus"/>. </P>
9273 <GENUS name="Jobaria" type="with">
9274 <MEANING>Jobar <LOW>(creature of Tuareg mythology)</LOW></MEANING>
9275 <LENGTH value="21"/>
9276 <MASS value="18000"/>
9277 <REMAINS content="complete specimens of various ages"/>
9278 <SPECIES name="tiguidensis">
9279 <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Larsson, Lyon, Moussa, Sadler, Sidor, Varricchio, G. P. Wilson, J. A. Wilson" year="1999"/>
9281 <PLACE name="Niger"/>
9282 <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
9283 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
9285 <P>This newly discovered animal has its own website:
9286 <REFER page="http://www.jobaria.org"/></P>
9290 <GENUS name="Jubbulpuria" type="with">
9292 Jubbulpore <LOW>one</LOW>
9296 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
9297 <PLACE name="India"/>
9298 <REMAINS content="back vertebrae"/>
9299 <SPECIES name="tenuis" status="dubium">
9300 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
9304 <GENUS name="Judinornis" type="with">
9305 <SPECIES name="nogontsavensis">
9306 <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Borkin" year="1983"/>
9309 <LOW>Konstantin Alekseyevich</LOW> Yudin's bird
9312 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
9315 <GENUS name="Jurapteryx">
9316 <AUTHOR name="Howgate" year="1985"/>
9317 <MEANING>Jura wing</MEANING>
9318 <SPECIES name="recurva">
9319 <SYNONYM name="Archaeopteryx recurva" status="objective"/>
9323 <GENUS name="Jurassosaurus" type="with">
9325 Jurassic <LOW>Park</LOW> lizard
9327 <SPECIES name="nedegoapeferkimorum" status="nudum">
9328 <AUTHOR name="Dong"/>
9329 <AUTHOR name="Holden" year="1992"/>
9330 <SYNONYM name="Tianchisaurus nedegoapeferima"/>
9332 <LOW>Sam</LOW> Ne<LOW>ill, Laura</LOW> De<LOW>rn, Jeff</LOW>
9333 Go<LOW>ldblum, Sir Richard</LOW> A<LOW>ttenborough, Bob</LOW>
9334 Pe<LOW>ck, Martin</LOW> Fer<LOW>rero, Wayne </LOW>K<LOW>night,
9335 Ariana R</LOW>i<LOW>chards, & Joseph </LOW>M<LOW>azzello</LOW>'s
9340 <GENUS name="Kagasaurus" status="nudum">
9341 <AUTHOR name="Hisa" year="1988"/>
9346 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
9347 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
9350 <GENUS name="Kaijiangosaurus" type="with">
9354 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
9355 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
9356 <PLACE name="China"/>
9357 <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
9358 <SPECIES name="lini">
9359 <AUTHOR name="He" year="1984"/>
9363 <GENUS name="Kakuru" type="with">
9367 <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
9368 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
9369 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
9370 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
9371 <REMAINS content="tibia"/>
9372 <REMAINS content="foot claw" q="1"/>
9373 <SPECIES name="kujani">
9374 <AUTHOR name="Molnar, Pledge" year="1980"/>
9377 <P> <NOMEN name="Kakuru"/> is the only known <LINK content="dinosaur"/>
9378 preserved as opal, a leg bone resembling <NOMEN name="Avimimus"/>. Its
9379 whereabouts were unknown until recently. </P>
9383 <GENUS name="Kangnasaurus" type="with">
9385 Kangnas <LOW>farm</LOW> lizard
9388 <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
9389 <REMAINS content="tooth, partial hindlimb, postcranial elements"/>
9390 <SPECIES name="coetzeei" status="dubiumQ">
9391 <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1915"/>
9395 <GENUS name="Katsuyamakensaurus" status="unpublished">
9396 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
9397 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
9398 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
9401 <GENUS name="Katsuyamasaurus" status="nudum">
9402 <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
9406 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
9407 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
9408 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
9409 <REMAINS content="ulna, tail vertebra"/>
9412 <GENUS name="Kelmayisaurus" type="with">
9416 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
9417 <TIME value="Albian"/>
9418 <PLACE name="China"/>
9419 <SPECIES name="petrolicus" status="dubium">
9420 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1973"/>
9421 <REMAINS content="maxilla, dentary"/>
9423 <SPECIES name="giganticus" status="nudum">
9424 <AUTHOR name="Grady" year="1993"/>
9425 <LENGTH value="22" q="1"/>
9429 <REMAINS content="vertebral column"/>
9432 <P> <NOMEN name="Kelmayisaurus giganticus"/> has not been described,
9433 and may be a <LINK content="sauropod"/>. </P>
9437 <GENUS name="Kentrosaurus" type="with">
9438 <MISSPELLED name="Kenthrosaurus" author="Nopcsa" year="1923"/>
9442 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
9445 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
9446 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
9447 <REMAINS content="skeletal elements from several individuals"/>
9448 <SPECIES name="aethiopicus">
9449 <AUTHOR name="Hennig" year="1915"/>
9451 Ethiopian <LOW>(African)</LOW>
9454 <SPECIES name="durobrivensis">
9455 <SYNONYM name="Lexovisaurus durobrivensis" status="objective"/>
9457 <SPECIES q="1" name="longispinus" original="Stegosaurus">
9458 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1914"/>
9459 <REMAINS content="fragmentary postcranium"/>
9460 <MEANING>long-spined</MEANING>
9463 <P> This small <LINK content="stegosaur"/> had triangular plates running
9464 down its neck that gave way to spikes on its back and tail. </P>
9468 <GENUS name="Kentrurosaurus">
9469 <MISSPELLED name="Centrurosaurus" author="Nopcsa" year="1917"/>
9470 <MISSPELLED name="Kentrorosaurus" author="Young" year="1944"/>
9471 <MISSPELLED name="Kentruruosaurus" author="Bakker" year="1996"/>
9472 <AUTHOR name="Hennig" year="1916"/>
9476 <SPECIES name="aethiopicus">
9477 <SYNONYM name="Kentrosaurus aethiopicus" status="objective"/>
9478 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Hennig" year="1916"/>
9482 <GENUS name="Kepodactylus" type="with">
9484 Garden <LOW>Park</LOW> finger
9486 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
9487 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
9488 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
9489 <REMAINS content="neck vertebra, partial forelimb"/>
9490 <SPECIES name="insperatus">
9491 <AUTHOR name="Harris, Carpenter" year="1996"/>
9495 <GENUS name="Kitadanisaurus" status="nudum">
9496 <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
9498 Kitadani <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
9500 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
9501 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
9502 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
9503 <REMAINS content="arm, partial leg, partial jaws, teeth"/>
9505 Large for a deinonychosaur.
9509 <GENUS name="Kizylkumavis" type="with">
9510 <SPECIES name="cretacea">
9511 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1984"/>
9512 <MEANING><LOW>from the</LOW> Cretaceous</MEANING>
9515 Kyzyl Kum <LOW>Desert</LOW> bird
9518 <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
9521 <GENUS name="Klamelisaurus" type="with">
9525 <LENGTH value="17"/>
9526 <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
9527 <PLACE name="China"/>
9528 <REMAINS content="complete skeleton"/>
9529 <SPECIES name="gobiensis">
9530 <AUTHOR name="Zhao X." year="1993"/>
9532 from <LOW>the</LOW> Gobi <LOW>Desert</LOW>
9536 <P> Suggested as the adult form of <NOMEN name="Bellusaurus"/>. </P>
9540 <GENUS name="Koparion" type="with">
9542 scalpel <LOW>tooth</LOW>
9544 <LENGTH value="0.5" q="1"/>
9545 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
9546 <PLACE name="Utah"/>
9547 <REMAINS content="upper tooth"/>
9548 <SPECIES name="douglassi">
9549 <AUTHOR name="Chure" year="1994"/>
9552 <P> Could be a tiny, early <LINK content="troodontid"/>. </P>
9556 <GENUS name="Koreanosaurus" status="nudum">
9557 <AUTHOR name="Kim" year="1979"/>
9562 <PLACE name="Korea"/>
9563 <REMAINS content="femur"/>
9566 <GENUS name="Kotasaurus" type="with">
9568 Kota <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
9571 <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
9572 <PLACE name="India"/>
9573 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
9574 <SPECIES name="yamanpalliensis">
9575 <AUTHOR name="Yadagiri" year="1988"/>
9579 <GENUS name="Kritosaurus" type="with">
9583 <LENGTH value="10"/>
9584 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
9585 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
9586 <SPECIES name="navajovius" status="dubiumQ">
9587 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1910"/>
9588 <PLACE name="New Mexico, Texas"/>
9589 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull, postcrania"/>
9591 Navahos' <LOW>(North American tribe)</LOW>
9594 <SPECIES name="australis">
9595 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1984"/>
9596 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
9601 <SPECIES name="breviceps">
9602 <SYNONYM name="Prosaurolophus breviceps" status="objective"/>
9604 <SPECIES name="grallipes">
9605 <SYNONYM name="Pteropelyx grallipes" status="objective"/>
9607 <SPECIES name="horneri">
9608 <SYNONYM name="Anasazisaurus horneri" status="objective"/>
9610 <SPECIES name="incurvimanus">
9611 <SYNONYM name="Gryposaurus incurvimanus" status="objective"/>
9613 <SPECIES name="latidens">
9614 <SYNONYM name="Gryposaurus latidens" status="objective"/>
9616 <SPECIES name="marginatus" status="dubium" original="Trachodon">
9617 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
9618 <SYNONYM name="navajovius"/>
9620 <SPECIES name="notabilis">
9621 <SYNONYM name="Gryposaurus notabilis" status="objective"/>
9624 <P> <NOMEN name="Kritosaurus australis"/> is the only well-known
9625 <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/> from the Southern Hemisphere. It may not
9626 belong to the same genus as the poorly known type of
9627 <NOMEN name="Kritosaurus"/>. </P>
9629 <P> <NOMEN name="Anasazisaurus"/> and <NOMEN name="Naashoibitosaurus"/>
9630 may be variants of <NOMEN name="K. navajovius"/>. </P>
9634 <GENUS name="Kulceratops" type="with">
9638 <TIME value="Albian"/>
9639 <PLACE name="Asia"/>
9640 <REMAINS content="maxilla"/>
9641 <SPECIES name="kulensis" status="dubiumQ">
9642 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
9646 <GENUS name="Kunmingosaurus" type="with">
9651 <PLACE name="China"/>
9652 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
9653 <SPECIES name="wudingensis" status="nudum">
9654 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
9658 <GENUS name="Kuszholia">
9659 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1992"/>
9664 <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
9666 <P> Possibly flightless. </P>
9668 <P> Named after <I>Kus Zholi</I>, the Kazakh term for The Milky Way. </P>
9672 <GENUS name="Labocania" type="with">
9674 La Bocana <LOW>Roja Formation one</LOW>
9677 <MASS value="1500" q="1"/>
9678 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
9679 <PLACE name="Mexico"/>
9680 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
9681 <SPECIES name="anomala" status="dubiumQ">
9682 <AUTHOR name="Molnar" year="1974"/>
9689 Although classified as a <LINK content="tyrannosaurid"/>,
9690 the remains of this <LINK content="theropod"/> are too scrappy to place it
9696 <GENUS name="Labrosaurus">
9697 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
9701 <SPECIES name="lucaris">
9702 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus lucaris" status="objective"/>
9704 <SPECIES name="ferox">
9705 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus ferox" status="objective"/>
9707 <SPECIES name="fragilis">
9708 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus fragilis" status="objective"/>
9710 <SPECIES name="medius">
9711 <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus medius" status="objective"/>
9713 <SPECIES name="meriani">
9714 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus meriani" status="objective"/>
9716 <SPECIES name="stechowi" status="dubium">
9717 <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1925"/>
9718 <MISSPELLED name="steschowi" author="Chabli" year="1986"/>
9719 <SYNONYM name="Ceratosaurus roechlingi"/>
9721 <SPECIES name="sulcatus" status="dubium">
9722 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1896"/>
9723 <SYNONYM name="Ceratosaurus nasicornis"/>
9725 <SPECIES name="trihedrodon">
9726 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus trihedrodon" status="objective"/>
9730 <GENUS name="Laelaps" type="with">
9731 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Koch" year="1839"/>
9732 <MEANING>Laelaps <LOW>(mythological leaper)</LOW></MEANING>
9733 <SPECIES name="aquilunguis">
9734 <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus aquilunguis" status="objective"/>
9736 <SPECIES name="cristatus">
9737 <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus cristatus" status="objective"/>
9739 <SPECIES name="explanatus">
9740 <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus explanatus" status="objective"/>
9742 <SPECIES name="falculus">
9743 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
9744 <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon mirandis"/>
9746 <SPECIES name="gallicus">
9747 <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus gallicus" status="objective"/>
9749 <SPECIES name="hazenianus" status="dubium">
9750 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
9751 <SYNONYM name="Deinodon horridus"/>
9753 <SPECIES name="incrassatus">
9754 <SYNONYM name="Deinodon incrassatus" status="objective"/>
9756 <SPECIES name="incrassatus2" status="dubiumQ">
9757 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1892"/>
9758 <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus sarcophagus"/>
9760 <SPECIES name="laevifrons" status="dubium">
9761 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
9762 <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus cristatus"/>
9764 <SPECIES name="macropus" status="dubium">
9765 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1868"/>
9766 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus antiquus"/>
9771 <SPECIES name="trihedrodon">
9772 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus trihedrodon" status="objective"/>
9776 <GENUS name="Laevisuchus" type="with">
9778 lucky/left/light crocodile
9780 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
9781 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
9782 <PLACE name="India"/>
9783 <REMAINS type="co" museum="IM" id="K20/613" content="cervical vertebra"/>
9784 <REMAINS type="co" museum="IM" id="K20/614" content="cervical vertebra"/>
9785 <REMAINS type="co" museum="IM" id="K20/696" content="cervical vertebra"/>
9786 <SPECIES name="indicus">
9787 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
9788 <MEANING>Indian</MEANING>
9792 <GENUS name="Lagerpeton" type="with">
9793 <LENGTH value="0.7" q="1"/>
9794 <MASS value="0.45"/>
9795 <TIME value="Ladinian"/>
9796 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
9797 <REMAINS content="hindlimb, hips, vertebrae, foot, miscellaneous elements"/>
9798 <SPECIES name="canarensis">
9799 <AUTHOR name="Romer" year="1971"/>
9803 <GENUS name="Lagosuchus" type="with">
9807 <LENGTH value="0.4"/>
9808 <MASS value="0.09"/>
9809 <TIME value="Ladinian"/>
9810 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
9811 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
9812 <SPECIES name="talampayensis" status="dubium">
9813 <AUTHOR name="Romer" year="1971"/>
9814 <MEANING>from Talampaya <LOW>National Park</LOW></MEANING>
9816 <SPECIES name="lilloensis">
9817 <SYNONYM name="Marasuchus lilloensis" status="objective"/>
9820 <P> <REFER page="Marasuchus"/> </P>
9824 <GENUS name="Lambeosaurus" type="with">
9826 <LOW>Lawrence M.</LOW> Lambe's lizard
9829 <LENGTH value="15"/>
9830 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
9831 <SPECIES name="lambei">
9832 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1923"/>
9833 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
9834 <REMAINS content="7 specimens, 10 skulls (juvenile to adult)"/>
9836 <LOW>Lawrence M.</LOW> Lambe's
9839 <SPECIES name="clavinitalis">
9840 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1935"/>
9841 <SYNONYM name="lambei"/>
9843 <SPECIES name="laticaudus" status="dubiumQ">
9844 <AUTHOR name="Morris" year="1941"/>
9845 <PLACE name="Mexico"/>
9846 <REMAINS content="skull, postcranial elements"/>
9848 <SPECIES name="magnicristatus">
9849 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1935"/>
9850 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
9851 <REMAINS content="skeleton, skull"/>
9856 <SPECIES name="paucidens" status="dubium" original="Hadrosaurus">
9857 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
9858 <SYNONYM name="lambei"/>
9860 <SPECIES name="sp.">
9861 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
9864 <P> The "hatchet-shaped" crest of <NOMEN name="Lambeosaurus lambei"/> had a
9865 large, hollow part pointing forward from above the eyes and a spike jutting
9866 backward. The crest of <NOMEN name="L. magnicristatus"/> had a larger hollow
9867 section and barely any spike, looking more like <NOMEN name="Corythosaurus"/>
9868 and its relatives. </P>
9872 <GENUS name="Lametasaurus" type="with">
9874 Lameta <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
9876 <SPECIES name="indicus">
9877 <AUTHOR name="Matley" year="1923"/>
9878 <SYNONYM name="Indosuchus raptorius"/>
9879 <PROPERTAXON name="Ankylosauria"/>
9886 <GENUS name="Lanasaurus" type="with">
9890 <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
9891 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
9892 <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
9893 <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
9894 <REMAINS content="maxilla"/>
9895 <SPECIES name="scalpridens">
9896 <AUTHOR name="Gow" year="1975"/>
9899 <P> May be the same as <NOMEN name="Lycorhinus angustidens"/>. </P>
9903 <GENUS name="Lancangosaurus" status="nudum">
9904 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
9905 <SYNONYM name="Datousaurus bashanensis"/>
9908 <GENUS name="Lancanjiangosaurus" type="with">
9909 <PLACE name="Asia"/>
9910 <SPECIES name="cachuensis" status="nudum">
9911 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
9915 <GENUS name="Laopteryx" status="dubium">
9916 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
9920 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
9921 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
9922 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
9925 <GENUS name="Laosaurus" type="with">
9929 <SPECIES name="celer">
9930 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
9931 <SYNONYM name="Othnielia rex"/>
9933 <SPECIES name="altus">
9934 <SYNONYM name="Dryosaurus altus" status="objective"/>
9936 <SPECIES name="consors">
9937 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1894"/>
9938 <SYNONYM name="Othnielia rex"/>
9940 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
9941 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1925"/>
9942 <SYNONYM name="Dryosaurus altus"/>
9947 <SPECIES name="minimus">
9948 <SYNONYM name="Orodromeus minimus" status="objective"/>
9950 <SPECIES name="rex">
9951 <SYNONYM name="Othnielia rex" status="objective"/>
9955 <GENUS name="Laplatasaurus" type="with">
9959 <LENGTH value="18" q="1"/>
9960 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
9961 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
9962 <SPECIES name="araukanicus">
9963 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
9964 <PLACE name="Argentina, Uruguay"/>
9965 <REMAINS content="partial tail, limb elements, dermal armor"/>
9967 <SPECIES name="madagascariensis" status="dubiumQ" original="Titanosaurus">
9968 <AUTHOR name="Depéret" year="1896"/>
9969 <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
9970 <REMAINS content="2 tail vertebrae, scute"/>
9975 <SPECIES name="wichmannianus">
9976 <SYNONYM name="Antarctosaurus wichmannianus" status="objective"/>
9980 <GENUS name="Lapparentosaurus" type="with">
9982 <LOW>Albert F. de</LOW> Lapparent's lizard
9984 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
9985 <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
9986 <REMAINS age="juvenile" content="4 partial postcrania, teeth"/>
9987 <SPECIES name="madagascariensis">
9988 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1986"/>
9993 <ESSAY><P>This material was originally assigned to <NOMEN name="Bothriospondylus madagascariensis"/>.
9997 <GENUS name="Largirostrisornis" type="with">
10001 <TIME section="late" value="Aptian" q="1"/>
10002 <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
10003 <PLACE name="China"/>
10004 <SPECIES name="sexdentoris">
10005 <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1997"/>
10010 <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="V. 10531" type="holo" content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
10013 <GENUS name="Leaellynasaura" type="with">
10015 Leaellyn <LOW>Rich's</LOW> lizard
10017 <LENGTH value="2"/>
10018 <LENGTH value="3"/>
10019 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
10020 <TIME value="Albian"/>
10021 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
10022 <REMAINS content="skull fragments, teeth, postcrania"/>
10023 <SPECIES name="amicagraphica">
10024 <AUTHOR name="T. Rich, P. Rich" year="1989"/>
10027 <P> <NOMEN name="Leaellynasaura"/> is known from the
10028 mid-<LINK content="Cretaceous"/> of Australia, which was close to the South
10029 Pole at the time. It had very large eyes, which some have interpreted as an
10030 adaptation to the long period of winter darkness which occurs near the south
10035 <GENUS name="Lectavis" type="with">
10036 <SPECIES name="brevipedalis">
10037 <MEANING>short-footed</MEANING>
10038 <AUTHOR name="Chiappe" year="1993"/>
10041 bed <LOW>(=Lecho Formation)</LOW> bird
10044 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
10047 <GENUS name="Leipsanosaurus" type="with">
10048 <MISSPELLED name="Lepanosaurus"/>
10049 <SPECIES name="noricus" status="dubium">
10050 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1918"/>
10051 <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus transylvanicus"/>
10055 <GENUS name="Lenesornis">
10056 <AUTHOR name="Kurochkin" year="1996"/>
10058 Le<LOW>v Alexandrovich</LOW> Nes<LOW>sov's</LOW> bird
10060 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
10061 <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
10062 <SPECIES name="maltshevskyi" original="Ichthyornis">
10063 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1986"/>
10067 <GENUS name="Leptoceratops" type="with">
10069 slender horned face
10071 <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
10072 <LENGTH value="3"/>
10074 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
10075 <PLACE name="Alberta, Wyoming"/>
10076 <REMAINS content="5 skulls (3 complete), skeletons"/>
10077 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
10078 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1914"/>
10083 <SPECIES name="cerorhynchus">
10084 <SYNONYM name="Montanoceratops cerorhynchus" status="objective"/>
10087 <P> Bipedal or facultatively quadrupedal. </P>
10091 <GENUS name="Leptospondylus" type="with">
10095 <SPECIES name="capensis" status="dubium">
10096 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1854"/>
10097 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
10101 <GENUS name="Lesothosaurus" type="with">
10105 <LENGTH value="1"/>
10106 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
10107 <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
10108 <PLACE name="Lesotho"/>
10109 <REMAINS content="4 skulls, skeletal material"/>
10110 <SPECIES name="diagnosticus">
10111 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1978"/>
10116 <SPECIES name="australis">
10117 <SYNONYM status="objective" name="Fabrosaurus australis"/>
10118 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Norman" year="1985"/>
10121 <P> <NOMEN name="Lesothosaurus"/> could be a junior synonym of
10122 <NOMEN name="Fabrosaurus"/>. Although the type material of
10123 <NOMEN name="Fabrosaurus"/> is very similar to <NOMEN name="Lesothosaurus"/>
10124 material, the <NOMEN name="Fabrosaurus"/> material is very poor,
10125 and not quite good enough to tell if these two are indeed the same. </P>
10127 <P> <NOMEN name="Lesothosaurus"/> is the best known
10128 non-<LINK content="genasaurian ornithischian"/>. </P>
10132 <GENUS name="Lessemsaurus" type="with">
10133 <MEANING><LOW>Don</LOW> Lessem's lizard</MEANING>
10134 <SPECIES name="sauropoides">
10135 <MEANING><LINK content="sauropod"/>-like</MEANING>
10136 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1999"/>
10138 <TIME value="Norian"/>
10139 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
10140 <REMAINS content="partial articulated spine" comment="mainly neural arches" type="holo"/>
10143 <GENUS name="Lestornis">
10144 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1876"/>
10145 <SYNONYM name="Hesperornis"/>
10151 <GENUS name="Lewisuchus" type="with">
10152 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
10153 <SPECIES name="admixtus">
10154 <AUTHOR name="Romer" year="1972"/>
10155 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
10159 <GENUS name="Lexovisaurus">
10160 <MISSPELLED name="Lexovsaurus"/>
10161 <AUTHOR name="Hoffstetter" year="1957"/>
10163 Lexovix <LOW>(tribe)</LOW> lizard
10165 <LENGTH value="5"/>
10166 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
10167 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
10168 <PLACE name="England, France"/>
10169 <REMAINS content="3 partial postcrania, skeletal elements (juvenile to adult)"/>
10170 <SPECIES name="durobrivensis">
10171 <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1887"/>
10173 <SPECIES name="leedsi">
10174 <SYNONYM name="Sarcolestes leedsi" status="objective"/>
10176 <SPECIES name="vetustus" status="dubium" original="Omosaurus">
10177 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1910"/>
10180 <P> Plates formerly assigned to <NOMEN name="Lexovisaurus durobrivensis"/> were
10181 actually the gill rakers of a large <LINK content="fish"/>
10182 (<NOMEN nolink="1" name="Leedsichthys"/>). </P>
10186 <GENUS name="Liaoningornis" type="with">
10188 Liaoning <LOW>Province</LOW> bird
10190 <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
10191 <PLACE name="China"/>
10192 <SPECIES name="longiditrus">
10193 <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1997"/>
10196 <P> Possibly the earliest <LINK content="ornithuran bird"/>. </P>
10200 <GENUS name="Liaoxiornis" type="with">
10201 <LENGTH value="0.06"/>
10202 <TIME section="late" value="Barremian"/>
10203 <PLACE name="China"/>
10204 <SPECIES name="delicatus">
10205 <AUTHOR name="Hou, Chen" year="1999"/>
10206 <MEANING>delicate</MEANING>
10209 <P> This tiny <LINK content="bird"/> is the smallest known adult
10210 <LINK content="dinosaur"/> from the <LINK content="Mesozoic Era"/>,
10211 under 2½ inches in length, despite its unusually long pygostyle. </P>
10215 <GENUS name="Liassaurus" type="with">
10216 <MEANING><LINK content="Lias"/> lizard</MEANING>
10217 <SPECIES name="huenei" status="nudum">
10218 <MEANING><LOW>Friedrich von</LOW> Huene's</MEANING>
10219 <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
10220 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
10223 <PLACE name="Europe"/>
10224 <REMAINS content="tibia" museum="Warwick Museum"/>
10227 <GENUS name="Libycosaurus" type="with">
10228 <SPECIES name="petrocchi">
10229 <AUTHOR name="Bonarelli" year="1947"/>
10230 <PROPERTAXON name="Artiodactyla"/>
10233 Originally described as an <LINK content="iguanodont"/>, but shown by
10234 de Lapparent in 1954 to be the synonym of a <LINK content="mammalian"/>
10239 <GENUS name="Ligabueino" type="with">
10241 <LOW>Giancarlo</LOW> Ligabue's little <LOW>one</LOW>
10243 <LENGTH value="0.7" q="1"/>
10244 <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
10245 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
10246 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, etc."/>
10247 <SPECIES name="andesi">
10248 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1995"/>
10250 <LOW>from the</LOW> Andes <LOW>Mountains</LOW>
10255 <GENUS name="Likhoelesaurus" type="with">
10256 <SPECIES name="ingens">
10257 <AUTHOR name="Ellenberger" year="1972"/>
10258 <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauria" incertae="1"/>
10260 <SPECIES name="ferox" status="nudum">
10261 <MEANING>fierce</MEANING>
10262 <AUTHOR name="Ellenberger" year="1972"/>
10263 <SYNONYM name="ingens"/>
10269 May be the same as <NOMEN name="Basutodon ferox"/>.
10273 <GENUS name="Liliensternus">
10274 <AUTHOR name="Welles" year="1984"/>
10276 <LOW>Hugo Rüle von</LOW> Lilienstern's <LOW>one</LOW>
10278 <LENGTH value="7" q="1"/>
10279 <LENGTH age="subadult" value="3"/>
10280 <LENGTH age="subadult" value="5"/>
10281 <MASS value="400" q="1"/>
10282 <MASS age="subadult" value="130"/>
10283 <TIME section="late" value="Norian"/>
10284 <TIME value="Rhaetian"/>
10285 <SPECIES name="liliensterni" original="Halticosaurus">
10286 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1934"/>
10287 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
10288 <REMAINS content="2 partial subadult skeletons"/>
10290 <LOW>Hugo Rüle von</LOW> Lilienstern's
10293 <SPECIES name="airelensis">
10294 <AUTHOR name="Curry, Galton" year="1993"/>
10295 <PLACE name="France"/>
10296 <REMAINS content="tooth, vertebrae, partial pelvic girdle"/>
10298 <SPECIES name="orbitoangulatus" original="Halticosaurus">
10299 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
10300 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
10301 <REMAINS content="partial skull"/>
10308 <GENUS name="Limaysaurus" status="nudum">
10309 <AUTHOR name="Calvo, Salgado"/>
10310 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Novas" year="1997"/>
10314 <TIME value="Albian"/>
10315 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
10316 <SPECIES name="tessonei" original="Rebbachisaurus">
10317 <AUTHOR name="Calvo, Salgado" year="1995"/>
10320 <P> May belong to <NOMEN name="Rebbachisaurus"/>. </P>
10324 <GENUS name="Limnosaurus" type="with">
10325 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
10329 <SPECIES name="transylvanicus">
10330 <SYNONYM name="Telmatosaurus transylvanicus" status="objective"/>
10334 <GENUS name="Lingyuanornis" type="with">
10335 <MEANING>Lingyuan bird</MEANING>
10336 <TIME value="Barremian" section="middle"/>
10337 <PLACE name="China"/>
10338 <SPECIES name="parvus">
10339 <MEANING>small</MEANING>
10340 <AUTHOR year="1999" name="Ji Q., Ji S."/>
10344 <GENUS name="Lirainosaurus" type="with">
10345 <MISSPELLED name="Lirainasaurus"/>
10346 <MEANING>slender <LOW>(Basque)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
10347 <SPECIES name="astibiae">
10348 <AUTHOR name="Sanz, J. E. Powell, Le Loeuff, Martínez, Pereda-Suberbiola" year="1999"/>
10349 <MEANING><LOW>Humberto</LOW> Astiba's</MEANING>
10351 <TIME value="Campanian" section="late"/>
10352 <TIME value="Maastrichtian" section="early" q="1"/>
10353 <PLACE name="Spain"/>
10354 <REMAINS type="holo" content="anterior caudal vertebra"/>
10355 <REMAINS type="para" content="occipital part of skull, isolated teeth, dorsal & caudal vertebrae, coracoid, sternal plate, humeri, fragments of ilium & pubis, femors, tibia, osteoderms"/>
10358 <GENUS name="Lisboasaurus">
10359 <AUTHOR name="Seiffert" year="1973"/>
10360 <PROPERTAXON name="Mesoeucrocodylia"/>
10366 <GENUS name="Lonchodectes">
10367 <AUTHOR name="Hooley" year="1914"/>
10368 <SYNONYM name="Ornithocheirus"/>
10374 <GENUS name="Loncosaurus" type="with">
10378 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
10379 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
10380 <TIME section="early" value="Campanian"/>
10381 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
10382 <REMAINS content="end of femur, teeth"/>
10383 <SPECIES name="argentinus" status="dubium">
10384 <AUTHOR name="Ameghino" year="1899"/>
10391 <GENUS name="Longchengornis" type="with">
10392 <MISSPELLED name="Langchengornis"/>
10393 <PLACE name="China"/>
10394 <TIME section="late" value="Aptian" q="1"/>
10395 <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
10396 <MEANING>Dragon Town <LOW>(Chaoyang)</LOW> bird</MEANING>
10397 <SPECIES name="sanyanensis">
10398 <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1997"/>
10399 <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> three <LOW>feudal states of the</LOW> Yan <LOW>Kingdom</LOW></MEANING>
10401 <REMAINS type="holo" museum="IVPP" id="V. 10530" content="incomplete skeleton with skull fragments"/>
10402 <ESSAY><P>About the size of a <LINK content="sparrow"/>.</P></ESSAY>
10405 <GENUS name="Longisquama" type="with">
10409 <SPECIES name="insignis">
10410 <AUTHOR name="Sharov" year="1970"/>
10411 <PROPERTAXON name="Diapsida" incertae="1"/>
10415 <GENUS name="Longosaurus">
10416 <AUTHOR name="Welles" year="1984"/>
10420 <SPECIES name="longicollis">
10421 <SYNONYM name="Coelurus longicollis" status="objective"/>
10425 <GENUS name="Lophorhothon" type="with">
10429 <LENGTH value="15"/>
10430 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
10431 <PLACE name="Alabama, N. Carolina"/>
10432 <PLACE name="Mississippi" q="1"/>
10433 <REMAINS content="skeleton, skeletal elements"/>
10434 <REMAINS content="tooth" q="1"/>
10435 <SPECIES name="atopus">
10436 <AUTHOR name="Langston" year="1960"/>
10439 <P> Could be a <LINK content="hadrosaurine"/> or a young
10440 <NOMEN name="Parasaurolophus"/>. Had a small bump in front of its eyes. </P>
10444 <GENUS name="Loricosaurus" type="with">
10445 <SPECIES name="scutatus">
10446 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
10447 <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus australis"/>
10451 <GENUS name="Lourinhanosaurus" type="with">
10453 Lourinhã <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
10455 <TIME section="late" value="Kimmeridgian"/>
10456 <TIME section="early" value="Tithonian"/>
10457 <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
10458 <LENGTH value="4.5"/>
10459 <REMAINS type="holo" content="cervical, dorsal, & caudal vertebrae; ribs; chevrons; pelvic girdle; hindlimbs; gastroliths"/>
10460 <REMAINS content="eggs with embryos"/>
10461 <SPECIES name="antunesi">
10462 <AUTHOR name="Mateus" year="1998"/>
10466 <GENUS name="Lourinhasaurus">
10467 <AUTHOR name="Dantas, Sanz, Da Silva, Ortega, Dos Santos, Cachco" year="1998"/>
10469 Lourinhã <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
10471 <LENGTH value="17"/>
10472 <MASS value="15000"/>
10473 <MASS value="20000"/>
10474 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
10475 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
10476 <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
10477 <REMAINS content="partial postcrania, tail vertebrae, teeth"/>
10478 <SPECIES name="alenquerensis" original="Apatosaurus">
10479 <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent, Zbyszewski" year="1957"/>
10482 <P> Originally assigned to <NOMEN name="Apatosaurus"/>, and then to
10483 <NOMEN name="Camarasaurus"/>, new material shows that this Portuguese
10484 species to belong to a separate genus. </P>
10488 <GENUS name="Luanpingosaurus" type="with">
10490 <PLACE name="China"/>
10491 <SPECIES name="jingshanensis" status="nudum">
10492 <AUTHOR name="Cheng"/>
10493 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Chen" year="1996"/>
10497 <GENUS name="Lucianosaurus" type="with">
10499 Luciano <LOW>Mesa</LOW> lizard
10501 <TIME value="Norian" q="1"/>
10502 <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
10503 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
10504 <SPECIES name="wildi">
10505 <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1994"/>
10509 <GENUS name="Lufengocephalus" type="with">
10511 Lu-feng <LOW>Series</LOW> head
10513 <SPECIES name="tawae">
10514 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1974"/>
10515 <SYNONYM name="Tawasaurus minor"/>
10519 <GENUS name="Lufengosaurus" type="with">
10521 Lu-Feng <LOW>Series</LOW> lizard
10523 <LENGTH value="6"/>
10524 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
10525 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
10526 <PLACE name="China"/>
10527 <REMAINS content="over 30 skeletons (some complete, some juvenile)"/>
10528 <SPECIES name="huenei">
10529 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1941"/>
10531 <LOW>Friedrich von</LOW> Huene's
10534 <SPECIES name="changduensis" status="nudum">
10535 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
10537 <SPECIES name="magnus">
10538 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1942"/>
10539 <SYNONYM name="huenei"/>
10546 <GENUS name="Lukousaurus" type="with">
10548 Lukou <LOW>Bridge</LOW> lizard
10550 <SPECIES name="yini">
10551 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1948"/>
10552 <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauria" incertae="1"/>
10556 <GENUS name="Lurdusaurus" type="with">
10560 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
10561 <PLACE name="Niger"/>
10562 <SPECIES name="arenatus">
10563 <AUTHOR name="Taquet, D. A. Russell" year="1999"/>
10565 <LENGTH value="9"/>
10566 <MASS value="5000"/>
10567 <REMAINS type="holo" museum="MMHN GDF" id="1700" content="partial skull postcranium missing parts of pelvis & pes"/>
10569 <P> Previously known as <NOMEN name="Gravisaurus"/>. A bulky, massively
10570 constructed <LINK content="iguanodont"/>. </P>
10574 <GENUS name="Lusitanosaurus" type="with">
10576 Lusitanian <LOW>(=Portuguese)</LOW> lizard
10578 <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
10579 <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
10580 <REMAINS content="skull fragment, teeth"/>
10581 <SPECIES name="liassicus" status="dubium">
10582 <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent, Zbyszewski" year="1957"/>
10584 Lias <LOW>(=<LINK content="Early Jurassic"/>)</LOW>
10588 <P> Probably a basal <LINK content="thyreophoran"/> of some kind. </P>
10592 <GENUS name="Lycorhinus" type="with">
10596 <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
10597 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
10598 <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
10599 <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
10600 <REMAINS content="dentary"/>
10601 <SPECIES name="angustidens">
10602 <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
10603 <MISSPELLED name="angusticeps" author="Gow" year="1991"/>
10605 <SPECIES name="consors">
10606 <SYNONYM name="Abrictosaurus consors" status="objective"/>
10608 <SPECIES name="tucki">
10609 <SYNONYM name="Heterodontosaurus tucki" status="objective"/>
10610 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Thulborn" year="1970"/>
10613 <P> Originally thought to be a mammal, since its sharp tusks look like
10618 <GENUS name="Macelognathus">
10619 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1884"/>
10620 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
10623 <GENUS name="Macrodontophion" status="dubium">
10624 <AUTHOR name="Zborzewski" year="1834"/>
10625 <PROPERTAXON name="Reptilia" incertae="1"/>
10628 <GENUS name="Macrophalangia" type="with">
10632 <SPECIES name="canadensis">
10633 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1932"/>
10634 <SYNONYM name="Chirostenotes pergracilis"/>
10639 <SPECIES name="elegans">
10640 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus elegans" status="objective"/>
10644 <GENUS name="Macroscelosaurus" status="nudum">
10645 <AUTHOR name="Münster"/>
10646 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="von Meyer" year="1847"/>
10650 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
10653 <GENUS name="Macrurosaurus" type="with">
10657 <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
10658 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
10659 <TIME value="Albian"/>
10660 <PLACE name="England"/>
10661 <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae, elements"/>
10662 <SPECIES name="semnus">
10663 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1896"/>
10665 <SPECIES name="platypus">
10666 <SYNONYM name="Acanthopholis platypus" status="objective"/>
10670 <GENUS name="Madsenius" status="nudum">
10671 <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
10672 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus"/>
10675 <GENUS name="Magnosaurus">
10676 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
10680 <MASS value="150" q="1"/>
10681 <MASS value="200" q="1"/>
10682 <TIME value="Aalenian" q="1"/>
10683 <TIME section="early" value="Bajocian"/>
10684 <PLACE name="England"/>
10685 <SPECIES name="nethercombensis" original="Megalosaurus">
10686 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1923"/>
10687 <REMAINS content="dentaries, teeth, postcranial fragments"/>
10689 <SPECIES name="lydekkeri" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
10690 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1926"/>
10691 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
10693 <SPECIES name="woodwardi">
10694 <SYNONYM name="Walgettosuchus woodwardi" status="objective"/>
10698 <GENUS name="Magulodon" type="with">
10702 <TIME value="Albian"/>
10703 <PLACE name="Maryland"/>
10704 <REMAINS content="2 teeth"/>
10705 <SPECIES name="muirkirkensis" status="dubium">
10706 <AUTHOR name="Kranz" year="1996"/>
10713 <GENUS name="Magyarosaurus">
10714 <MISSPELLED name="Maggiarosaurus"/>
10715 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
10717 Magyars' <LOW>European tribe</LOW> lizard
10719 <LENGTH value="5"/>
10720 <LENGTH value="6"/>
10721 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
10722 <SPECIES name="dacus" original="Titanosaurus">
10723 <PLACE name="Hungary, Romania"/>
10724 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1915"/>
10725 <REMAINS content="postcranial remains from at least 10 individuals"/>
10726 <REMAINS q="1" content="osteoderm"/>
10728 <SPECIES name="hungaricus">
10729 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
10730 <SYNONYM name="dacus"/>
10731 <REMAINS content="fibula"/>
10736 <SPECIES name="transylvanicus">
10737 <PLACE name="Romania"/>
10738 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
10739 <REMAINS content="postcranial material"/>
10745 <P> A dwarf <LINK content="sauropod"/>. </P>
10749 <GENUS name="Maiasaura" type="with">
10753 <LENGTH value="9"/>
10754 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
10755 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
10756 <REMAINS content="over 200 skeletons (from embryo to adult), eggs"/>
10757 <SPECIES name="peeblesorum">
10758 <AUTHOR name="Horner, Makela" year="1979"/>
10761 <P> Babies have been found of this <LINK content="duck-bill"/>. They hatched
10762 in great earthen nests, like those of crocodiles or mallee fowl, and were
10763 watched over by the parents. The nests, each containing 20-30 eggs, were
10764 grouped in colonies for better protection against predators. </P>
10766 <P> Infant <NOMEN name="Maiasaura"/> about three feet long have been found.
10767 The eggs were much smaller, on level with those of today's largest birds. The
10768 relatively tiny baby <LINK content="hadrosaurids"/> had a lot of growing to
10769 do before they could become 30- to 40-foot-long fully grown duck-bills. </P>
10771 <P> <NOMEN name="Maiasaura"/> had a very small, spiky crest in front of its
10776 <GENUS name="Majungasaurus" type="with">
10780 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
10781 <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
10782 <REMAINS content="partial dentary, teeth, tail vertebrae"/>
10783 <SPECIES name="crenatissimus" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
10784 <AUTHOR name="Depéret" year="1896"/>
10785 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Lavocat" year="1955"/>
10788 <P> May be the same as <NOMEN name="Majungatholus"/>, but material is too
10789 scant to be certain. </P>
10793 <GENUS name="Majungatholus" type="with">
10797 <LENGTH value="7"/>
10798 <LENGTH value="9"/>
10799 <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
10800 <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
10801 <PLACEn name="Egypt, India" q="1"/>
10802 <REMAINS content="adult individual (nearly complete skull, most of tail), immature individual (incomplete skull, spine except for tail, ilium, ribs), etc."/>
10803 <SPECIES name="atopus">
10804 <AUTHOR name="Sues, Taquet" year="1979"/>
10807 <P> <NOMEN name="Majungatholus"/>. was originally thought to be a
10808 <LINK content="pachycephalosaur"/>. Then it was synonymized with
10809 <NOMEN name="Majungasaurus"/>, an <LINK content="abelisaur"/> known from part
10810 of a jawbone. More recently, <NOMEN name="Majungasaurus"/> material has been
10811 judged too poor to make synonymy certain. </P>
10813 <P> This animal had a small horn above its eyes. The skull was nearly 60cm
10818 <GENUS name="Malawisaurus">
10819 <AUTHOR name="Jacobs, Winkler, Downs, Gomani" year="1993"/>
10824 <PLACE name="Malawi"/>
10825 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, ischium, pubis, partial scapula, sternal plates, premaxilla, dentaries, teeth"/>
10826 <SPECIES name="dixeyi" original="Gigantosaurus2">
10827 <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1928"/>
10828 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Jacobs, Winkler, Downs, Gomani" year="1993"/>
10832 <GENUS name="Maleevosaurus">
10833 <AUTHOR name="Pickering" year="1984"/>
10834 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Carpenter" year="1992"/>
10836 <LOW>Eugene Alexandrovich</LOW> Maleev's lizard
10838 <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
10839 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus novojilovi" status="objective"/>
10843 <GENUS name="Maleevus">
10844 <AUTHOR name="Tumanova" year="1987"/>
10846 <LOW>Eugene Alexandrovich</LOW> Maleev's <LOW>one</LOW>
10848 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
10849 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
10850 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
10851 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull"/>
10852 <SPECIES name="disparoserratus" original="Syrmosaurus">
10853 <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1952"/>
10854 <MEANING>disparately serrated</MEANING>
10858 <GENUS name="Mamenchisaurus" type="with">
10859 <MISSPELLED name="Mamemchisaurus"/>
10860 <MISSPELLED name="Mamenchiosaurus"/>
10861 <MISSPELLED name="Mamenchisaurus"/>
10862 <MISSPELLED name="Mammenchisaurus"/>
10863 <MISSPELLED name="Menenchisaurus"/>
10865 Mamenxi <LOW>Ferry</LOW> lizard
10867 <LENGTH value="22"/>
10868 <LENGTH value="25"/>
10869 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
10870 <PLACE name="China"/>
10871 <PLACE name="Mongolia" q="1"/>
10872 <SPECIES name="constructus">
10873 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1954"/>
10874 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
10876 <SPECIES name="anyuensis">
10877 <AUTHOR name="He, Yang, Cai, Li, Liu" year="1996"/>
10879 <SPECIES name="changshouensis" original="Omeisaurus">
10880 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1958"/>
10881 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
10883 <SPECIES name="fuxiensis" original="Zigongosaurus">
10884 <AUTHOR name="Hou, Zhao, Chu" year="1976"/>
10886 <SPECIES name="gongjianensis" status="nudum" original="Omeisaurus">
10887 <AUTHOR name="Zhang, Zhen" year="1996"/>
10889 <SPECIES name="guangyuanensis" status="nudum">
10890 <AUTHOR name="Zhang, Li, Zeng" year="1998"/>
10892 <SPECIES name="hochuanensis">
10893 <AUTHOR name="Young, Zhao" year="1972"/>
10894 <MASS value="11500"/>
10895 <REMAINS content="4 partial postcrania"/>
10897 <SPECIES name="jingyangensis" status="nudum">
10898 <AUTHOR name="Zhang, Li, Zeng" year="1998"/>
10899 <REMAINS content="fragmentary specimen with skull"/>
10901 <SPECIES name="luoquanensis">
10902 <SYNONYM name="Omeisaurus luoquanensis" status="objective"/>
10904 <SPECIES name="sinocanadorum">
10905 <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell, Zheng" year="1995"/>
10906 <LENGTH value="26"/>
10907 <MASS value="17500"/>
10908 <REMAINS content="partial skull, partial skull, neck vertebrae, ribs"/>
10913 <SPECIES name="tianfuensis">
10914 <SYNONYM name="Omeisaurus tianfuensis" status="objective"/>
10916 <SPECIES name="yangi" status="nudum">
10917 <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1993"/>
10918 <SYNONYM name="youngi"/>
10920 <SPECIES name="yaochinensis" status="nudum">
10921 <AUTHOR name="He, al." year="1996"/>
10922 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Dong" year="1999"/>
10924 <SPECIES name="youngi">
10925 <AUTHOR name="Pi, Ouyang, Ye" year="1996"/>
10927 <SPECIES name="youngsi" status="nudum">
10928 <AUTHOR name="Ouyang"/>
10929 <AUTHOR name="Zhang, Chen" year="1996"/>
10930 <SYNONYM name="youngi"/>
10934 <GENUS name="Mandschurosaurus">
10935 <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1930"/>
10939 <LENGTH value="8"/>
10940 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
10941 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
10942 <PLACE name="China"/>
10943 <SPECIES name="amurensis" status="dubium" original="Trachodon">
10944 <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1925"/>
10945 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
10947 <SPECIES name="jiainensis" status="dubiumQ">
10948 <AUTHOR name="Luo, Zhang, Li" year="1983"/>
10949 <SYNONYM name="amurensis"/>
10951 <SPECIES name="laosensis" status="dubium">
10952 <AUTHOR name="Hoffet" year="1943"/>
10953 <PROPERTAXON name="Iguanodontia"/>
10954 <REMAINS content="ilium"/>
10956 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
10957 <SYNONYM name="Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis" status="objective"/>
10964 <GENUS name="Manospondylus" type="with">
10965 <MEANING>porous vertebra</MEANING>
10966 <SPECIES name="gigas" status="oblitum">
10967 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1892"/>
10968 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus rex"/>
10969 <MEANING>giant</MEANING>
10970 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="3982" content="2 dorsal vertebrae" type="holo"/>
10972 <SPECIES name="amplus">
10973 <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon amplus" status="objective"/>
10977 <GENUS name="Marasuchus">
10978 <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Arcucci" year="1994"/>
10982 <LENGTH value="0.4"/>
10983 <MASS value="0.1"/>
10984 <TIME value="Ladinian"/>
10985 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
10986 <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
10987 <SPECIES name="lilloensis" original="Lagosuchus">
10988 <AUTHOR name="Romer" year="1972"/>
10991 <P> The name <NOMEN name="Marasuchus"/> was given to some specimens
10992 formerly referred to <NOMEN name="Lagosuchus"/>. However, the type specimen
10993 of <NOMEN name="Lagosuchus"/> is too fragmentary to be sure that the
10994 <NOMEN name="Marasuchus"/> specimens are the same animal as it. </P>
10996 <P> This genus is named after the mara, a South American hare-like
10997 relative of guinea pigs. </P>
11001 <GENUS name="Marmarospondylus" type="with">
11005 <SPECIES name="robustus">
11006 <SYNONYM name="Bothriospondylus robustus" status="objective"/>
11013 <GENUS name="Marshosaurus" type="with">
11015 <LOW>Othniel Charles</LOW> Marsh's lizard
11017 <LENGTH value="5"/>
11018 <MASS value="200" q="1"/>
11019 <MASS value="250" q="1"/>
11020 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
11021 <PLACE name="Utah, Colorado"/>
11022 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
11023 <SPECIES name="bicentisimus">
11024 <AUTHOR name="Madsen" year="1976"/>
11026 bicentennial <LOW>(of the U.S.A.)</LOW>
11031 <GENUS name="Massospondylus" type="with">
11035 <LENGTH value="4"/>
11036 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
11037 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
11038 <PLACE name="Lesotho, Namibia, S. Africa, Zimbabwe"/>
11039 <PLACE name="Arizona" q="1"/>
11040 <SPECIES name="carinatus">
11041 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1854"/>
11042 <REMAINS content="over 80 partial skeletons (juvenile to adult), 4 skulls, isolated elements, gastroliths, etc."/>
11043 <REMAINS content="eggs" q="1"/>
11045 <SPECIES name="browni" status="dubium">
11046 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1895"/>
11047 <SYNONYM name="carinatus"/>
11049 <SPECIES name="harriesi">
11050 <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1911"/>
11051 <SYNONYM name="carinatus"/>
11053 <SPECIES name="hislopi" status="dubium">
11054 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1890"/>
11055 <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
11057 <SPECIES name="huenei">
11058 <SYNONYM name="Lufengosaurus huenei" status="objective"/>
11060 <SPECIES name="rawesi">
11061 <SYNONYM name="Indosuchus rawesi" status="objective"/>
11063 <SPECIES name="schwarzi" status="dubium">
11064 <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
11065 <SYNONYM name="carinatus"/>
11068 <P> A nest of six eggs, 26 inches long and 22 inches in diameter, may belong
11069 to <NOMEN name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>. </P>
11073 <GENUS name="Megacervixosaurus" type="with">
11078 <PLACE name="China"/>
11079 <REMAINS content="teeth, vertebrae"/>
11080 <SPECIES name="tibetensis" status="nudum">
11081 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
11088 <GENUS name="Megadactylus" type="with">
11089 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Fitzinger" year="1843"/>
11093 <SPECIES name="polyzelus">
11094 <SYNONYM name="Anchisaurus polyzelus" status="objective"/>
11098 <GENUS name="Megadontosaurus" type="with">
11102 <SPECIES name="ferox" status="nudum">
11103 <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
11104 <AUTHOR name="Ostrom" year="1970"/>
11105 <SYNONYM name="Microvenator celer"/>
11106 <SYNONYM name="Deinonychus antirrhopus"/>
11113 <GENUS name="Megalancosaurus">
11114 <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauromorpha" incertae="1"/>
11117 <GENUS name="Megalosaurus" type="with">
11121 <MISSPELLED name="Melagosaurus" author="Depéret, Savornin" year="1928"/>
11122 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
11123 <SPECIES name="bucklandii">
11124 <AUTHOR name="Ritgen" year="1826"/>
11125 <LENGTH value="9"/>
11126 <LENGTH value="10"/>
11127 <MASS value="900"/>
11128 <MASS value="1500"/>
11129 <PLACE name="England, France"/>
11130 <PLACE name="Portugal" q="1"/>
11131 <REMAINS content="dentary, teeth, postcranial elements"/>
11133 <LOW>William</LOW> Buckland's
11136 <SPECIES name="andrewsi">
11137 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
11138 <PROPERTAXON name="Tetanurae" incertae="1"/>
11139 <MEANING>Andrews'</MEANING>
11141 <SPECIES name="aquilunguis">
11142 <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus aquilunguis" status="objective"/>
11144 <SPECIES name="argentinus">
11145 <SYNONYM name="Loncosaurus argentinus" status="objective"/>
11147 <SPECIES name="bradleyi">
11148 <SYNONYM name="Proceratosaurus bradleyi" status="objective"/>
11150 <SPECIES name="bredai">
11151 <SYNONYM name="Betasuchus bredai" status="objective"/>
11153 <SPECIES name="cambrensis">
11154 <SYNONYM name="Newtonsaurus cambrensis" status="objective"/>
11156 <SPECIES name="chubutensis" status="dubium">
11157 <AUTHOR name="del Corro" year="1974"/>
11158 <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
11159 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
11160 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
11162 from Chubut <LOW>Province</LOW>
11165 <SPECIES name="cloacinus" status="dubium">
11166 <AUTHOR name="Quenstedt" year="1858"/>
11167 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
11168 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
11170 <SPECIES name="conybearei">
11171 <SYNONYM name="bucklandii"/>
11173 <SPECIES name="crenatissimus">
11174 <SYNONYM name="Majungasaurus crenatissimus" status="objective"/>
11176 <SPECIES name="cuvieri">
11177 <SYNONYM name="Streptospondylus cuvieri" status="objective"/>
11179 <SPECIES name="dabukaensis" status="dubium">
11180 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
11181 <PLACE name="Asia"/>
11183 <SPECIES name="destructor">
11184 <SYNONYM name="Nuthetes destructor" status="objective"/>
11186 <SPECIES name="dunkleri">
11187 <SYNONYM name="Altispinax dunkleri" status="objective"/>
11189 <SPECIES name="hesperis">
11190 <SYNONYM name="Walkersaurus hesperis" status="objective"/>
11192 <SPECIES name="horridus">
11193 <SYNONYM name="Deinodon horridus" status="objective"/>
11195 <SPECIES name="hungaricus" status="dubium">
11196 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1902"/>
11197 <PROPERTAXON name="Theropoda" incertae="1"/>
11198 <PLACE name="Hungary"/>
11199 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
11204 <SPECIES name="incognitus">
11205 <SYNONYM name="Iliosuchus incognitus" status="objective"/>
11207 <SPECIES name="inexpectatus" status="dubium">
11208 <AUTHOR name="del Corro" year="1966"/>
11209 <PROPERTAXON name="Theropoda" incertae="1"/>
11210 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
11215 <SPECIES name="ingens">
11216 <SYNONYM name="Ceratosaurus ingens" status="objective"/>
11218 <SPECIES name="insignis" status="dubium">
11219 <AUTHOR name="Eudes-Deslongchamps, Lennier" year="1870"/>
11220 <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
11221 <REMAINS content="teeth, postctranial elements"/>
11223 <SPECIES name="lonzeensis">
11224 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus lonzeensis" status="objective"/>
11226 <SPECIES name="lydekkeri">
11227 <SYNONYM name="Magnosaurus lydekkeri" status="objective"/>
11229 <SPECIES name="matleyi">
11230 <SYNONYM name="Indosaurus matleyi" status="objective"/>
11232 <SPECIES name="meriani">
11233 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus meriani" status="objective"/>
11235 <SPECIES name="nasicornis">
11236 <SYNONYM name="Ceratosaurus nasicornis" status="objective"/>
11238 <SPECIES name="nethercombensis">
11239 <SYNONYM name="Magnosaurus nethercombensis" status="objective"/>
11241 <SPECIES name="obtusus" status="dubium">
11242 <AUTHOR name="Henry" year="1876"/>
11243 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
11244 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
11249 <SPECIES name="oweni">
11250 <SYNONYM name="Valdoraptor oweni" status="objective"/>
11252 <SPECIES name="pannoniensis" status="dubium">
11253 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
11254 <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
11255 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
11257 <SPECIES name="parkeri">
11258 <SYNONYM name="Metriacanthosaurus parkeri" status="objective"/>
11260 <SPECIES name="poikilopleuron">
11261 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1923"/>
11262 <SYNONYM name="Poekilopleuron bucklandii"/>
11267 <SPECIES name="phillipsi" status="nudum">
11268 <MEANING><LOW>John</LOW> Phillips'</MEANING>
11269 <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
11270 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
11272 <SPECIES name="pombali" status="dubium">
11273 <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent, Zbyszewski" year="1957"/>
11274 <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
11275 <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
11277 <SPECIES name="rawesi">
11278 <SYNONYM name="Indosuchus rawesi" status="objective"/>
11280 <SPECIES name="saharicus">
11281 <SYNONYM name="Carcharodontosaurus saharicus" status="objective"/>
11282 <MISSPELLED name="africanus" author="von Huene" year="1956"/>
11284 <SPECIES name="schmidti">
11285 <SYNONYM name="Poekilopleuron schmidti" status="objective"/>
11287 <SPECIES name="sp.">
11288 <TIME value="Aalenian"/>
11289 <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
11290 <PLACE name="England"/>
11292 <SPECIES name="superbus">
11293 <SYNONYM name="Erectopus superbus" status="objective"/>
11295 <SPECIES name="tanneri">
11296 <SYNONYM name="Torvosaurus tanneri" status="objective"/>
11298 <SPECIES name="terquemi" status="dubium">
11299 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1926"/>
11300 <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
11301 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
11303 <SPECIES name="tibetensis" status="dubium">
11304 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
11305 <PLACE name="China" q="1"/>
11310 <SPECIES name="valens">
11311 <SYNONYM name="Antrodemus valens" status="objective"/>
11313 <SPECIES name="wetherilli">
11314 <SYNONYM name="Dilophosaurus wetherilli" status="objective"/>
11316 <SPECIES name="woodwardi">
11317 <SYNONYM name="Walgettosuchus woodwardi" status="objective"/>
11320 <P> This was the first non-<LINK content="neornithean"/>
11321 <LINK content="dinosaur"/> to be formally named and described
11322 (<NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> had been discovered earlier, but wasn't published
11323 until later.) Along with <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> and
11324 <NOMEN name="Hylaeosaurus"/>, it was one of the original animals placed in
11325 <LINK content="Dinosauria"/>. </P>
11327 <P> Early restorations showed it as quadrupedal(!) In fact, it and other
11328 <LINK content="torvosaurids"/> had very short forelimbs, even for
11329 <LINK content="theropods"/>. </P>
11331 <P> This genus has over the years been used as a grab-bag for all kinds of
11332 <LINK content="theropod"/> species, and even some non-theropods.
11333 There is much taxonomic sorting to be done on these. </P>
11337 <GENUS name="Megaraptor" type="with">
11338 <MEANING>big raider</MEANING>
11339 <LENGTH value="6" q="1"/>
11340 <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
11341 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
11342 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
11343 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
11344 <REMAINS museum="MCF-PVPH" id="79" content='"sickle claw", metatarsal, ulna, finger'/>
11345 <SPECIES name="namunhuaiquii">
11346 <AUTHOR name="Novas" year="1998"/>
11347 <MEANING>foot-lanced</MEANING>
11350 <P> Possibly a <LINK content="deinonychosaur"/>. If so, it would be the
11351 largest one, beating out <NOMEN name="Utahraptor"/>. Its "sickle claw" was
11352 14 inches long. This claw inspired its specific name, which is Mapuche for
11355 <P> It has been suggested that this may be the adult version of the
11356 <LINK content="avialan"/> <NOMEN name="Unenlagia"/>. They are from the same
11357 time and place, and there is no overlapping material between them.
11358 More material must be found to verify or falsify this.</P>
11362 <GENUS name="Melanorosaurus" type="with">
11363 <MISSPELLED name="Melanosaurus"/>
11365 black mountain lizard
11367 <LENGTH value="10"/>
11368 <LENGTH value="15"/>
11369 <TIME section="late" value="Carnian"/>
11370 <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
11371 <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
11372 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
11373 <SPECIES name="readi">
11374 <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
11375 <REMAINS content="partial limbs, partial pelvis"/>
11377 <SPECIES name="thabanensis">
11378 <AUTHOR name="Gauffre" year="1993"/>
11382 <GENUS name="Meniscoessus">
11383 <SPECIES name="caperatus">
11384 <SYNONYM name="Tripriodon caperatus" status="objective"/>
11388 <GENUS name="Merosaurus" type="with">
11389 <SPECIES name="newmani" status="nudum">
11390 <MEANING>Newman's</MEANING>
11391 <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
11392 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
11394 <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
11395 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
11396 <PLACE name="England"/>
11397 <REMAINS content="knee joint"/>
11398 <REMAINS content="etc." q="1"/>
11399 <ESSAY><P>Based on remains originally assigned to <NOMEN name="Scelidosaurus harrisonii"/>.</P></ESSAY>
11402 <GENUS name="Mesadactylus" type="with">
11406 <TIME value="Tithonian" q="1"/>
11407 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
11408 <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
11409 <SPECIES name="ornithosphyos">
11410 <AUTHOR name="Jensen, Padian" year="1989"/>
11414 <GENUS name="Metriacanthosaurus">
11415 <AUTHOR name="C. A. Walker" year="1964"/>
11417 medium spine lizard
11419 <LENGTH value="8"/>
11420 <MASS value="1000"/>
11421 <TIME section="early" value="Oxfordian"/>
11422 <PLACE name="England"/>
11423 <SPECIES name="parkeri" original="Megalosaurus">
11424 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1926"/>
11425 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
11427 <SPECIES name="brevis" status="nudum">
11428 <MEANING>short</MEANING>
11429 <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
11430 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
11432 <SPECIES name="reynoldsi" status="nudum">
11433 <MEANING>Reynolds'</MEANING>
11434 <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
11435 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
11437 <SPECIES name="shangyouensis">
11438 <SYNONYM name="Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis" status="objective"/>
11441 <P> Perhaps a <LINK content="sinraptorid"/>. </P>
11445 <GENUS name="Microcephale" status="nudum">
11446 <AUTHOR name="Sereno" year="1997"/>
11451 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
11452 <REMAINS content="2 partial crania"/>
11454 <P> Yet to be described. Based on two 2-inch-wide skull tops.
11459 <GENUS name="Microceratops" type="with">
11463 <LENGTH value="0.6"/>
11464 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
11465 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
11466 <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
11467 <REMAINS content="partial skull, skeleton"/>
11468 <SPECIES name="gobiensis">
11469 <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
11471 from <LOW>the</LOW> Gobi <LOW>Desert</LOW>
11474 <SPECIES name="sulcidens">
11475 <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
11476 <SYNONYM name="gobiensis"/>
11479 <P> Tiny and bipedal.
11484 <GENUS name="Microcoelus" type="with">
11485 <MISSPELLED name="Microsaurus"/>
11489 <SPECIES name="patagonicus">
11490 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1893"/>
11491 <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus australis"/>
11496 <SPECIES name="australis">
11497 <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus australis" status="objective"/>
11501 <GENUS name="Microdontosaurus" type="with">
11503 small-toothed lizard
11506 <PLACE name="China"/>
11507 <SPECIES name="dayensis" status="nudum">
11508 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
11512 <GENUS name="Microhadrosaurus" type="with">
11514 small <NOMEN name="Hadrosaurus"/>
11517 <PLACE name="China"/>
11518 <REMAINS content="dentary with teeth"/>
11519 <SPECIES name="nanshiungensis" status="dubium">
11520 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1979"/>
11527 <GENUS name="Micropachycephalosaurus" type="with">
11528 <MISSPELLED name="Micropachycephale"/>
11530 small <NOMEN name="Pachycephalosaurus"/>
11532 <LENGTH value="0.5"/>
11533 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
11534 <PLACE name="China"/>
11535 <REMAINS content="partial mandible, postcranial fragments"/>
11536 <SPECIES name="hongtuyanensis">
11537 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1978"/>
11540 <P> <NOMEN name="Micropachycephalosaurus"/> bears the dubious honor of the <LINK content="dinosaur"/>
11541 with the longest generic name, with 23 letters and 9 syllables. For such a
11542 huge name, it was actually a pretty small dinosaur, one of the smallest of
11543 all non-<LINK content="avian"/> dinosaurs.
11548 <GENUS name="Microsaurops">
11549 <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1963"/>
11550 <SYNONYM name="Microcoelus"/>
11556 <GENUS name="Microvenator" type="with">
11560 <LENGTH age="juvenile" value="1.2"/>
11561 <MASS age="juvenile" value="3" q="1"/>
11562 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
11563 <TIME value="Albian"/>
11564 <SPECIES name="celer">
11565 <AUTHOR name="Ostrom" year="1970"/>
11566 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
11567 <REMAINS age="juvenileQ" content="partial skeleton"/>
11569 <SPECIES name="chagyaensis" status="nudum">
11570 <AUTHOR name="Zhao, Li" year="1986"/>
11573 <P> When first found, <NOMEN name="Microvenator"/> was associated with the teeth of the
11574 larger <NOMEN name="Deinonychus"/>. Hence it was reconstructed with an oversized head and
11575 informally dubbed <NOMEN name="Megadontosaurus ferox"/> ("fierce, big-toothed lizard").</P>
11577 <P> Although sometimes classified as a <LINK content="caenagnathid"/>, it is too
11583 <GENUS name="Mifunesaurus" status="nudum">
11584 <AUTHOR name="Hisa" year="1985"/>
11586 Mifune <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
11588 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
11589 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
11590 <REMAINS content="tooth, metatarsal, tibia, phalanx"/>
11593 <GENUS name="Minmi" type="with">
11595 Minmi <LOW>Crossing one</LOW>
11597 <LENGTH value="2"/>
11598 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
11599 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
11600 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton, fragmentary postcranium"/>
11601 <SPECIES name="paravertebrata">
11602 <AUTHOR name="Molnar" year="1980"/>
11608 <P> This animal has the shortest genus name of any
11609 non-<LINK content="neornithean"/> <LINK content="dinosaur"/>.
11611 Once considered an <LINK content="ankylosaurid"/> due to a supposed club at the end of its tail,
11612 but the club turned out to be an artifact of preservation. Instead, it is
11613 probably a very primitive <LINK content="ankylosaur"/>.
11618 <GENUS name="Mochlodon">
11619 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
11623 <SPECIES name="suessi">
11624 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon suessi" status="objective"/>
11626 <SPECIES name="inkeyi">
11627 <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon inkeyi" status="objective"/>
11629 <SPECIES name="priscus">
11630 <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon priscus" status="objective"/>
11632 <SPECIES name="robustus">
11633 <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon robustus" status="objective"/>
11637 <GENUS name="Mongolosaurus" type="with">
11638 <MISSPELLED name="Mongolisaurus"/>
11642 <TIME value="Berriasian"/>
11643 <TIME value="Albian"/>
11644 <PLACE name="China"/>
11645 <REMAINS content="teeth, basioccipital, neck vertebrae"/>
11646 <SPECIES name="haplodon" status="dubiumQ">
11647 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1933"/>
11651 <GENUS name="Monkonosaurus" type="with">
11653 Monko <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
11655 <LENGTH value="5"/>
11656 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
11657 <PLACE name="China"/>
11658 <REMAINS content="2 vertebrae, sacrum, 3 plates"/>
11659 <SPECIES name="lawulacus">
11660 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
11661 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Dong" year="1990"/>
11665 <GENUS name="Monoclonius" type="with">
11669 <LENGTH value="5"/>
11670 <LENGTH value="6"/>
11671 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
11672 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
11673 <SPECIES name="crassus" status="dubium">
11674 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
11675 <REMAINS content="5 skulls"/>
11677 <SPECIES name="albertensis">
11678 <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus albertensis" status="objective"/>
11680 <SPECIES name="apertus">
11681 <SYNONYM name="Centrosaurus apertus" status="objective"/>
11683 <SPECIES name="belli">
11684 <SYNONYM name="Chasmosaurus belli" status="objective"/>
11686 <SPECIES name="canadensis">
11687 <SYNONYM name="Chasmosaurus canadensis" status="objective"/>
11689 <SPECIES name="cutleri">
11690 <SYNONYM name="Centrosaurus cutleri" status="objective"/>
11692 <SPECIES name="dawsoni" status="dubium">
11693 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
11694 <SYNONYM name="Centrosaurus apertus"/>
11696 <SPECIES name="fissus" status="dubium">
11697 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1889"/>
11698 <REMAINS content="pterygoid"/>
11700 <SPECIES name="flexus">
11701 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1914"/>
11702 <SYNONYM name="Centrosaurus apertus"/>
11704 <SPECIES name="lowei" status="dubium">
11705 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1940"/>
11706 <SYNONYM name="crassus"/>
11708 <SPECIES name="montanensis">
11709 <SYNONYM name="Brachyceratops montanensis" status="objective"/>
11711 <SPECIES name="nasicornis">
11712 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1917"/>
11713 <SYNONYM name="Centrosaurus apertus"/>
11714 <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus albertensis"/>
11719 <SPECIES name="recurvicornis" status="dubium">
11720 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1889"/>
11721 <REMAINS content="braincase, 3 horns, fragments"/>
11723 <LOW>with a</LOW> recurved horn
11726 <SPECIES name="sphenocerus">
11727 <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus sphenocerus" status="objective"/>
11730 <P> May be the subadult of another <LINK content="centrosaurine"/> genus or a valid genus
11731 with paedomorphic (juvenile-like) features.
11736 <GENUS name="Monolophosaurus" type="with">
11738 single crest lizard
11740 <LENGTH value="5"/>
11741 <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
11742 <PLACE name="China"/>
11743 <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
11744 <SPECIES name="jiangi">
11745 <AUTHOR name="Zhao, Currie" year="1994"/>
11747 <SPECIES name="jiangjiunmiaoi" status="nudum">
11748 <SYNONYM name="jiangi"/>
11752 <GENUS name="Mononychus" type="with">
11753 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Schüppel" year="1824"/>
11754 <MEANING>one claw</MEANING>
11755 <SPECIES name="olecranus">
11756 <SYNONYM name="Mononykus olecranus" status="objective"/>
11760 <GENUS name="Mononykus">
11761 <AUTHOR name="Perle, Norrell, Chiappe, Clark" year="1993"/>
11762 <MEANING>one claw</MEANING>
11763 <LENGTH value="1"/>
11765 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
11766 <REMAINS content="partial skeletons"/>
11767 <SPECIES name="olecranus" original="Mononychus">
11768 <AUTHOR name="Perle, Norrell, Chiappe, Clark" year="1993"/>
11770 <LOW>with a large</LOW> olecranon <LOW>process (elbow)</LOW>
11774 <P> Characteristics of the odd, singly-digited forelimbs seem to indicate
11775 proficiency at digging. These include a large olecranon and possibly the
11776 keel on the sternum. A mole-like lifestyle has been proposed, but this
11777 does not agree with the long, cursorial hindlimbs. Instead, it is possible
11778 that <NOMEN name="Mononykus"/> filled an ant-eating niche, similar to today's
11779 numbats and aardvarks.
11784 <GENUS name="Montanazhdarcho">
11785 <AUTHOR name="Padian, Ricqles, Horner" year="1995"/>
11787 Montana <NOMEN name="Azhdarcho"/>
11790 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
11791 <REMAINS content="partial forelimb"/>
11794 <GENUS name="Montanoceratops">
11795 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1951"/>
11797 Montana horned face
11799 <LENGTH value="3"/>
11800 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
11801 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
11802 <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons"/>
11803 <SPECIES name="cerorhynchus" original="Leptoceratops">
11804 <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1942"/>
11805 <MEANING>horn-nosed</MEANING>
11808 <P> Bore a small horn on its nose. </P>
11812 <GENUS name="Morinosaurus" type="with">
11814 Morini <LOW>(ancient French tribe)</LOW> lizard
11816 <SPECIES name="typus" status="dubium">
11817 <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1874"/>
11818 <SYNONYM name="Ischyrosaurus manseli"/>
11819 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
11823 <GENUS name="Morosaurus" type="with">
11824 <MEANING>moronic lizard</MEANING>
11825 <SPECIES name="impar">
11826 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
11827 <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus grandis"/>
11829 <SPECIES name="agilis" status="dubium">
11830 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
11831 <PROPERTAXON name="Eusauropoda"/>
11832 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
11833 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
11834 <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
11839 <SPECIES name="becklessi">
11840 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus becklessi" status="objective"/>
11842 <SPECIES name="brevis">
11843 <SYNONYM name="Cetiosaurus brevis" status="objective"/>
11845 <SPECIES name="grandis">
11846 <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus grandis" status="objective"/>
11848 <SPECIES name="lentus">
11849 <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus lentus" status="objective"/>
11851 <SPECIES name="marchei" status="dubium">
11852 <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1897"/>
11853 <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus insignis"/>
11855 <SPECIES name="robustus" status="dubium">
11856 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
11857 <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus grandis"/>
11863 <P> Originally assigned to a now-defunct genus (synonymous with
11864 <NOMEN name="Camarasaurus"/>), <NOMEN name="Morosaurus agilis"/> awaits a new generic name. It might be
11865 related to <NOMEN name="Cetiosaurus"/>.
11870 <GENUS name="Moshisaurus" status="nudum">
11871 <AUTHOR name="Hisa" year="1985"/>
11872 <TIME section="late" value="Aptian"/>
11873 <TIME section="early" value="Albian"/>
11874 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
11875 <REMAINS content="fragmentary humerus"/>
11878 <GENUS name="Mussaurus" type="with">
11879 <MISSPELLED name="Mussasaurus"/>
11883 <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
11884 <LENGTH age="juvenile" value="0.2"/>
11885 <TIME value="Norian"/>
11886 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
11887 <REMAINS content="eggs, 10 skeletons and 4 skulls (juvenile)"/>
11888 <SPECIES name="patagonicus">
11889 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Vince" year="1979"/>
11895 <P> <NOMEN name="Mussaurus"/> is known only from infant specimens, which
11896 were extremely small (nine inches long). The eggs were
11897 not much more than an inch long. <NOMEN name="Coloradisaurus"/> may be
11903 <GENUS name="Muttaburrasaurus" type="with">
11907 <LENGTH value="7"/>
11908 <TIME value="Albian"/>
11909 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
11910 <SPECIES name="langdoni">
11911 <AUTHOR name="Bartholomai, Molnar" year="1981"/>
11912 <REMAINS content="2 skeletons (1 fragmentary)"/>
11914 <SPECIES name="sp." q="1">
11915 <REMAINS museum="QM" id="F14921" content="skull"/>
11918 <P> Unlike other <LINK content="ornithopods"/>, <NOMEN name="Muttaburrasaurus"/>
11919 may have replaced all of its teeth simultaneously, instead
11925 <GENUS name="Mymoorapelta" type="with">
11927 Mygatt-Moore <LOW>Quarry</LOW> shield
11929 <LENGTH value="2.7"/>
11930 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
11931 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
11932 <REMAINS content="ilium, vetrebrae, ribs, ulna, metacarpal, armor, pedal elements"/>
11933 <SPECIES name="maysi">
11934 <AUTHOR name="Kirkland, Carpenter" year="1994"/>
11938 <GENUS name="Naashoibitosaurus" type="with">
11940 Naashoibito <LOW>Member</LOW> lizard
11942 <LENGTH value="10"/>
11943 <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian"/>
11944 <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
11945 <REMAINS content="skull"/>
11946 <SPECIES name="ostromi">
11947 <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1993"/>
11949 <LOW>John</LOW> Ostrom's
11953 <P> May be a variant of <NOMEN name="Kritosaurus navajovius"/>.
11958 <GENUS name="Nanantius" type="with">
11959 <SPECIES name="eos">
11960 <AUTHOR name="Molnar" year="1986"/>
11961 <MEANING>dawn</MEANING>
11962 <REMAINS content="tibiotarsus" type="holo"/>
11963 <REMAINS content="partial tibiotarsus, vertebra" q="1"/>
11964 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
11966 <SPECIES name="valifanovi">
11967 <PLACE name="Asia"/>
11968 <REMAINS content="fairly complete skeleton"/>
11971 dwarf opposite <LOW>bird (=<LINK content="enantiornithean"/>)</LOW>
11973 <TIME value="Albian"/>
11975 <P> About the size of the average <LINK content="songbird"/>.
11980 <GENUS name="Nanosaurus" type="with">
11981 <MISSPELLED name="Nannosaurus"/>
11985 <LENGTH value="0.5"/>
11986 <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
11987 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
11988 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
11989 <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah"/>
11990 <REMAINS content="tooth molds"/>
11991 <SPECIES name="agilis" status="dubium">
11992 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
11997 <SPECIES name="rex">
11998 <SYNONYM name="Othnielia rex" status="objective"/>
12002 <GENUS name="Nanotyrannus">
12003 <AUTHOR name="Bakker, Williams, Currie" year="1988"/>
12007 <SPECIES name="lancensis">
12008 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancensis" status="objective"/>
12012 <GENUS name="Nanshiungosaurus" type="with">
12016 <LENGTH value="4"/>
12017 <PLACE name="China"/>
12018 <SPECIES name="brevispinus">
12019 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
12020 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1979"/>
12021 <REMAINS content="vertebral column (excluding tail), pelvis"/>
12026 <SPECIES name="bohlini">
12027 <AUTHOR name="Dong, You" year="1997"/>
12028 <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
12029 <REMAINS content="presacral vertebrae, ribs"/>
12030 <PROPERTAXON name="Therizinosauridae" q="1"/>
12034 <GENUS name="Nanyangosaurus" type="with">
12035 <MEANING>Nanyang lizard</MEANING>
12036 <SPECIES name="zhugeii">
12037 <MEANING>Zhuge <LOW>Liang</LOW>'s</MEANING>
12038 <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="V 11821" type="holo" content="8 dorsal, 6 sacral & 36 caudal vertebrae; 3 proximal chevron; humerus; radius; ulna; incomplete manus; partial ischium; femur; tibia; fibula; astragalocalcaneum, pes"/>
12039 <TIME value="Albian" q="1"/>
12040 <PLACE name="China"/> <!--Sangping Fm.-->
12041 <LENGTH value="4.5"/>
12042 <AUTHOR name="Xu, Zhao, Lü, Huang, Li, Dong" year="2000"/>
12045 <P>Hails from the Sangping Formation.</P>
12049 <GENUS name="Nectosaurus" type="with">
12050 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Merriam" year="1905"/>
12051 <SPECIES name="navajovius" status="nudum">
12052 <AUTHOR name="Versluys" year="1910"/>
12053 <SYNONYM name="Kritosaurus navajovius"/>
12055 Navahos' <LOW>(North American tribe)</LOW>
12060 <GENUS name="Nedcolbertia" type="with">
12062 <LOW>Edwin H. (</LOW>Ned<LOW>)</LOW> Colbert's <LOW>one</LOW>
12064 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
12065 <PLACE name="Utah"/>
12066 <REMAINS content="3 partial skeletons"/>
12067 <SPECIES name="justinhoffmani">
12068 <AUTHOR name="Kirkland, Britt, Whittle, S. K. Madsen, Burge" year="1998"/>
12069 <MEANING>Justin Hoffman's</MEANING>
12071 <SPECIES name="whittlei" status="nudum">
12072 <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1996"/>
12073 <SYNONYM name="justinhoffmani"/>
12076 This species was originally to be named after its discoverer (Whittle),
12077 but instead was named after the young boy who won a contest to have
12078 it named after himself.
12082 <GENUS name="Nemegtosaurus" type="with">
12083 <MISSPELLED name="Nemagtosaurus"/>
12084 <MISSPELLED name="Nemegitosaurus"/>
12086 Nemegt <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
12088 <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
12089 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
12090 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
12091 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
12092 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
12093 <AUTHOR name="Nowinski" year="1971"/>
12094 <REMAINS content="skull"/>
12099 <SPECIES name="pachi" status="dubium">
12100 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1977"/>
12102 <SPECIES name="skarzynskii">
12103 <SYNONYM name="Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii" status="objective"/>
12106 <P> <NOMEN name="Opisthocoelicaudia"/> may be the body of <NOMEN name="Nemegtosaurus"/>, but
12107 further material is needed to be certain. </P>
12111 <GENUS name="Neosaurus" type="with">
12112 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Nopcsa" year="1923"/>
12116 <SPECIES name="missouriensis">
12117 <SYNONYM name="Hypsibema missouriensis" status="objective"/>
12124 <GENUS name="Neosodon">
12125 <AUTHOR name="de la Moussaye" year="1885"/>
12127 new type <LOW>of</LOW> tooth
12129 <SPECIES name="praecursor">
12130 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon praecursor" status="objective"/>
12134 <GENUS name="Neovenator" type="with">
12138 <LENGTH value="6"/>
12139 <LENGTH value="7"/>
12140 <LENGTH value="10" q="1"/>
12141 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
12142 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
12143 <PLACE name="England"/>
12144 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton" type="holo"/>
12145 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton" type="para"/>
12146 <REMAINS content="phalangeal material"/>
12147 <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
12148 <SPECIES name="salerii">
12149 <AUTHOR name="Hutt, Martill, Barker" year="1996"/>
12153 <GENUS name="Nesodactylus" type="with">
12157 <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
12158 <PLACE name="Cuba"/>
12159 <SPECIES name="hesperius">
12160 <AUTHOR name="Colbert" year="1969"/>
12167 <GENUS name="Neuquenornis" type="with">
12168 <SPECIES name="volans">
12169 <MEANING>flying</MEANING>
12170 <AUTHOR name="Chiappe"/>
12171 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Chiappe, Calvo" year="1994"/>
12174 Neuquén <LOW>Province</LOW> bird
12177 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
12180 <GENUS name="Neuquensaurus">
12181 <AUTHOR name="J. E. Powell" year="1992"/>
12183 Neuquén <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
12185 <LENGTH value="10"/>
12186 <LENGTH value="15"/>
12187 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
12188 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
12189 <REMAINS content="2 individuals (vertebrae, humerus, femur, armor; limb bones, pelvis, majority of tail, two osteoderms)"/>
12190 <SPECIES name="australis" original="Titanosaurus">
12191 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1893"/>
12196 <SPECIES name="robustus" status="dubium" original="Titanosaurus">
12197 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
12198 <SYNONYM name="Saltasaurus loricatus"/>
12204 <P> Armor scutes from this animal were originally thought to be from an
12205 <LINK content="ankylosaur"/> (<NOMEN name="Loricosaurus"/>). </P>
12209 <GENUS name="Newtonsaurus" status="nudum">
12210 <AUTHOR name="Welles" year="1995"/>
12211 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Welles, Pickering" year="1999"/>
12212 <MEANING>Newton's lizard</MEANING>
12213 <SPECIES name="cambrensis" status="dubiumQ" original="Zanclodon">
12214 <AUTHOR name="Newton" year="1899"/>
12215 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Welles, Pickering" year="1999"/>
12217 <PLACE name="Wales"/>
12218 <REMAINS content="dentary"/>
12221 <GENUS name="Ngexisaurus" type="with">
12222 <TIME value="J" q="1"/>
12223 <PLACE name="China"/>
12224 <SPECIES name="dapukaensis" status="nudum">
12225 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1982"/>
12229 <GENUS name="Nigersaurus" type="with">
12230 <MEANING>Nigerian lizard</MEANING>
12231 <REMAINS content="specimen" type="holo"/>
12232 <SPECIES name="taqueti">
12233 <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Larsson, Lyon, Moussa, Sadler, Sidor, Varricchio, G. P. Wilson, J. A. Wilson" year="1999"/>
12234 <MEANING>Taquet's</MEANING>
12236 <LENGTH value="15"/>
12237 <PLACE name="Niger"/>
12240 <P>This animal had numerous small teeth, arranged similarly to the
12241 "dental batteries" of <LINK content="cerapods"/>.</P>
12245 <GENUS name="Ninghsiasaurus">
12246 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1965"/>
12247 <SYNONYM name="Pinacosaurus ninghsiensis"/>
12250 <GENUS name="Niobrarasaurus">
12251 <AUTHOR name="Carpenter, Dilkes, Weishampel" year="1995"/>
12253 Niobrara <LOW>chalk</LOW> lizard
12255 <LENGTH value="5"/>
12256 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
12257 <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
12258 <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae, 2 chevrons, ribs, scapulocoracoid, ilium, forelimb, hindlimb, astragalus, calcaneum, armor"/>
12259 <SPECIES name="coleii" original="Hierosaurus">
12260 <AUTHOR name="Mehl" year="1936"/>
12264 <GENUS name="Nipponosaurus" type="with">
12266 Nippon <LOW>(=Japan)</LOW> lizard
12268 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
12269 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
12270 <PLACE name="Russia"/>
12271 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton (juvenile)"/>
12272 <SPECIES name="sachalinensis">
12273 <AUTHOR name="Nagao" year="1936"/>
12275 from Sakhalin <LOW>Island</LOW>
12279 <P> Could be the young of another <LINK content="lambeosaurin"/> genus.
12281 Found in 1935 on the island of Sakhalin, which belonged to Japan at the
12282 time (hence the name).
12287 <GENUS name="Noasaurus" type="with">
12288 <MEANING>N<LOW>or</LOW>o<LOW>este (Northwest) </LOW>A<LOW>rgentina</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
12289 <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
12290 <LENGTH value="3"/>
12292 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
12293 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
12294 <REMAINS content="skull & foot elements, vertebrae"/>
12295 <SPECIES name="leali">
12296 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, J. E. Powell" year="1980"/>
12299 <P> <NOMEN name="Noasaurus"/> was a smaller predator which sported a huge hyperextendable
12300 "switchblade" claw on each foot, much like those of
12301 <LINK content="dromaeosaurids"/> and <LINK content="troodontids"/>. The claws were
12302 different in structure, having a pit for the flexor muscle attachment
12303 instead of a knob as in the other two groups. The evolution of such
12304 superficially similar structures in three separate groups of small
12305 <LINK content="Cretaceous"/> <LINK content="theropods"/> is a striking
12306 example of convergent evolution. </P>
12310 <GENUS name="Nodocephalosaurus" type="with">
12314 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
12315 <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
12316 <SPECIES name="kirtlandi">
12317 <AUTHOR name="Sullivan" year="1999"/>
12319 from <LOW>the</LOW> Kirtland <LOW>Formation</LOW>
12324 <GENUS name="Nodosaurus" type="with">
12328 <LENGTH value="4"/>
12329 <LENGTH value="6"/>
12330 <TIME value="Albian"/>
12331 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
12332 <PLACE name="Wyoming, Kansas"/>
12333 <REMAINS content="3 fragmentary postcrania"/>
12334 <SPECIES name="textilis">
12335 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
12337 <SPECIES name="armatus">
12338 <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus armatus" status="objective"/>
12340 <SPECIES name="coleii">
12341 <SYNONYM name="Niobrarasaurus coleii" status="objective"/>
12343 <SPECIES name="ischyrus">
12344 <SYNONYM name="Hoplosaurus ischyrus" status="objective"/>
12346 <SPECIES name="landerensis">
12347 <SYNONYM name="Stegopelta landerensis" status="objective"/>
12349 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
12350 <SYNONYM name="Hierosaurus sternbergi" status="objective"/>
12354 <GENUS name="Noguerornis" type="with">
12356 Noguera <LOW>River</LOW> bird
12359 <PLACE name="Spain"/>
12360 <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
12361 <SPECIES name="gonzalezi">
12362 <AUTHOR name="Lacasa-Ruiz" year="1989"/>
12366 <GENUS name="Nomingia" type="with">
12367 <SPECIES name="gobiensis">
12368 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold, Osmólska, Watabe, Currie, Tsogtbataar" year="2000"/>
12369 <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Gobi <LOW>Desert</LOW></MEANING>
12371 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
12372 <TIME value="LK" section="latest"/>
12374 <P>The only non-<LINK content="avian"/> <LINK content="dinosaur"/> known
12375 to have a pygostyle (a fusion of vertebrae at the end of the tail).</P>
12379 <GENUS name="Noripterus" type="with">
12380 <SPECIES name="complicidens">
12381 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1973"/>
12386 <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="2.1"/>
12388 <PLACE name="China"/>
12389 <REMAINS content="several incompete specimens"/>
12392 <GENUS name="Normannognathus" type="with">
12396 <LENGTH value="0.1"/>
12397 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
12398 <PLACE name="France"/>
12399 <REMAINS content="partial jaws"/>
12400 <SPECIES name="wellnhoferi">
12401 <AUTHOR name="Buffetaut, J.-J. LePage, G. LePage" year="1998"/>
12403 <LOW>Peter</LOW> Wellnhofer's
12408 <GENUS name="Notoceratops" type="with">
12410 southern horned face
12412 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
12413 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
12414 <REMAINS content="dentary (lost)"/>
12415 <SPECIES name="bonarelli" status="dubium">
12416 <AUTHOR name="Tapia" year="1918"/>
12419 <P> Originally thought to be a <LINK content="ceratopsian"/>, but could
12420 be a <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>.
12425 <GENUS name="Notohypsilophodon" type="with">
12427 southern <NOMEN name="Hypsilophodon"/>
12429 <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
12430 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
12431 <REMAINS type="holo" age="juvenile" content="cervical, dorsal, sacral & caudal vertebrae; rib fragments; partial scapula; coracoid; humerus; ulnae; partial femur; tibiae; fibulae; astrgalus; calcaneum; 13 pedal phalanges (including 3 unguals)"/>
12432 <SPECIES name="comodorensis">
12433 <AUTHOR name="Martínez" year="1998"/>
12436 May be a <LINK content="dryosaurid"/>.
12440 <GENUS name="Nqwebasaurus" type="with">
12442 <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
12443 <SPECIES name="thwazi">
12444 <AUTHOR name="de Klerk, Forster, Sampson, Chinsamy, Ross" year="2000"/>
12445 <REMAINS nickname="Kirky" type="holo" content="70% of an articulated skeleton, including fragmentary cranium (frontals, parietal, partial basicranium, sclerotic ring), 7 postaxial cervical vertebrae, pectoral girdles, forelimbs, pubic shaft, partial femora, tibiae, fibulae, pedes, isolated centra and neural arches"/>
12448 <P>The first named <LINK content="dinosaurian"/> genus with a
12449 click sound (the "q" represents a palatal click, made against the roof of
12451 <P>The first digit had a very large claw.</P>
12455 <GENUS name="Nurosaurus" type="with">
12456 <MISSPELLED name="Nuoerosaurus"/>
12457 <LENGTH value="26"/>
12459 <PLACE name="China"/>
12460 <REMAINS content="skeleton"/>
12461 <SPECIES name="qaganensis" status="nudum">
12462 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1992"/>
12466 <GENUS name="Nuthetes" type="with">
12467 <REMAINS content="fragmentary dentary & postcranium"/>
12468 <SPECIES name="destructor" status="dubium">
12469 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1854"/>
12475 The armor originally assigned to this species more likely belongs to a
12476 <LINK content="thyreophoran"/>.
12480 <GENUS name="Nyasasaurus" status="nudum">
12481 <MISSPELLED name="Nyasaurus"/>
12482 <AUTHOR name="Charig" year="1967"/>
12483 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
12486 <GENUS name="Nyctodactylus">
12487 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
12488 <SYNONYM name="Nyctosaurus"/>
12490 night <LOW>(bat)</LOW> finger
12494 <GENUS name="Nyctosaurus" type="with">
12496 night <LOW>(bat)</LOW> lizard
12498 <LENGTH value="3"/>
12499 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
12500 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1876"/>
12501 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
12502 <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
12507 <SPECIES name="lamegoi" q="1">
12508 <AUTHOR name="Price" year="1953"/>
12509 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
12510 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
12511 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
12515 <GENUS name="Occidentalia">
12516 <MEANING>western <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
12517 <SPECIES name="occidentalis">
12518 <SYNONYM name="Pteranodon occidentalis" status="objective"/>
12522 <GENUS name="Odontorhynchus" type="with">
12523 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Pelzeln" year="1868"/>
12527 <SPECIES name="aculeatus" status="dubium">
12528 <AUTHOR name="Stolley" year="1936"/>
12529 <TIME value="Tithonian" section="early"/>
12530 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
12533 <P> The type specimen for this name has been lost.</P>
12537 <GENUS name="Ohmdenosaurus" type="with">
12541 <LENGTH value="4"/>
12542 <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
12543 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
12544 <REMAINS content="tibia, tarsus"/>
12545 <SPECIES name="liasicus">
12546 <AUTHOR name="Wild" year="1978"/>
12548 Lias <LOW>(=<LINK content="Early Jurassic"/>)</LOW>
12553 <GENUS name="Oligosaurus" type="with">
12557 <SPECIES name="adelus" status="dubium">
12558 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
12559 <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon priscus"/>
12563 <GENUS name="Omeisaurus" type="with">
12565 <LOW>Mount</LOW> O-mei lizard
12567 <LENGTH value="10"/>
12568 <LENGTH value="15"/>
12569 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
12570 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
12571 <PLACE name="China"/>
12572 <SPECIES name="junghsiensis">
12573 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1939"/>
12574 <REMAINS content="several partial skeletons, partial skull"/>
12576 <SPECIES name="changshouensis">
12577 <SYNONYM name="Mamenchisaurus changshouensis" status="objective"/>
12579 <SPECIES name="fuxiensis">
12580 <SYNONYM name="Mamenchisaurus fuxiensis" status="objective"/>
12582 <SPECIES name="fuxiensis2">
12583 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
12584 <SYNONYM name="junghsiensis"/>
12586 <SPECIES name="gongjianensis">
12587 <SYNONYM name="Mamenchisaurus gongjianensis" status="objective"/>
12589 <SPECIES name="luoquanensis">
12590 <AUTHOR name="Li"/>
12591 <AUTHOR name="He, Li, Cai" year="1988"/>
12593 <SPECIES name="sinensis" status="nudum">
12594 <MEANING>from China</MEANING>
12595 <SYNONYM name="tianfuensis"/>
12596 <AUTHOR year="1993"/>
12598 <SPECIES name="tianfuensis">
12599 <AUTHOR name="He, Li, Cai, Gao" year="1984"/>
12600 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
12602 <SPECIES name="zigongensis" status="nudum">
12603 <AUTHOR name="Tanimoto" year="1988"/>
12606 <P> Tail clubs assigned to this genus are probably from large <NOMEN name="Shunosaurus"/>
12611 <GENUS name="Omosaurus" type="with">
12612 <MISSPELLED name="Osmosaurus"/>
12613 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Leidy" year="1856"/>
12617 <SPECIES name="armatus">
12618 <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus armatus" status="objective"/>
12620 <SPECIES name="durobrivensis">
12621 <SYNONYM name="Lexovisaurus durobrivensis" status="objective"/>
12623 <SPECIES name="hastiger">
12624 <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus hastiger" status="objective"/>
12626 <SPECIES name="leedsi">
12627 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1901"/>
12628 <SYNONYM name="durobrivensis"/>
12630 <SPECIES name="lennieri">
12631 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1911"/>
12632 <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus armatus"/>
12634 <SPECIES name="phillipsii">
12635 <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus phillipsii" status="objective"/>
12637 <SPECIES name="vetustus">
12638 <SYNONYM name="Lexovisaurus vetustus" status="objective"/>
12642 <GENUS name="Onychosaurus" type="with">
12646 <SPECIES name="hungaricus" status="dubium">
12647 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1902"/>
12648 <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus austriacus"/>
12655 <GENUS name="Opisthocoelicaudia" type="with">
12657 tail <LOW>vertebrae</LOW> cupped behind
12659 <LENGTH value="12"/>
12660 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
12661 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
12662 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
12663 <REMAINS content="skeleton (missing head & neck)"/>
12664 <SPECIES name="skarzynskii">
12665 <AUTHOR name="Borsuk-Bialynicka" year="1977"/>
12667 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
12668 <SYNONYM name="Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis" status="objective"/>
12671 <P> Once classified as a <LINK content="camarasaur"/>, but now
12672 thought to be an advanced <LINK content="titanosaur"/>. Could be the body of
12673 <NOMEN name="Nemegtosaurus"/>. </P>
12675 <P> Features of the hip and tail suggest that this <LINK content="dinosaur"/>
12676 may have been capable of rearing up into a tripod position, possibly
12681 <GENUS name="Oplosaurus" type="with">
12685 <SPECIES name="armatus">
12686 <AUTHOR name="Gervais" year="1852"/>
12687 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus conybearei"/>
12688 <MEANING>armed</MEANING>
12692 <GENUS name="Orcomimus" status="nudum">
12693 <AUTHOR name="Triebold" year="1997"/>
12694 <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
12695 <TIME value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
12696 <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
12697 <REMAINS content="pelvis, hindlimb"/>
12700 <GENUS name="Orinosaurus" type="with">
12701 <MEANING>mountain lizard</MEANING>
12702 <SPECIES name="capensis" status="dubium">
12703 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
12704 <SYNONYM name="Euskelosaurus browni"/>
12708 <GENUS name="Ornatotholus">
12709 <AUTHOR name="Galton, Sues" year="1983"/>
12713 <LENGTH value="3"/>
12714 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
12715 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
12716 <REMAINS content="frontoparietal dome"/>
12717 <SPECIES name="browni" original="Stegoceras">
12718 <AUTHOR name="Wall, Galton" year="1979"/>
12722 <GENUS name="Ornithocephalus" type="with">
12726 <SPECIES name="antiquus">
12727 <SYNONYM name="Pterodactylus antiquus" status="objective"/>
12728 <MEANING>antique</MEANING>
12732 <GENUS name="Ornithocheirus" type="none">
12736 <REMAINS content="fragments"/>
12737 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
12738 <SPECIES name="clifti">
12740 <SPECIES name="blavatschi">
12741 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
12742 <PLACE name="Czech Republic"/>
12743 <AUTHOR name="Fritsch"/>
12745 <SPECIES name="bunzeli">
12747 <PLACE name="Austria"/>
12748 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
12750 <SPECIES name="compressirostris">
12751 <MEANING><LOW>with a</LOW> compressed rostrum</MEANING>
12752 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
12753 <PLACE name="England"/>
12754 <AUTHOR name="Bowerbank" year="1845"/>
12756 <SPECIES name="curtus">
12758 <PLACE name="England"/>
12759 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1874"/>
12761 <SPECIES name="cuvieri">
12763 <LOW>Georges</LOW> Cuvier's
12766 <SPECIES name="daviesi">
12767 <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
12768 <PLACE name="England"/>
12769 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1874"/>
12771 <SPECIES name="diomedius">
12772 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
12773 <PLACE name="England"/>
12774 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1874"/>
12776 <SPECIES name="fittoni">
12778 <SPECIES name="giganteus">
12783 <SPECIES name="hilsensis">
12784 <TIME value="EK" section="early"/>
12785 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
12786 <AUTHOR name="Koken" year="1885"/>
12788 <SPECIES name="microdon">
12789 <MEANING>small-toothed</MEANING>
12791 <SPECIES name="sagittirostris">
12792 <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
12793 <PLACE name="England"/>
12794 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1874"/>
12796 <LOW>with a</LOW> sagittal rostrum
12799 <SPECIES name="sedgewicki">
12800 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
12801 <PLACE name="England"/>
12802 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
12804 <SPECIES name="sp.">
12806 <PLACE name="France"/>
12809 <P> The deposits this creature comes from are either Cenomanian or
12810 redeposited Albian.</P>
12812 <P> Thirty-six species of <NOMEN name="Ornithocheirus"/> have been named.
12813 Many are probably dubious or in need of reconsideration.</P>
12817 <GENUS name="Ornithodesmus" type="with">
12818 <MEANING>bird link</MEANING>
12819 <PLACE name="England"/>
12820 <REMAINS content="6 vertebrae, sacrum, etc."/>
12821 <SPECIES name="cluniculus" status="dubiumQ">
12822 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1887"/>
12823 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
12825 <SPECIES name="latidens">
12826 <PROPERTAXON name="Pteranodontoidea"/>
12827 <LENGTH value="5"/>
12828 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
12831 <P> Once identified as a <LINK content="troodontid"/>, this scrappy specimen
12832 may instead to belong to some kind of <LINK content="deinonychosaur"/>. </P>
12834 <P> <NOMEN name="Ornithodesmus latidens"/> is not related to
12835 <NOMEN name="O. cluniculus"/>, but is instead a type of
12836 <LINK content="pterosaur"/>. </P>
12840 <GENUS name="Ornithoides" type="with">
12844 <SPECIES name="oshiensis" status="nudum">
12845 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
12846 <SYNONYM name="Saurornithoides mongoliensis"/>
12850 <GENUS name="Ornitholestes" type="with">
12854 <LENGTH value="2"/>
12857 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
12858 <REMAINS content="skull, postcrania"/>
12859 <SPECIES name="hermanni">
12860 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1903"/>
12861 <PLACE name="Utah, Wyoming"/>
12863 <SPECIES name="sp.">
12864 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
12866 <SPECIES name="sp2." q="1">
12867 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
12868 <REMAINS museum="ZPAL" id="MgD-II/19"/>
12869 <REMAINS museum="ZPAL" id="MgD-II/21"/>
12870 <REMAINS museum="ZPAL" id="MgD-II/28"/>
12874 <GENUS name="Ornithomerus" type="with">
12878 <SPECIES name="gracilis" status="dubium">
12879 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
12880 <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon priscus"/>
12887 <GENUS name="Ornithomimidorum" status="nudum">
12888 <MEANING><LINK content="ornithomimids"/>'</MEANING>
12889 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus lonzeensis"/>
12890 <SYNONYM name="Betasuchus bredai"/>
12892 An erratum given for two separate animals which von Huene wished to transfer to <LINK content="Ornithomimidae"/>
12896 <GENUS name="Ornithomimoides" type="with">
12898 <NOMEN name="Ornithomimus"/> form
12900 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
12901 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
12902 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
12903 <PLACE name="India"/>
12904 <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
12905 <SPECIES name="mobilis" status="dubium">
12906 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
12911 <SPECIES name="barasimiensis" status="dubium">
12912 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
12913 <SYNONYM name="mobilis"/>
12917 <GENUS name="Ornithomimus" type="with">
12921 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
12922 <LENGTH value="3"/>
12923 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
12924 <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian"/>
12925 <SPECIES name="velox">
12926 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
12927 <MASS value="175" q="1"/>
12928 <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah"/>
12929 <REMAINS content="postcrania"/>
12934 <SPECIES name="affinis" status="dubium">
12935 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1920"/>
12936 <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
12937 <MASS value="125" q="1"/>
12938 <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
12939 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
12940 <PLACE name="New Jersey"/>
12941 <REMAINS content="fragments including toe claws"/>
12943 <SPECIES name="altus">
12944 <SYNONYM name="Struthiomimus altus" status="objective"/>
12946 <SPECIES name="angustus">
12947 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg"/>
12948 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
12949 <SYNONYM name="edmontonicus"/>
12951 <SPECIES name="antiquus" status="dubium" original="Coelosaurus">
12952 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1865"/>
12953 <MEANING>antique</MEANING>
12955 <SPECIES name="asiaticus">
12956 <SYNONYM name="Archaeornithomimus asiaticus" status="objective"/>
12958 <SPECIES name="brevitertius">
12959 <SYNONYM name="Dromiceiomimus brevitertius" status="objective"/>
12961 <SPECIES name="bullatus">
12962 <SYNONYM name="Gallimimus bullatus" status="objective"/>
12964 <SPECIES name="currelli">
12965 <SYNONYM name="Struthiomimus currelli" status="objective"/>
12967 <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
12968 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold, Osmólska" year="1990"/>
12969 <SYNONYM name="edmontonicus"/>
12971 from <LOW>the</LOW> Edmonton <LOW>Group</LOW>
12974 <SPECIES name="edmontonicus">
12975 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1933"/>
12976 <MASS value="100"/>
12977 <MASS value="170"/>
12978 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
12979 <REMAINS content="1 skeleton, 2 fragmentary postcrania"/>
12981 Edmonton <LOW>Group</LOW>
12984 <SPECIES name="elegans">
12985 <SYNONYM name="Elmisaurus elegans" status="objective"/>
12987 <SPECIES name="grandis">
12988 <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus grandis" status="objective"/>
12990 <SPECIES name="ingens">
12991 <SYNONYM name="Struthiomimus ingens" status="objective"/>
12993 <SPECIES name="lonzeensis" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
12994 <AUTHOR name="Dollo" year="1903"/>
12995 <REMAINS content="pedal ungual"/>
12997 <SPECIES name="minutus">
12998 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
12999 <PROPERTAXON name="Mononykinae"/>
13000 <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
13002 <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
13003 <REMAINS content="partial metatarsus"/>
13008 <SPECIES name="samueli">
13009 <SYNONYM name="Dromiceiomimus samueli" status="objective"/>
13011 <SPECIES name="sedens" status="dubiumQ">
13012 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
13013 <REMAINS content="sacrum, fragmentary ilium"/>
13015 <SPECIES name="tenuis" status="dubium">
13016 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
13017 <SYNONYM name="Troodon formosus"/>
13018 <REMAINS content="fragmentary metatarsal"/>
13020 <SPECIES name="sp.">
13021 <PROPERTAXON name="Maniraptoriformes" incertae="1"/>
13022 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
13023 <TIME value="Albian"/>
13024 <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
13027 <P> The archetypical "<LINK content="ostrich mimic"/>". </P>
13029 <P> <NOMEN name="Ornithomimus affinis"/> was originally placed in
13030 <NOMEN name="Ornithomimus"/> (and then <NOMEN name="Archaeornithomimus"/>)
13031 because of <LINK content="ornithomimid"/>-like toe claws, but the material
13032 is too indeterminate to assign confidently to any known
13033 <LINK content="theropod"/> genus. </P>
13037 <GENUS name="Ornithopsis" type="with">
13041 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
13042 <PLACE name="England"/>
13043 <PLACE name="Utah" q="1"/>
13044 <REMAINS content="back vertebrae"/>
13045 <SPECIES name="hulkei" status="dubiumQ">
13046 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1870"/>
13048 <SPECIES name="conybearei">
13049 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus conybearei" status="objective"/>
13051 <SPECIES name="eucamerotus" status="dubium">
13052 <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1882"/>
13053 <SYNONYM name="Eucamerotus foxi"/>
13058 <SPECIES name="greppini">
13059 <SYNONYM name="Cetiosauriscus greppini" status="objective"/>
13061 <SPECIES name="humerocristatus">
13062 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus humerocristatus" status="objective"/>
13064 <SPECIES name="leedsii">
13065 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus leedsii" status="objective"/>
13067 <SPECIES name="manseli">
13068 <SYNONYM name="Ischyrosaurus manseli" status="objective"/>
13070 <SPECIES name="suffosus">
13071 <SYNONYM name="Bothriospondylus suffosus" status="objective"/>
13075 <GENUS name="Ornithopterus">
13076 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1838"/>
13077 <SYNONYM name="Rhamphorhynchus"/>
13083 <GENUS name="Ornithostoma">
13084 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1871"/>
13089 <SPECIES name="seeleyi">
13090 <PLACE name="England"/>
13091 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1904"/>
13093 <SPECIES name="orientalis">
13094 <PLACE name="Russia"/>
13095 <AUTHOR name="Bogolubov" year="1914"/>
13096 <MEANING>oriental</MEANING>
13100 <GENUS name="Ornithosuchus">
13101 <AUTHOR name="Newton" year="1894"/>
13102 <PROPERTAXON name="Ornithosuchidae"/>
13103 <PLACE name="Scotland"/>
13109 <GENUS name="Ornithotarsus" type="with">
13110 <MISSPELLED name="Ornithosaurus"/>
13114 <SPECIES name="immanis" status="dubium">
13115 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1869"/>
13116 <SYNONYM name="Hadrosaurus foulkii"/>
13120 <GENUS name="Orodromeus" type="with">
13122 <LOW>Egg</LOW> Mountain runner
13124 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
13125 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
13126 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
13127 <SPECIES name="makelai">
13128 <AUTHOR name="Horner, Weishampel" year="1988"/>
13129 <REMAINS content="3 partial skeletons, skeletal elements"/>
13131 <SPECIES name="minimus" status="dubium" original="Laosaurus">
13132 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1924"/>
13133 <REMAINS content="partial hindlimb, veretbrae"/>
13139 <P> Eggs formerly assigned to this genus have turned out to belong to
13140 <NOMEN name="Troodon"/>. </P>
13144 <GENUS name="Orosaurus">
13145 <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1869"/>
13146 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Peters" year="1862"/>
13147 <MISSPELLED nme="Orosauravus" author="Norman" year="1985"/>
13151 <SPECIES name="capensis">
13152 <SYNONYM name="Orinosaurus capensis" status="objective"/>
13153 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Steel" year="1970"/>
13157 <GENUS name="Orthogoniosaurus" type="with">
13159 straight-sided <LOW>tooth</LOW> lizard
13161 <SPECIES name="matleyi" status="dubium">
13162 <AUTHOR name="Das-Gupta" year="1931"/>
13163 <SYNONYM name="Indosaurus matleyi"/>
13164 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
13166 <SPECIES name="raptorius">
13167 <SYNONYM name="Indosuchus raptorius" status="objective"/>
13172 <SPECIES name="rawesi">
13173 <SYNONYM name="Indosuchus rawesi" status="objective"/>
13177 <GENUS name="Orthomerus" type="with">
13181 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
13182 <PLACE name="Netherlands"/>
13183 <SPECIES name="dolloi" status="dubium">
13184 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1883"/>
13185 <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae, femur, tibia"/>
13190 <SPECIES name="hilli" status="dubium">
13191 <AUTHOR name="Newton" year="1892"/>
13192 <SYNONYM name="Craspedodon lonzeensis"/>
13194 <SPECIES name="transylvanicus">
13195 <SYNONYM name="Telmatosaurus transylvanicus" status="objective"/>
13197 <SPECIES name="weberae" status="dubium">
13198 <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1925"/>
13199 <REMAINS content="fragmentary hindlimb"/>
13203 <GENUS name="Oshanosaurus" type="with">
13205 <PLACE name="China"/>
13206 <SPECIES name="youngi" status="nudum">
13207 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
13211 <GENUS name="Othnielia">
13212 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1977"/>
13214 Othniel <LOW>Charles Marsh's one</LOW>
13216 <LENGTH value="1.4"/>
13217 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
13218 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
13219 <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah, Wyoming"/>
13220 <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons, postcranial elements, teeth"/>
13221 <SPECIES name="rex" original="Nanosaurus">
13222 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
13227 <SPECIES name="multidens">
13228 <SYNONYM name="Yandusaurus multidens" status="objective"/>
13230 <SPECIES name="nisti">
13231 <SYNONYM name="Drinker nisti" status="objective"/>
13235 <GENUS name="Otogornis" type="with">
13236 <SPECIES name="genghisi">
13237 <MEANING>Genghis <LOW>Khan</LOW>'s</MEANING>
13238 <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1994"/>
13241 Otog<LOW>-qi</LOW> bird
13244 <PLACE name="China"/>
13245 <ESSAY><P>Originally placed in <LINK content="Enantiornithes"/>, but
13246 may be an <LINK content="ambiortiform"/>.</P></ESSAY>
13249 <GENUS name="Ouranosaurus" type="with">
13251 brave <LOW>(monitor)</LOW> lizard
13253 <LENGTH value="7"/>
13254 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
13255 <PLACE name="Niger"/>
13256 <REMAINS content="2 skeletons"/>
13257 <SPECIES name="nigeriensis">
13258 <AUTHOR name="Taquet" year="1976"/>
13264 <P> <NOMEN name="Ouranosaurus"/> was remarkable in having a sail along its
13265 back, like that of the <LINK content="theropod"/> <NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/>
13266 and the <LINK content="sauropod"/> <NOMEN name="Rebbachisaurus"/>. </P>
13270 <GENUS name="Oviraptor" type="with">
13274 <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
13275 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
13278 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
13279 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
13280 <REMAINS content="skeletons (some complete), eggs"/>
13281 <SPECIES name="philoceratops">
13282 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
13284 <LINK content="ceratopsian"/>-loving
13287 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
13288 <SYNONYM name="Rinchenia mongoliensis" status="objective"/>
13290 <SPECIES name="yanshini">
13291 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Paul" year="1988"/>
13292 <SYNONYM name="Ingenia yanshini" status="objective"/>
13295 <P> <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/> had a crest on its head, grasping hands, and
13296 an unusual penchant for being fossilized in interesting positions. The first
13297 one was found near what was thought to be the nest of a
13298 <NOMEN name="Protoceratops"/>, presumably intent on snatching an egg. This
13299 gave it its name, which means "<LINK content="ceratopsian"/>-loving egg
13302 <P> In fact, analysis of the fetuses inside the eggs have since shown it to
13303 be the <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/>'s own nest. More recently, another oviraptorid
13304 (possibly <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/>) has been
13305 found which died in a sandstorm while sitting on a nest of its own brood.
13306 These two discoveries show that <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/> probably cared
13307 for its offspring, as <LINK content="birds"/> and
13308 <LINK content="crocodylians"/> do today. </P>
13310 <P> <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/> was featured in the book <U>Dinotopia</U>,
13311 where it was renamed <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Ovinutrix"/> ("egg nurse"),
13312 since that was its function in the book's utopian society of prehistoric
13313 animals and humans. Strangely enough, the name given in the
13314 fictional book has turned out to fit the animal better than its actual name.
13319 <GENUS name="Ovoraptor" type="with">
13323 <SPECIES name="djadochtari" status="nudum">
13324 <AUTHOR year="1924"/>
13325 <SYNONYM name="Velociraptor mongoliensis"/>
13327 Djadokhta <LOW>Formation</LOW>
13332 <GENUS name="Ozraptor" type="with">
13334 Oz <LOW>(=Australia)</LOW> raider
13336 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
13337 <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
13338 <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
13339 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
13340 <REMAINS museum="UWA" id="82469" content="distal fragment of tibia"/>
13341 <SPECIES name="subotaii">
13342 <AUTHOR year="1998"/>
13344 Subotai's <LOW>(character in <U>Conan the Barbarian</U>)</LOW>
13348 <P> Originally identified as the remains of a <LINK content="turtle"/>. </P>
13352 <GENUS name="Pachycephalosaurus">
13353 <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1943"/>
13355 thick-headed lizard
13357 <LENGTH value="5"/>
13358 <LENGTH value="8"/>
13359 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
13360 <PLACE name="Montana, S. Dakota, Wyoming"/>
13361 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skull, skull fragments"/>
13362 <SPECIES name="wyomingensis" original="Troodon" status="conservandum">
13363 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1931"/>
13364 <MEANING>from Wyoming</MEANING>
13366 <SPECIES name="grangeri">
13367 <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1943"/>
13368 <SYNONYM name="wyomingensis"/>
13370 <SPECIES name="reinheimeri">
13371 <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1943"/>
13372 <SYNONYM name="wyomingensis"/>
13374 <SPECIES name="sp.">
13375 <TIME section="middle-late" value="Campanian"/>
13376 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
13379 <P> This, the largest of <LINK content="pachycephalosaurs"/>, had a skull dome 10
13385 <GENUS name="Pachyrhinosaurus" type="with">
13389 <LENGTH value="5.5"/>
13390 <LENGTH value="7"/>
13391 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
13392 <PLACE name="Alaska, Alberta"/>
13393 <REMAINS content="12 partial skulls, disarticulated material"/>
13394 <SPECIES name="canadensis">
13395 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1950"/>
13400 <SPECIES name="horneri">
13401 <SYNONYM name="Achelousaurus horneri" status="objective"/>
13404 <P> <NOMEN name="Pachyrhinosaurus"/> had a large horny pad covering the top of its face,
13405 possibly supporting a truly gigantic horn, as well as several small,
13406 straight horns on the middle of its frill. </P>
13410 <GENUS name="Pachysauriscus">
13411 <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1959"/>
13413 <NOMEN name="Pachysaurus"/>-like <LOW>one</LOW>
13415 <SPECIES name="ajax">
13416 <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus ajax" status="objective"/>
13418 <SPECIES name="giganteus">
13419 <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus giganteus" status="objective"/>
13421 <SPECIES name="magnus">
13422 <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus magnus" status="objective"/>
13424 <SPECIES name="reinigeri">
13425 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus reinigeri" status="objective"/>
13427 <SPECIES name="wetzelianus">
13428 <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus wetzelianus" status="objective"/>
13432 <GENUS name="Pachysaurops">
13433 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1961"/>
13434 <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus"/>
13436 <NOMEN name="Pachysaurus"/> face
13440 <GENUS name="Pachysaurus" type="with">
13441 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Fitzinger" year="1843"/>
13445 <SPECIES name="ajax" status="dubium">
13446 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
13447 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
13448 <MEANING>Ajax <LOW>(hero of the Trojan War)</LOW></MEANING>
13450 <SPECIES name="giganteus" status="dubium">
13451 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
13452 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
13457 <SPECIES name="magnus" status="dubium">
13458 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
13459 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
13464 <SPECIES name="wetzelianus" status="dubium">
13465 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
13466 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
13470 <GENUS name="Pachyspondylus" type="with">
13474 <SPECIES name="orpenii" status="dubium">
13475 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1854"/>
13476 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
13477 <REMAINS content="fragmentary vertebrae"/>
13481 <GENUS name="Palaeoctonus">
13482 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
13483 <SYNONYM name="Clepsysaurus"/>
13486 <GENUS name="Palaeonornis">
13487 <AUTHOR name="Emmons" year="1857"/>
13488 <PROPERTAXON name="Parasuchia"/>
13491 <GENUS name="Palaeopteryx" type="with">
13495 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
13496 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
13497 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
13498 <REMAINS content="end of radius"/>
13499 <SPECIES name="thomsoni" status="dubium">
13500 <AUTHOR name="Jensen" year="1981"/>
13503 <P> Originally classified as <LINK content="archaeopterygian"/>,
13504 but may be <LINK content="deinonychosaurian"/> or <LINK content="troodontid"/>.
13509 <GENUS name="Palaeornis">
13510 <AUTHOR name="Mantell" year="1844"/>
13511 <SYNONYM name="Ornithocheirus"/>
13517 <GENUS name="Palaeosauriscus" type="with">
13519 <NOMEN name="Palaeosaurus2"/>-like <LOW>one</LOW>
13521 <SPECIES name="cylindrodon">
13522 <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1959"/>
13523 <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis"/>
13525 cylindrically-toothed
13528 <SPECIES name="diagnosticus">
13529 <SYNONYM name="Palaeosaurus diagnosticus" status="objective"/>
13531 <SPECIES name="fraserianus">
13532 <SYNONYM name="Palaeosaurus2 fraserianus" status="objective"/>
13536 <GENUS name="Palaeosaurus" type="with">
13537 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" year="1833"/>
13541 <SPECIES name="diagnosticus">
13542 <AUTHOR name="Riley, Stutchbury" year="1836"/>
13543 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia" incertae="1"/>
13544 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
13551 <GENUS name="Palaeosaurus2" type="with">
13552 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" year="1833"/>
13556 <SPECIES name="fraserianus" status="dubium">
13557 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
13558 <SYNONYM name="Anchisaurus polyzelus"/>
13559 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
13563 <GENUS name="Palaeoscincus" type="with">
13565 old <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Scincus"/> <LOW>(skink)</LOW>
13567 <SPECIES name="costatus" status="dubium">
13568 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1856"/>
13569 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
13571 <SPECIES name="africanus">
13572 <SYNONYM name="Paranthodon africanus" status="objective"/>
13574 <SPECIES name="asper" status="dubium">
13575 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
13576 <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus tutus"/>
13578 <SPECIES name="latus" status="dubium">
13579 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
13580 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
13582 broad<LOW>-toothed</LOW>
13585 <SPECIES name="rugosidens">
13586 <SYNONYM name="Edmontonia rugosidens" status="objective"/>
13588 <SPECIES name="tutus">
13589 <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus tutus" status="objective"/>
13592 <P> This dubious genus, based on teeth, was one of the first American
13593 <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> to be named. <NOMEN name="Palaeoscincus costatus"/> may belong to
13594 <NOMEN name="Panoplosaurus mirus"/>, and <NOMEN name="Palaeoscincus latus"/>
13595 may belong to <NOMEN name="Edmontonia"/>. </P>
13599 <GENUS name="Panoplosaurus" type="with">
13601 completely armored lizard
13603 <LENGTH value="7"/>
13604 <MASS value="3500"/>
13605 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
13606 <PLACE name="Montana, Alberta"/>
13607 <REMAINS content="partial specimen with complete cranium, teeth"/>
13608 <SPECIES name="mirus">
13609 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1919"/>
13611 <SPECIES name="logiceps">
13612 <SYNONYM name="Edmontonia logiceps" status="objective"/>
13614 <SPECIES name="rugosidens">
13615 <SYNONYM name="Edmontonia rugosidens" status="objective"/>
13619 <GENUS name="Parahesperornis" type="with">
13621 <LOW>one</LOW> beside <NOMEN name="Hesperornis"/>
13624 <PLACE name="N. America"/>
13625 <SPECIES name="alexi">
13626 <AUTHOR name="Martin" year="1984"/>
13627 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton with feather impressions"/>
13629 <SPECIES name="gracilis" original="Hesperornis" q="1">
13635 <P> <NOMEN name="Parahesperornis gracilis"/> may belong in <NOMEN name="Hesperornis"/>, as it was originally placed.
13636 Its feathers were rather hair-like. </P>
13640 <GENUS name="Paraiguanodon" type="with">
13642 <LOW>one</LOW> beside <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>
13644 <SPECIES name="incolapaludalis" status="nudum">
13645 <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
13646 <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
13647 <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus johnsoni"/>
13651 <GENUS name="Paranthodon">
13652 <MISSPELLED name="Paracanthodon"/>
13653 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1929"/>
13655 <LOW>one</LOW> beside <NOMEN name="Anthodon"/>
13657 <LENGTH value="5" q="1"/>
13658 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
13659 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
13660 <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
13661 <REMAINS content="partial skull with teeth"/>
13662 <SPECIES name="africanus" original="Palaeoscincus">
13663 <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1910"/>
13668 <SPECIES name="oweni" status="dubium">
13669 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1929"/>
13670 <SYNONYM name="africanus"/>
13672 <LOW>Sir Richard</LOW> Owen's
13677 <GENUS name="Parapsicephalus">
13678 <AUTHOR name="Arthaber" year="1918"/>
13682 <TIME section="early" value="Toarcian"/>
13683 <PLACE name="England"/>
13684 <REMAINS content="skull"/>
13685 <SPECIES name="purdoni" original="Scaphognathus">
13686 <AUTHOR name="Newton" year="1888"/>
13690 <GENUS name="Pararhabdodon" type="with">
13692 <LOW>one</LOW> beside <NOMEN name="Rhabdodon"/>
13694 <LENGTH value="5"/>
13695 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
13696 <PLACE name="Spain, France"/>
13697 <REMAINS content="neck & back vertebrae, humerus, end of ulna, cranial and postcranial material"/>
13698 <SPECIES name="isonense">
13699 <AUTHOR name="Casanovas-Cladellas, Santafe-Llopis, Isidro-Llorens" year="1993"/>
13702 <P> May be a <LINK content="lambeosaurine"/>. </P>
13706 <GENUS name="Parasaurolophus" type="with">
13708 <LOW>one</LOW> beside <NOMEN name="Saurolophus"/>
13710 <LENGTH value="10"/>
13711 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
13712 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
13713 <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
13714 <SPECIES name="walkeri">
13715 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1922"/>
13716 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
13717 <PLACE name="Montana, Utah" q="1"/>
13719 <SPECIES name="cyrtocristatus">
13720 <AUTHOR name="Ostrom" year="1961"/>
13721 <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
13723 <SPECIES name="tubicen">
13724 <AUTHOR name="Wiman" year="1931"/>
13725 <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
13728 <P> <NOMEN name="Parasaurolophus walkeri"/> had the largest crest of any
13729 <LINK content="duck-bill"/>. It was a long, hollow tube which extended back from
13730 the skull, curving downwards. There may be a notch in its spine where the
13731 crest habitually rested. </P>
13733 <P>The crest of <NOMEN name="P. cyrtocristatus"/> was similar, but smaller.</P>
13737 <GENUS name="Parascaniornis" type="with">
13738 <MEANING>near <NOMEN name="Scaniornis"/> <LOW>(Scanian bird)</LOW></MEANING>
13739 <SPECIES name="stensioi" status="dubium">
13740 <AUTHOR name="Lambrecht" year="1933"/>
13742 <PLACE name="Sweden"/>
13746 <GENUS name="Pareiasaurus">
13747 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1876"/>
13748 <PROPERTAXON name="Pareiasauridae"/>
13751 <GENUS name="Parksosaurus">
13752 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1937"/>
13754 <LOW>William</LOW> Parks' lizard
13756 <LENGTH value="2.4"/>
13758 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
13759 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
13760 <REMAINS content="incomplete skeleton"/>
13761 <SPECIES name="warrenae" original="Thescelosaurus">
13762 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1926"/>
13763 <MEANING>Warren's</MEANING>
13767 <GENUS name="Paronychodon" type="with">
13769 <LOW>one</LOW> beside claw tooth
13771 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
13772 <PLACE name="Montana, New Mexico, Wyoming"/>
13773 <REMAINS content="teeth (adult & juvenile)"/>
13774 <SPECIES name="lacustris" status="dubium">
13775 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
13780 <SPECIES name="caperatus">
13781 <SYNONYM name="Tripriodon caperatus" status="objective"/>
13783 <SPECIES name="explanatus">
13784 <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus explanatus" status="objective"/>
13787 <P> Possibly a <LINK content="troodontid"/>.
13792 <GENUS name="Parrosaurus" status="dubium">
13793 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1945"/>
13794 <SPECIES name="missouriensis">
13795 <SYNONYM name="Hypsibema missouriensis" status="objective"/>
13799 <GENUS name="Parvicursor" type="with">
13803 <LENGTH value="1"/>
13804 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
13805 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
13806 <REMAINS content="incomplete skeleton (with pelvis, hindlimb, parts of tail and back)"/>
13807 <SPECIES name="remotus">
13808 <AUTHOR name="Karhu, Rautian" year="1996"/>
13815 <GENUS name="Pasquiaornis" type="with">
13817 Pasquia <LOW>Hills</LOW> bird
13819 <TIME section="early" value="LK"/>
13820 <PLACE name="Saskatchewan"/>
13821 <SPECIES name="hardiei">
13822 <AUTHOR name="Tokaryk, Cumbaa, Storer" year="1997"/>
13824 <SPECIES name="tankei">
13825 <AUTHOR name="Tokaryk, Cumbaa, Storer" year="1997"/>
13829 <GENUS name="Patagonykus" type="with">
13833 <LENGTH value="2"/>
13834 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
13835 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
13836 <SPECIES name="puertai">
13837 <AUTHOR name="Novas" year="1996"/>
13840 <P> Transitional between basal <LINK content="alvarezsaurids"/>
13841 (like <NOMEN name="Alvarezsaurus"/>) and <LINK content="mononykines"/>
13842 (like <NOMEN name="Mononykus"/>). </P>
13846 <GENUS name="Patagopteryx" type="with">
13850 <LENGTH value="0.75"/>
13852 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
13853 <REMAINS type="holo" museum="MACN" id="N 03" content="specimen"/>
13854 <REMAINS museum="MACN" id="N 11" content="well-preserved specimen"/>
13855 <REMAINS content="other specimens"/>
13856 <SPECIES name="deferrariasi">
13857 <AUTHOR name="Alvarenga, Bonaparte" year="1992"/>
13858 <MEANING><LOW>Professor Oscar</LOW> de Ferrarias'</MEANING>
13861 <P> <NOMEN name="Patagopteryx"/>' wings were quite short, indicating that it had lost
13862 the ability to fly. Although reconstructed as having a short tail with no
13863 pygostyle, it probably did have a pygostyle. </P>
13867 <GENUS name="Patagosaurus" type="with">
13871 <LENGTH value="18"/>
13872 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
13873 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
13874 <REMAINS content="12 skeletons"/>
13875 <SPECIES name="fariasi">
13876 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1979"/>
13880 <GENUS name="Patricosaurus" type="with">
13885 <PLACE name="England"/>
13886 <REMAINS content="fragmentary femur & sacral vertebra"/>
13887 <SPECIES name="merocratus" status="dubium">
13888 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1887"/>
13892 <GENUS name="Pawpawsaurus" type="with">
13894 Paw Paw <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
13896 <TIME value="Albian"/>
13897 <TIME section="earliest" value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
13898 <PLACE name="Texas"/>
13899 <PLACE name="Utah" q="1"/>
13900 <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
13901 <SPECIES name="campbelli">
13902 <AUTHOR name="Lee" year="1996"/>
13905 <P> Bony eyelids have been preserved from this species.
13910 <GENUS name="Pectinodon" type="with">
13914 <SPECIES name="bakkeri">
13915 <AUTHOR name="Carpenter" year="1982"/>
13916 <SYNONYM name="Troodon formosus"/>
13918 <LOW>Robert</LOW> Bakker's
13921 <SPECIES name="asiamericanus">
13922 <SYNONYM name="Saurornithoides asiamericanus" status="objective"/>
13926 <GENUS name="Peishansaurus" type="with">
13931 <PLACE name="China"/>
13932 <REMAINS content="fragmentary jaw with tooth"/>
13933 <SPECIES name="philemys" status="dubium">
13934 <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
13937 <P> Originally classified as an <LINK content="ankylosaur"/>, but may be a
13938 <LINK content="pachycephalosaur"/>.
13943 <GENUS name="Pekinosaurus" type="with">
13947 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
13948 <PLACE name="N. Carolina"/>
13949 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
13950 <SPECIES name="olseni">
13951 <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1994"/>
13955 <GENUS name="Pelagornis2">
13956 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1866"/>
13957 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Lartet" year="1857"/>
13958 <SYNONYM name="Enaliornis"/>
13959 <MEANING>sea bird</MEANING>
13962 <GENUS name="Pelecanimimus" type="with">
13966 <LENGTH value="2"/>
13967 <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
13968 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
13969 <PLACE name="Spain"/>
13970 <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae, pectoral girdle, sternum, forelimb, skin impressions"/>
13971 <SPECIES name="polyodon">
13972 <AUTHOR name="Perez-Moreno, Sanz, Buscalloni, Moratalla, Ortega, Rasskin-Gutman" year="1994"/>
13978 <P> Despite being a member of a mostly toothless group, <NOMEN name="Pelecanimimus"/> had
13979 more teeth than any other <LINK content="theropod"/> (over 220)! </P>
13981 <P> Tissue impressions of this animal show a small dewlap or throat pouch
13982 (hence the name). They were also originally thought to show 4
13983 structures, possibly related to feathers, but further analysis shows them
13984 to be imprints of muscle fibers. </P>
13988 <GENUS name="Pellegrinisaurus" type="with">
13990 <LOW>Lake</LOW> Pellegrini lizard
13992 <LENGTH value="20"/>
13993 <LENGTH value="25"/>
13994 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
13995 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
13996 <REMAINS content="neck and back vertebrae, partial femur"/>
13997 <SPECIES name="powelli">
13998 <AUTHOR name="Salgado" year="1996"/>
14002 <GENUS name="Pelorosaurus" type="with">
14003 <MISSPELLED name="Pelerosaurus"/>
14004 <MISSPELLED name="Pelosaurus"/>
14005 <MISSPELLED name="Pelrorosaurus"/>
14006 <MISSPELLED name="Polorosaurus"/>
14007 <MISSPELLED name="Telorosaurus"/>
14011 <LENGTH value="24"/>
14012 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
14013 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
14014 <PLACE name="England"/>
14015 <PLACE name="Portugal" q="1"/>
14016 <REMAINS content="neck and back vertebrae, humerus, sacrum, pelvis, hindlimb elements"/>
14017 <SPECIES name="conybearei" status="dubium">
14018 <AUTHOR name="Mantell" year="1850"/>
14020 <SPECIES name="armatus">
14021 <SYNONYM name="Oplosaurus armatus" status="objective"/>
14023 <SPECIES name="becklessi" status="dubium">
14024 <AUTHOR name="Mantell" year="1852"/>
14026 <SPECIES name="hulkei">
14027 <SYNONYM name="Ornithopsis hulkei" status="objective"/>
14029 <SPECIES name="humerocristatus" status="dubium" original="Cetiosaurus">
14030 <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1874"/>
14032 <LOW>with a</LOW> crested humerus
14035 <SPECIES name="leedsii" status="dubium" original="Ornithopsis">
14036 <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1887"/>
14038 <SPECIES name="mackesoni" status="dubium" original="Dinodocus">
14039 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1884"/>
14041 <SPECIES name="manseli">
14042 <SYNONYM name="Ischyrosaurus manseli" status="objective"/>
14044 <SPECIES name="megalonyx">
14045 <SYNONYM name="Gigantosaurus megalonyx" status="objective"/>
14047 <SPECIES name="praecursor">
14048 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon praecursor" status="objective"/>
14051 <P> The skin bore small, hexagon-like tubercles.
14056 <GENUS name="Peltosaurus" status="nudum">
14057 <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
14058 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Chure, McIntosh" year="1989"/>
14059 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Cope" year="1873"/>
14060 <SYNONYM name="Sauropelta"/>
14066 <GENUS name="Pentaceratops" type="with">
14070 <LENGTH value="5"/>
14071 <LENGTH value="8"/>
14072 <MASS value="2500"/>
14073 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
14074 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
14075 <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
14076 <REMAINS content="9 skulls, skeletons (some complete)"/>
14077 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
14078 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1923"/>
14080 <LOW>Charles M.</LOW> Sternberg's
14083 <SPECIES name="fenestratus">
14084 <AUTHOR name="Wiman" year="1930"/>
14085 <SYNONYM name="sternbergi"/>
14091 <P> A recently discovered skull (over 3m long) gives
14092 <NOMEN name="Pentaceratops"/> the title of Terrestrial Animal with the
14093 Largest Head, formerly held by <NOMEN name="Torosaurus"/>. </P>
14097 <GENUS name="Peteinosaurus" type="with">
14101 <TIME value="Norian"/>
14102 <PLACE name="Italy"/>
14103 <REMAINS content="incomplete postcranium, partial skeleton"/>
14104 <LENGTH wingspan="1" value=".6"/>
14105 <SPECIES name="zambelli">
14106 <AUTHOR name="Wild" year="1978"/>
14110 <GENUS name="Phaedrolosaurus" type="with">
14115 <PLACE name="China"/>
14116 <REMAINS content="tibia, phalanges, teeth"/>
14117 <SPECIES name="ilikensis" status="dubium">
14118 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1973"/>
14121 <P>Possibly a <LINK content="deinonychosaur"/>.</P>
14125 <GENUS name="Phobetor" type="with">
14126 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Krøyer" year="1844"/>
14127 <MEANING>Phobetor <LOW>(god of fear)</LOW></MEANING>
14128 <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
14129 <TIME section="late" value="LK"/>
14130 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
14131 <SPECIES name="parvus">
14132 <AUTHOR name="Balhurina" year="1986"/>
14138 <P> Had odd, upwardly curving, narrow jaws. </P>
14140 <P> The name <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Phobetor"/> is preoccupied by a
14141 <LINK content="fish"/>. </P>
14145 <GENUS name="Phuwiangosaurus" type="with">
14149 <LENGTH value="25"/>
14150 <LENGTH value="30"/>
14152 <PLACE name="Thailand"/>
14153 <REMAINS content="4 partial skeletons, skull material"/>
14154 <REMAINS age="juvenile" content="skeletal material"/>
14155 <SPECIES name="sirindhornae">
14156 <AUTHOR name="Martin, Buffetaut, Suteethorn" year="1994"/>
14160 <GENUS name="Phyllodon" type="with">
14164 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
14165 <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
14166 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
14167 <SPECIES name="henkeli" status="dubium">
14168 <AUTHOR name="Thulborn" year="1973"/>
14172 <GENUS name="Piatnitzkysaurus" type="with">
14174 <LOW>A.</LOW> Piatnitzky's lizard
14176 <LENGTH value="6"/>
14177 <MASS value="250"/>
14178 <MASS value="300"/>
14179 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
14180 <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
14181 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
14182 <REMAINS content="2 fragmentary skeletons"/>
14183 <SPECIES name="floresi">
14184 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1979"/>
14188 <GENUS name="Picrodon" type="with">
14192 <TIME value="LTr"/>
14193 <PLACE name="England"/>
14194 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
14195 <REMAINS content="neck vertebrae" q="1"/>
14196 <SPECIES name="herveyi" status="dubium">
14197 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1898"/>
14198 <SYNONYM name="Avalonianus sanfordi"/>
14202 <GENUS name="Pinacosaurus" type="with">
14206 <LENGTH value="5.5"/>
14207 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
14208 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
14209 <SPECIES name="grangeri">
14210 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1933"/>
14211 <PLACE name="Mongolia, China"/>
14212 <REMAINS content="over 35 specimens (some juvenile)"/>
14214 <SPECIES name="disparoserratus">
14215 <SYNONYM name="Maleevus disparoserratus" status="objective"/>
14217 <SPECIES name="mephistocephalus">
14218 <AUTHOR name="Godefroit, Pereda-Superbiola, Li, Dong"/>
14219 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
14220 <REMAINS content="articulated specimen"/>
14222 <SPECIES name="ninghsiensis">
14223 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1935"/>
14224 <SYNONYM name="grangeri"/>
14227 <P> A group of about 20 juveniles was recently found, fueling speculations that
14228 these animals may have formed herds based on age.
14233 <GENUS name="Pisanosaurus" type="with">
14237 <LENGTH value="1"/>
14238 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
14239 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
14240 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
14241 <SPECIES name="merti">
14242 <AUTHOR name="Casamiquela" year="1967"/>
14245 <P> The earliest well-known <LINK content="ornithischian"/>. Once classified as a
14246 <LINK content="heterodontosaurid"/>.
14251 <GENUS name="Piveteausaurus">
14252 <AUTHOR name="Taquet, Welles" year="1977"/>
14256 <TIME section="late" value="Callovian"/>
14257 <PLACE name="France"/>
14258 <REMAINS content="braincase, skeletal elements"/>
14259 <SPECIES name="divesensis" original="Eustreptospondylus">
14260 <AUTHOR name="C. A. Walker" year="1964"/>
14264 <GENUS name="Plataleorhynchus" type="with">
14266 <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Platalea"/> <LOW>(spoonbill)</LOW> beak
14268 <TIME value="Tithonian" q="1"/>
14269 <PLACE name="England"/>
14270 <REMAINS content="end of snout"/>
14271 <SPECIES name="streptophorodon">
14272 <AUTHOR name="Howse, Browner" year="1995"/>
14275 <P> May be from the Berriasian (Early Cretaceous).
14280 <GENUS name="Platanavis" type="with">
14281 <SPECIES name="nana">
14282 <MEANING>dwarf</MEANING>
14283 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1992"/>
14286 <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Platanus"/> <LOW>(sycamore tree)</LOW> bird
14289 <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
14292 <GENUS name="Plateosauravus">
14293 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
14295 <NOMEN name="Plateosaurus"/> ancestor
14297 <SPECIES name="cullingworthi">
14298 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus cullingworthi" status="objective"/>
14299 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
14301 <SPECIES name="stormbergensis">
14302 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus stormbergensis" status="objective"/>
14303 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
14307 <GENUS name="Plateosaurus" type="with">
14308 <MISSPELLED name="Platysaurus"/>
14312 <LENGTH value="6"/>
14313 <LENGTH value="10"/>
14314 <MASS value="700"/>
14315 <TIME section="late" value="Norian"/>
14316 <PLACE name="Germany, Switzerland, France"/>
14317 <PLACE name="Sweden" q="1"/>
14318 <REMAINS content="around 100 skeletons (some complete, some juvenile), 10 skulls, isolated elements, teeth"/>
14319 <SPECIES name="engelhardti">
14320 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1837"/>
14322 <SPECIES name="carinatus">
14323 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus" status="objective"/>
14325 <SPECIES name="cloacinus">
14326 <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus cloacinus" status="objective"/>
14328 <SPECIES name="cullingworthi">
14329 <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
14330 <SYNONYM name="Melanorosaurus readi"/>
14332 <SPECIES name="elizae" status="dubium">
14333 <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1907"/>
14334 <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauria" incertae="1"/>
14335 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
14337 <SPECIES name="erlenbergiensis">
14338 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1905"/>
14339 <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
14341 <SPECIES name="fraasi">
14342 <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus fraasi" status="objective"/>
14344 <SPECIES name="fraasianus">
14345 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
14346 <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
14348 <LOW>E.</LOW> Fraas'
14351 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
14352 <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis" status="objective"/>
14354 <SPECIES name="integer">
14355 <AUTHOR name="Fraas"/>
14356 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1915"/>
14357 <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
14359 <SPECIES name="longiceps">
14360 <AUTHOR name="Jaekel" year="1913"/>
14361 <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
14366 <SPECIES name="obtusus">
14367 <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus obtusus" status="objective"/>
14369 <SPECIES name="ornatus" status="dubium">
14370 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
14371 <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
14376 <SPECIES name="plieningeri">
14377 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
14378 <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
14380 <SPECIES name="poligniensis">
14381 <SYNONYM name="Dimodosaurus poligniensis" status="objective"/>
14383 <SPECIES name="quenstedti">
14384 <SYNONYM name="Zanclodon quenstedti" status="objective"/>
14386 <SPECIES name="reinigeri" status="dubium">
14387 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
14388 <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
14390 <SPECIES name="robustus">
14391 <SYNONYM name="Gresslyosaurus robustus" status="objective"/>
14393 <SPECIES name="stormbergensis" status="dubium">
14394 <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1915"/>
14395 <SYNONYM name="Euskelosaurus browni"/>
14397 <SPECIES name="torgeri">
14398 <SYNONYM name="Gresslyosaurus torgeri" status="objective"/>
14400 <SPECIES name="trossingensis">
14401 <AUTHOR name="E. Fraas" year="1913"/>
14402 <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
14409 <GENUS name="Plegadornis">
14410 <AUTHOR name="Wetmore" year="1962"/>
14411 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Brehm" year="1855"/>
14412 <SYNONYM name="Ichthyornis"/>
14414 <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Plegadis"/> <LOW>(ibis)</LOW> bird
14418 <GENUS name="Pleurocoelus" type="with">
14419 <MISSPELLED name="Plaurocoelus"/>
14420 <MISSPELLED name="Pleurocaelus"/>
14421 <MISSPELLED name="Pleurocoelis"/>
14422 <MEANING>hollow side</MEANING>
14423 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
14424 <TIME section="middle" value="Albian"/>
14425 <REMAINS content="skull elements, teeth, vertebrae, tibia, fibula, etc."/>
14426 <SPECIES name="nanus">
14427 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1888"/>
14428 <MEANING>dwarf</MEANING>
14429 <PLACE name="Maryland"/>
14431 <SPECIES name="altus">
14432 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1888"/>
14433 <MEANING>tall</MEANING>
14434 <PLACE name="Maryland"/>
14435 <PROPERTAXON name="Sauropoda" incertae="1"/>
14437 <SPECIES name="montanus" status="dubium">
14438 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1896"/>
14439 <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus grandis"/>
14440 <MEANING>montane</MEANING>
14442 <SPECIES name="pusillus">
14443 <SYNONYM name="Astrodon pusillus" status="objective"/>
14445 <SPECIES name="suffosus">
14446 <SYNONYM name="Bothriospondylus suffosus" status="objective"/>
14448 <SPECIES name="valdensis" status="dubiumQ">
14449 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
14450 <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus conybearei"/>
14451 <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW></MEANING>
14453 <SPECIES name="sp.">
14454 <PLACE name="Texas"/>
14455 <PROPERTAXON name="Titanosauria"/>
14458 <P> <NOMEN name="Pleurocoelus altus"/> was once thought to be the adult form of
14459 <NOMEN name="P. nanus"/>, but more recently is has been suggested as an
14460 entirely different sauropod. The Texan material assigned to this genus
14461 also may not belong. </P>
14465 <GENUS name="Pleuropeltus" type="with">
14469 <SPECIES name="suessi" status="dubium">
14470 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
14471 <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus transylvanicus"/>
14475 <GENUS name="Pneumatoarthrus">
14476 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1870"/>
14477 <PROPERTAXON name="Chelonia"/>
14483 <GENUS name="Podokesaurus" type="with">
14487 <LENGTH value="1"/>
14488 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
14489 <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
14490 <PLACE name="Connecticut"/>
14491 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton (destroyed in a fire)"/>
14492 <SPECIES name="holyokensis">
14493 <AUTHOR name="Talbot" year="1911"/>
14499 <P> May be a <LINK content="coelophysoid"/>. Some consider it synonymous with
14500 <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/>. </P>
14504 <GENUS name="Podopteryx" type="with">
14505 <MEANING>foot wing</MEANING>
14506 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Selys-Longchamps" year="1871"/>
14507 <SPECIES name="mirabilis">
14508 <SYNONYM name="Sharovipteryx mirabilis" status="objective"/>
14512 <GENUS name="Poekilopleuron" type="with">
14513 <MISSPELLED name="Poecilopleuron"/>
14514 <MISSPELLED name="Poecilopleurum"/>
14515 <MISSPELLED name="Poicilopleuron"/>
14516 <MISSPELLED name="Poikilopleuron"/>
14520 <LENGTH value="9"/>
14521 <MASS value="1000" q="1"/>
14522 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
14523 <PLACE name="France"/>
14524 <SPECIES name="bucklandii">
14525 <AUTHOR name="Eudes-Deslongchamps" year="1838"/>
14526 <REMAINS content="forelimb elements (destroyed in World War II)"/>
14527 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton" q="1"/>
14529 <LOW>2</LOW> Buckland's
14532 <SPECIES name="gallicum">
14533 <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus gallicus" status="objective"/>
14535 <SPECIES name="minor">
14536 <AUTHOR name="Owen"/>
14537 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
14538 <SYNONYM name="Calamospondylus2 foxi"/>
14543 <SPECIES name="poikilopleuron">
14544 <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus poikilopleuron" status="objective"/>
14546 <SPECIES name="pusillum">
14547 <SYNONYM name="Aristosuchus pusillus" status="objective"/>
14549 <SPECIES name="schmidti" status="dubium">
14550 <AUTHOR name="Kiprijanov" year="1883"/>
14551 <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
14552 <REMAINS content="ribs, tibia fragment"/>
14554 <SPECIES name="valens">
14555 <SYNONYM name="Antrodemus valens" status="objective"/>
14559 <GENUS name="Polacanthoides" type="with">
14561 <NOMEN name="Polacanthus"/> form
14563 <SPECIES name="ponderosus">
14564 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1928"/>
14565 <SYNONYM name="Polacanthus foxii"/>
14566 <SYNONYM name="Hylaeosaurus armatus"/>
14570 <GENUS name="Polacanthus" type="with">
14574 <LENGTH value="4"/>
14575 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
14576 <SPECIES name="foxii">
14577 <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1881"/>
14578 <PLACE name="England"/>
14579 <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
14581 <SPECIES name="becklessi" status="dubium">
14582 <AUTHOR name="Hennig" year="1925"/>
14583 <SYNONYM name="foxii"/>
14585 <SPECIES name="marshi">
14586 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Pereda-Superbiola"/>
14587 <SYNONYM name="Hoplitosaurus marshi" status="objective"/>
14589 <SPECIES name="rudgwickensis">
14590 <AUTHOR name="Blows" year="1996"/>
14591 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, scapulocoracoid, humerus, tibia, ribs, armor"/>
14595 <GENUS name="Polyodontosaurus" type="with">
14597 many-toothed lizard
14599 <SPECIES name="grandis">
14600 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1932"/>
14601 <SYNONYM name="Troodon formosus"/>
14608 <GENUS name="Polyonax" type="with">
14610 master <LOW>of</LOW> many
14612 <LENGTH value="7"/>
14613 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
14614 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
14615 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, limb fragments, horn core fragments"/>
14616 <SPECIES name="mortuarius" status="dubium">
14617 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1874"/>
14620 <P> May belong to <NOMEN name="Triceratops"/>. </P>
14624 <GENUS name="Ponerosteus" status="unpublished">
14628 <SPECIES name="exogyrarum" status="dubium" original="Iguanodon">
14629 <MEANING><NOMEN nolink="1" name="Exogyra"/>'s <LOW>(shell from the same formation)</LOW></MEANING>
14630 <AUTHOR name="Fritsch" year="1878"/>
14631 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
14635 <GENUS name="Poposaurus" type="with">
14636 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
14637 <AUTHOR name="Mehl" year="1915"/>
14638 <PROPERTAXON name="Poposauridae"/>
14645 <GENUS name="Prenocephale" type="with">
14649 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
14650 <SPECIES name="prenes">
14651 <REMAINS content="complete skull with partial postcranium"/>
14652 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
14653 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
14654 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
14655 <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1974"/>
14660 <SPECIES name="brevis" original="Stegoceras" q="1">
14661 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1918"/>
14662 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Sullivan" year="2000"/>
14663 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
14664 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
14669 <SPECIES name="edmontonensis" original="Troodon" q="1">
14670 <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1943"/>
14671 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Sullivan" year="2000"/>
14672 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
14673 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
14674 <REMAINS content="skull fragments"/>
14676 from <LOW>the</LOW> Edmonton <LOW>Formation</LOW>
14681 <GENUS name="Preondactylus" type="with">
14682 <MEANING>Preone <LOW>Valley</LOW> finger</MEANING>
14683 <SPECIES name="buffarinii">
14684 <AUTHOR name="Wild" year="1983"/>
14685 <MEANING><LOW>N.</LOW> Buffarini's</MEANING>
14687 <TIME value="Norian" section="early"/>
14688 <TIME value="Norian" section="middle"/>
14689 <PLACE name="Italy"/>
14690 <REMAINS content="articulated skeleton"/>
14691 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton" comment="digested"/>
14692 <REMAINS content="forelimb elements"/>
14693 <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="1.5"/>
14695 <P>The most primitive known <LINK content="pterosaur"/>.</P>
14699 <GENUS name="Priconodon" type="with">
14700 <MISSPELLED name="Princonodon"/>
14704 <TIME value="Albian"/>
14705 <PLACE name="Maryland"/>
14706 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
14707 <SPECIES name="crassus" status="dubium">
14708 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1888"/>
14712 <GENUS name="Priodontognathus" status="dubium">
14713 <MISSPELLED name="Priodontosaurus"/>
14714 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1875"/>
14718 <TIME value="Oxfordian" q="1"/>
14719 <PLACE name="England"/>
14720 <REMAINS content="maxilla with teeth"/>
14721 <SPECIES name="phillipsii" status="dubium" original="Iguanodon">
14722 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
14725 <P> Once included a partial femur now referred to
14726 <NOMEN name="Dacentrurus phillipsii"/>. </P>
14730 <GENUS name="Priscavolucris" status="dubium">
14731 <AUTHOR name="Gomez" year="1979"/>
14732 <PROPERTAXON name="Chondrichthyes"/>
14738 <GENUS name="Probactrosaurus" type="with">
14740 <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Bactrosaurus"/>
14742 <LENGTH value="6"/>
14743 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
14744 <TIME value="Albian"/>
14745 <PLACE name="China"/>
14746 <SPECIES name="gobiensis">
14747 <AUTHOR name="Rozhdestvensky" year="1966"/>
14748 <REMAINS content="skeleton"/>
14750 from <LOW>the</LOW> Gobi <LOW>Desert</LOW>
14753 <SPECIES name="alashanicus">
14754 <AUTHOR name="Rozhdestvensky" year="1966"/>
14755 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull"/>
14757 Alashan <LOW>Desert</LOW>
14760 <SPECIES name="mazongshanensis">
14761 <AUTHOR name="Lu" year="1991"/>
14762 <REMAINS content="posterior of skull, postcrania"/>
14765 <P> May be a basal <LINK content="styracosternan"/>, the sister group to
14766 <LINK content="Hadrosauridae"/>, or something in between. </P>
14770 <GENUS name="Proceratops">
14771 <AUTHOR name="Lull" year="1906"/>
14773 <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Ceratops"/>
14775 <SPECIES name="montanus">
14776 <SYNONYM name="Ceratops montanus" status="objective"/>
14780 <GENUS name="Proceratosaurus">
14781 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1926"/>
14783 <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Ceratosaurus"/>
14785 <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
14786 <MASS value="100" q="1"/>
14787 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
14788 <PLACE name="England"/>
14789 <REMAINS content="partial skull"/>
14790 <SPECIES name="bradleyi" original="Megalosaurus">
14791 <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1910"/>
14793 <SPECIES name="divesensis">
14794 <SYNONYM name="Piveteausaurus divesensis" status="objective"/>
14797 <P> Once thought of as the ancestor of <NOMEN name="Ceratosaurus"/>,
14798 another theropod with a nasal horn/crest, it is now recognized as a
14799 <LINK content="coelurosaur"/>, the earliest one known. </P>
14803 <GENUS name="Procerosaurus">
14804 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1902"/>
14805 <SYNONYM name="Tanystropheus"/>
14807 <LOW>one</LOW> before horned lizard
14811 <GENUS name="Procerosaurus2">
14812 <AUTHOR name="Fritsch" year="1905"/>
14813 <AUTHOR type="first" name="von Huene" year="1902"/>
14815 <LOW>one</LOW> before horned lizard
14817 <SPECIES name="exogyrarum">
14818 <SYNONYM name="Ponerosteus exogyrarum" status="objective"/>
14822 <GENUS name="Procheneosaurus">
14823 <AUTHOR name="Matthew" year="1920"/>
14825 <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Cheneosaurus"/>
14827 <SPECIES name="praeceps">
14828 <SYNONYM name="Tetragonosaurus praeceps" status="objective"/>
14830 <SPECIES name="altidens">
14831 <SYNONYM name="Trachodon altidens" status="objective"/>
14833 <SPECIES name="convincens">
14834 <SYNONYM name="Corythosaurus convincens" status="objective"/>
14836 <SPECIES name="cranibrevis">
14837 <SYNONYM name="Tetragonosaurus cranibrevis" status="objective"/>
14839 <SPECIES name="erectofrons">
14840 <SYNONYM name="Tetragonosaurus erectofrons" status="objective"/>
14844 <GENUS name="Procompsognathus" type="with">
14846 <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Compsognathus"/>
14848 <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
14850 <TIME section="middle" value="Norian"/>
14851 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
14852 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull, vertebrae, pubes, hindlimb, radius, ulna, partial manus, scapulocoracoid"/>
14853 <SPECIES name="triassicus">
14854 <AUTHOR name="E. Fraas" year="1913"/>
14856 <LINK content="Triassic"/>
14861 <GENUS name="Prodeinodon" type="with">
14863 <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Deinodon"/>
14865 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
14866 <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
14867 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
14868 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" status="dubium">
14869 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
14874 <SPECIES name="kwangshiensis" status="dubium">
14875 <AUTHOR name="Hou, Yeh, Zhao" year="1975"/>
14877 <SPECIES name="tibetensis" status="nudum">
14878 <AUTHOR name="Zhang, Li" year="1997"/>
14885 <GENUS name="Proiguanodon" status="nudum">
14886 <AUTHOR name="van den Broeck" year="1900"/>
14888 <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>
14890 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon" q="1"/>
14893 <GENUS name="Prosaurolophus" type="with">
14895 <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Saurolophus"/>
14897 <LENGTH value="8"/>
14898 <LENGTH value="9"/>
14899 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
14900 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
14901 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
14902 <REMAINS content="over 20 skeletons"/>
14903 <SPECIES name="maximus">
14904 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1916"/>
14908 <LENGTH value="8"/>
14909 <LENGTH q="1" value="15"/>
14911 <SPECIES name="blackfeetensis">
14912 <AUTHOR name="Horner" year="1992"/>
14914 from <LOW>the land of the</LOW> Blackfeet <LOW>(North American tribe)</LOW>
14917 <SPECIES name="breviceps" status="dubium" original="Hadrosaurus">
14918 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
14923 <SPECIES name="maximus" status="dubium">
14924 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1916"/>
14930 <P> Possible ancestor to <NOMEN name="Saurolophus"/>. </P>
14934 <GENUS name="Protarchaeopteryx" type="with">
14936 <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/>
14938 <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
14939 <PLACE name="China"/>
14940 <REMAINS content="2 specimens, including feather remains"/>
14941 <SPECIES name="robusta">
14942 <AUTHOR name="Ji Q., Ji S." year="1997"/>
14948 <P> The recently discovered <NOMEN name="Protarchaeopteryx"/>
14949 ("before <NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/>") seems to have actually
14950 lived much later than <NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/>, although
14951 it is more primitive. In fact, it may not even be an
14952 <LINK content="avialan"/> as first thought, but a more basal
14953 <LINK content="maniraptor"/>. </P>
14955 <P> <NOMEN name="Protarchaeopteryx"/> was about turkey-sized. Its forelimbs,
14956 proportionally shorter than those of flying animals, bore long,
14957 symmetrical feathers. Since all flying birds have symmetrical feathers,
14958 <NOMEN name="Protarchaeopteryx"/> probably could not fly. </P>
14962 <GENUS name="Protiguanodon" type="with">
14963 <MISSPELLED name="Proiguanodon"/>
14965 <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>
14967 <SPECIES name="mongoliense">
14968 <SYNONYM name="Psittacosaurus mongoliensis" status="objective"/>
14972 <GENUS name="Protoavis" type="with">
14974 <LOW>one</LOW> before <LINK content="birds"/> / first bird
14976 <MASS value="0.35"/>
14977 <TIME section="late" value="Carnian"/>
14978 <PLACE name="Texas"/>
14979 <REMAINS content="skeletal material from at least 2 individuals (possibly chimeric)"/>
14980 <SPECIES name="texensis">
14981 <AUTHOR name="Chatterjee" year="1991"/>
14984 <P> When this Triassic creature was first discovered, its describer declared it
14985 the earliest <LINK content="bird"/>. This has been met with some skepticism, since the next
14986 bird (chronologically) does not occur until the Late Jurassic
14987 (<NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/>). Some believe <NOMEN name="Protoavis"/> to be a chimera, made up of
14988 parts of different animals. Some bones may belong to a <LINK content="pterosaur"/>,
14989 others to some kind of <LINK content="theropod"/>. </P>
14993 <GENUS name="Protoceratops" type="with">
14995 <LOW>one</LOW> before horned face
14997 <LENGTH value="1.8"/>
14998 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
14999 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
15000 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
15001 <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
15002 <REMAINS content="dozens of skeletons (juvenile & adult), eggs"/>
15003 <SPECIES name="andrewsi">
15004 <AUTHOR name="Granger, Gregory" year="1923"/>
15005 <MEANING>Andrews'</MEANING>
15007 <SPECIES name="grangeri" status="nudum">
15008 <AUTHOR name="Fleury" year="1992"/>
15009 <SYNONYM name="andrewsi"/>
15011 <SPECIES name="kozlowskii">
15012 <SYNONYM name="Breviceratops kozlowskii" status="objective"/>
15014 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" status="nudum">
15015 <AUTHOR name="Lahey" year="1993"/>
15016 <SYNONYM name="andrewsi"/>
15022 <P> There are two forms of <NOMEN name="Protoceratops"/>, the "gracile" form, with low
15023 frill and flat snout, and the "robust" form with raised frill and a high
15024 bump on the nose. These probably represent the two genders. </P>
15026 <P> One spectacular find from Mongolia shows a <NOMEN name="Protoceratops"/> locked
15027 in combat with a <NOMEN name="Velociraptor"/>. The two were buried by a sandstorm as they
15030 <P> Eggs formerly assigned to this animal have turned out to belong to
15031 <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/>. </P>
15035 <GENUS name="Protognathosaurus">
15036 <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
15038 <NOMEN name="Protognathus"/> ("fore jaw") lizard
15040 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
15041 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
15042 <PLACE name="China"/>
15043 <REMAINS content="dentary"/>
15044 <SPECIES name="oxyodon" original="Protognathus">
15045 <AUTHOR name="Zhang" year="1988"/>
15049 <GENUS name="Protognathus" type="with">
15050 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Basilewsky" year="1950"/>
15054 <SPECIES name="oxyodon">
15055 <SYNONYM name="Protognathosaurus oxyodon" status="objective"/>
15059 <GENUS name="Protohadros" type="with">
15061 <LOW>one</LOW> before <LINK content="hadrosaurids"/> / first hadros<LOW>aurid</LOW>
15063 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
15064 <PLACE name="Texas"/>
15065 <REMAINS content="partial skull"/>
15066 <SPECIES name="byrdi">
15068 <LOW>Gary</LOW> Byrd's
15070 <AUTHOR name="Head" year="1998"/>
15073 <P> <NOMEN name="Protohadros"/> is the most primitive <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/> known (if not quite the earliest). </P>
15077 <GENUS name="Protorosaurus">
15078 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1830"/>
15079 <PROPERTAXON name="Prolacertiformes"/>
15082 <GENUS name="Protorosaurus2">
15083 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1914"/>
15084 <AUTHOR type="first" name="von Meyer" year="1830"/>
15086 <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Torosaurus"/>
15088 <SPECIES name="belli">
15089 <SYNONYM name="Chasmosaurus belli" status="objective"/>
15093 <GENUS name="Protrachodon" status="nudum">
15094 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1923"/>
15096 <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Trachodon"/>
15098 <SYNONYM name="Orthomerus"/>
15100 <P>Proposed to give a type genus to the taxon Protrachodontidae, which
15101 had been named earlier.</P>
15105 <GENUS name="Pseudolagosuchus" type="with">
15107 false <NOMEN name="Lagosuchus"/>
15109 <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
15110 <MASS value="2" q="1"/>
15111 <TIME value="Ladinian"/>
15112 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
15113 <REMAINS content="pubes, femur, tibia, vertebrae, etc."/>
15114 <SPECIES name="major">
15115 <AUTHOR name="Arcucci" year="1987"/>
15122 <GENUS name="Psittacosaurus" type="with">
15126 <LENGTH value="0.8"/>
15127 <LENGTH value="2"/>
15129 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
15130 <TIME value="Albian"/>
15131 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
15132 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1923"/>
15133 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
15134 <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
15135 <REMAINS content="remains from over 85 individuals"/>
15140 <SPECIES name="chaoyangi" status="nudum">
15141 <AUTHOR name="Wang" year="1983"/>
15142 <SYNONYM name="Chaoyangsaurus youngi"/>
15144 from Chaoyang <LOW>County</LOW>
15147 <SPECIES name="guyangensis">
15148 <AUTHOR name="Zheng" year="1983"/>
15149 <SYNONYM name="mongoliensis"/>
15151 <SPECIES name="mazongshanensis">
15152 <AUTHOR name="Xu" year="1997"/>
15153 <PLACE name="China"/>
15154 <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae, forelimb, gastrolith impressions"/>
15156 <SPECIES name="meileyingensis">
15157 <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Zhao, Zheng, Rao" year="1988"/>
15158 <TIME section="late" value="Aptian"/>
15159 <PLACE name="China"/>
15160 <REMAINS content="4 specimens (2 with complete skulls)"/>
15162 <SPECIES name="neimongoliensis">
15163 <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell, Zhao" year="1996"/>
15164 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
15166 <SPECIES name="ordosensis">
15167 <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell, Zhao" year="1996"/>
15168 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
15170 <SPECIES name="osborni">
15171 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1931"/>
15172 <SYNONYM name="mongoliensis"/>
15174 <LOW>Henry F.</LOW> Osborn's
15177 <SPECIES name="protiguandonensis">
15178 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1958"/>
15179 <SYNONYM name="mongoliensis"/>
15181 from before <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>
15184 <SPECIES name="sattayaraki">
15185 <AUTHOR name="Buffetaut, Suteethorn" year="1992"/>
15186 <PLACE name="Thailand"/>
15187 <REMAINS content="dentary, maxilla fragment"/>
15189 <SPECIES name="sinensis">
15190 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1958"/>
15191 <PLACE name="China"/>
15192 <REMAINS content="material from over 20 individuals"/>
15197 <SPECIES name="tingi">
15198 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1931"/>
15199 <SYNONYM name="osborni"/>
15201 <SPECIES name="xinjiangensis">
15202 <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Zhao" year="1988"/>
15203 <PLACE name="China"/>
15204 <REMAINS content="material from over 10 individuals"/>
15206 <SPECIES name="youngi">
15207 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1962"/>
15208 <SYNONYM name="sinensis"/>
15211 <P> <NOMEN name="Psittacosaurus"/> was originally classified in <LINK content="Ornithopoda"/>,
15212 mainly due to its bipedal stance. One specimen was actually named
15213 <NOMEN name="Protiguanodon"/> ("before <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>", <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> being a typical
15214 ornithopod). But <NOMEN name="Psittacosaurus"/> was soon recognized as being closer
15215 to <LINK content="ceratopsids"/> than ornithopods. In fact, it represents a
15216 transitional phase from early, ornithopod-like <LINK content="ornithischians"/>
15217 to the large, mostly quadrupedal <LINK content="neoceratopsians"/>. </P>
15219 <P> This genus has more valid species than any other non-<LINK content="neornithean"/>
15220 <LINK content="dinosaur"/>. Some think it should be split into more genera,
15221 although there have been no formal proposals. </P>
15225 <GENUS name="Ptenodactylus">
15226 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
15227 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Gray" year="1845"/>
15228 <SYNONYM name="Ornithocheirus"/>
15234 <GENUS name="Ptenodracon">
15235 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1888"/>
15236 <SYNONYM name="Pterodactylus"/>
15242 <GENUS name="Pteranodon" type="with">
15243 <MEANING>wing without tooth</MEANING>
15244 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
15245 <TIME value="Campanian" section="early"/>
15246 <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
15247 <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
15248 <REMAINS content="dozens of specimens"/>
15249 <SPECIES name="longiceps">
15250 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1876"/>
15252 <SPECIES name="ingens" original="Pterodactylus">
15253 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
15254 <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="7"/>
15256 <SPECIES name="eatoni">
15257 <MEANING>Eaton's</MEANING>
15258 <AUTHOR name="Miller" year="1972"/>
15260 <SPECIES name="marshi">
15261 <MEANING><LOW>Othniel Charles</LOW> Marsh's</MEANING>
15262 <AUTHOR name="Miller" year="1972"/>
15264 <SPECIES name="occidentalis" status="dubium" original="Pterodactylus">
15265 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
15266 <MEANING>western</MEANING>
15268 <SPECIES name="oregonensis">
15269 <MEANING>from Oregon</MEANING>
15270 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1928"/>
15271 <PLACE name="Oregon"/>
15272 <TIME value="Albian"/>
15274 <SPECIES name="sp." q="1">
15275 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
15276 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
15277 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
15278 <AUTHOR name="Ikuwo, Hasegawa, Otsuka" year="1972"/>
15280 <SPECIES name="sternbergi" original="Pterodactylus">
15281 <AUTHOR name="Miller" year="1972"/>
15282 <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="9.2"/>
15284 <LOW>George</LOW> Sternberg's
15287 <SPECIES name="walkeri">
15288 <MEANING>Walker's</MEANING>
15289 <AUTHOR name="Miller" year="1972"/>
15292 <P> One of the most popular <LINK content="pterosaurs"/>,
15293 <NOMEN name="Pteranodon"/> had no teeth, barely any tail, and a large crest
15294 on its head. The long crest of <NOMEN name="P. longiceps"/>
15295 and <NOMEN name="P. ingens"/> stuck out behind,
15296 while <NOMEN name="P. sternbergi"/>'s crest was more vertical. </P>
15298 <P> The name <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Longicepia"/> Miller, 1972 was
15299 proposed as a subgenus name for <NOMEN name="P. longiceps"/>,
15300 but since this is the type species, the subgeneric name is, by default,
15301 <NOMEN name="Pteranodon"/>. <NOMEN name="Geosternbergia"/>
15302 is the subgeneric name for <NOMEN name="P. sternbergi"/>
15303 (<NOMEN nolink="1" name="Sternbergia"/> was
15304 preoccupied). It is sometimes used as a separate
15305 genus name. <NOMEN name="Occidentalia"/> has been proposed as
15306 the subgeneric name for the dubious species
15307 <NOMEN name="P. occidentalis"/>. Thus, these species are fully rendered as
15308 <B><I>P. (P.) longiceps</I></B>,
15309 <B><I>P. (Geosternbergia) sternbergi</I></B>, and
15310 <I><B>P.</B> (Occidentalia) occidentalis</I>.
15315 <GENUS name="Pterodactylus">
15316 <MISSPELLED name="Ptero-dactyle"/>
15317 <AUTHOR name="Cuvier" year="1809"/>
15318 <AUTHOR type="emended" name="Rafinesque" year="1815"/>
15322 <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="1"/>
15323 <SPECIES name="antiquus" original="Ornithocephalus">
15324 <AUTHOR name="Soemmering" year="1812"/>
15325 <MEANING>antique</MEANING>
15326 <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
15327 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
15329 <SPECIES name="arningi">
15331 <SPECIES name="cerinensis">
15332 <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1973"/>
15333 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
15334 <PLACE name="France"/>
15336 <SPECIES name="crassipes" status="oblitum">
15337 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1857"/>
15338 <SYNONYM name="Archaeopteryx lithographica"/>
15340 <SPECIES name="crassirostris">
15341 <SYNONYM name="Scaphognathus crassirostris" status="objective"/>
15343 <SPECIES name="cristatus">
15344 <SYNONYM name="Germanodactylus cristatus" status="objective"/>
15346 <SPECIES name="elegans">
15347 <SYNONYM name="Ctenochasma gracilis"/>
15348 <MEANING>elegant</MEANING>
15350 <SPECIES name="gracile">
15351 <SYNONYM name="Ctenochasma gracilis" status="objective"/>
15353 <SPECIES name="grandipelvis">
15354 <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1970"/>
15355 <MEANING><LOW>with a</LOW> grand pelvis <LOW>(hip)</LOW></MEANING>
15356 <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
15357 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
15359 <SPECIES name="grandis">
15360 <MEANING>grand</MEANING>
15362 <SPECIES name="kochi">
15364 <SPECIES name="longicollum">
15365 <SYNONYM name="Diopocephalus longicollum" status="objective"/>
15367 <SPECIES name="manseli">
15369 <SPECIES name="maximus">
15370 <MEANING>greatest</MEANING>
15371 <AUTHOR name="Reck" year="1931"/>
15373 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
15375 <SPECIES name="micronyx">
15376 <MEANING>small-clawed</MEANING>
15378 <SPECIES name="montanus">
15379 <SYNONYM name="Dermodactylus montanus" status="objective"/>
15381 <SPECIES name="pleydelli">
15382 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1865"/>
15383 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
15384 <PLACE name="England"/>
15386 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
15387 <SYNONYM name="Pteranodon sternbergi" status="objective"/>
15389 <SPECIES name="suevicus">
15390 <SYNONYM name="Cycnorhamphus suevicus" status="objective"/>
15392 <SPECIES name="suprajurensis">
15393 <PLACE name="France"/>
15394 <AUTHOR name="Goldfuss" year="1831"/>
15397 <P> The genus was initially named as <I>Ptero-dactyle</I> by Cuvier in 1809
15398 with no type species (which was permissible back then). The creature named
15399 <NOMEN name="Ornithocephalus antiquus"/> by Soemmering in 1812 was recognized by
15400 Lydekker to be the same as Cuvier's <I>Ptero-dactyle</I>, so he
15401 transferred <NOMEN name="O. antiquus"/> to the older genus <I>Ptero-dactyle</I>.
15402 Rafinesque later emended the spelling of <I>Ptero-dactyle</I> to
15403 <NOMEN name="Pterodactylus"/> in 1815.
15408 <GENUS name="Pterodaustro" type="with">
15410 wing <LOW>of the</LOW> south
15412 <LENGTH value="1.3"/>
15413 <TIME value="EK" section="early"/>
15414 <SPECIES name="guinzaui">
15415 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
15416 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1969"/>
15418 <SPECIES name="sp." q="1">
15419 <PLACE name="Chile"/>
15420 <AUTHOR name="Chong" year="1976"/>
15422 <SPECIES name="sp." q="1">
15423 <PLACE name="France"/>
15426 <P> This filter-feeding <LINK content="pterosaur"/> used its smaller upper teeth to comb out its lower teeth.
15427 The lower teeth fit outside the upper teeth. </P>
15429 <P> <NOMEN name="Pterodaustro"/> had tiny fingers (except for the wing finger)
15430 and very large feet for a pterosaur.
15435 <GENUS name="Pteropelyx" type="with">
15436 <MISSPELLED name="Pteroplax"/>
15441 <REMAINS content="postcranium"/>
15442 <SPECIES name="grallipes" status="dubium">
15443 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1889"/>
15445 <SPECIES name="altidens">
15446 <SYNONYM name="Trachodon altidens" status="objective"/>
15448 <SPECIES name="marginatus">
15449 <SYNONYM name="Kritosaurus marginatus" status="objective"/>
15451 <SPECIES name="selwyni">
15452 <SYNONYM name="Trachodon selwyni" status="objective"/>
15456 <GENUS name="Pterospondylus" type="with">
15460 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
15461 <TIME value="LTr"/>
15462 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
15463 <REMAINS content="vertebra"/>
15464 <SPECIES name="trielbae" status="dubium">
15465 <AUTHOR name="Jaekel" year="1914"/>
15469 <GENUS name="Puntanipterus" type="with">
15470 <SPECIES name="globosus">
15471 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Sanchez" year="1974"/>
15477 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
15480 <GENUS name="Pyroraptor" type="with">
15481 <MEANING><LOW>forest</LOW> fire raider</MEANING>
15482 <SPECIES name="olympius">
15483 <MEANING><LOW>from the base of Mt.</LOW> Olympe <LOW>(Provence)</LOW></MEANING>
15484 <AUTHOR name="Allain, Taquet" year="2000"/>
15486 <PLACE name="France"/>
15487 <TIME value="Campanian" section="late"/>
15488 <TIME value="Maastrichtian" section="early"/>
15489 <REMAINS content="ungual phalanx, pedal & other limb bones, 2 vertebrae, teeth"/>
15491 <P>Named for the fact that it was found after a forest fire.</P>
15492 <P>May be the same as <NOMEN name="Variraptor"/>.</P>
15496 <GENUS name="Qantassaurus" type="with">
15497 <MEANING>QANTAS <LOW>(airline)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
15499 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
15500 <SPECIES name="intrepidus">
15501 <MEANING>intrepid</MEANING>
15502 <AUTHOR name="Rich, Vickers-Rich" year="1999"/>
15504 <REMAINS type="holo" content="dentary & tooth"/>
15505 <REMAINS content="dentary with teeth"/>
15508 <GENUS name="Qinlingosaurus" type="with">
15510 <PLACE name="China"/>
15511 <SPECIES name="luonanensis">
15512 <AUTHOR name="Xue, Zhang, Bi" year="1996"/>
15516 <GENUS name="Quaesitosaurus" type="with">
15517 <MISSPELLED name="Qaesitosaurus"/>
15518 <MISSPELLED name="Questiosaurus"/>
15519 <MISSPELLED name="Questosaurus"/>
15521 extraordinary lizard
15523 <LENGTH value="23" q="1"/>
15524 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
15525 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
15526 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
15527 <REMAINS content="partial skull"/>
15528 <SPECIES name="orientalis">
15529 <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov, Bannikov" year="1983"/>
15535 <P> Like its close relative <NOMEN name="Nemegtosaurus"/>, <NOMEN name="Quaesitosaurus"/> is only
15536 known from skull material. May be the same as <NOMEN name="Nemegtosaurus"/>.
15541 <GENUS name="Quetzalcoatlus" type="with">
15543 Quetzalcoatl <LOW>(feathered serpent god of the Aztecs)</LOW>
15545 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
15546 <SPECIES name="northropi">
15547 <AUTHOR name="Lawson" year="1975"/>
15548 <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="11"/>
15549 <MASS value="200" q="1"/>
15550 <MASS value="220" q="1"/>
15551 <PLACE name="Texas"/>
15552 <REMAINS content="forelimb bones"/>
15554 <SPECIES name="sp.">
15555 <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="5.5"/>
15556 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
15557 <AUTHOR name="Currie, Russell" year="1982"/>
15558 <REMAINS content="incomplete skeletons"/>
15562 <GENUS name="Rachitrema">
15563 <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1882"/>
15564 <PROPERTAXON name="Ichthyopterygia"/>
15567 <GENUS name="Rahona" type="with">
15568 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Griveaud" year="1975"/>
15572 <SPECIES name="ostromi">
15573 <SYNONYM name="Rahonavis ostromi" status="objective"/>
15577 <GENUS name="Rahonavis">
15578 <AUTHOR name="Forster, Sampson, Chiappe, Krause" year="1998"/>
15583 <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
15584 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, scapula, partial pelvis, partial limbs"/>
15585 <SPECIES name="ostromi" original="Rahona">
15586 <AUTHOR name="Forster, Sampson, Chiappe, Krause" year="1998"/>
15588 <LOW>John</LOW> Ostrom's
15592 <P> This raven-sized creature appears to be somewhere between
15593 <LINK content="dromaeosaurids"/> and <LINK content="birds"/>. It had a "sickle claw",
15594 like dromaeosaurids, and feathered wings, like birds (feather
15595 impressions were not preserved, but anchor points are evident along the
15596 wing's bones, as in many <LINK content="modern birds"/>).
15601 <GENUS name="Rapator" type="with">
15605 <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
15606 <LENGTH value="9" q="1"/>
15607 <MASS value="1000" q="1"/>
15608 <TIME value="Albian"/>
15609 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
15610 <REMAINS content="metacarpal"/>
15611 <REMAINS content="other bones" q="1"/>
15612 <SPECIES name="ornitholestoides" status="dubiumQ">
15613 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
15615 <NOMEN name="Ornitholestes"/>-formed
15619 <P> Has been suggested as an <LINK content="ornitholestid"/>, a <LINK content="carnosaur"/>,
15620 or an <LINK content="abelisaur"/>.
15625 <GENUS name="Rayososaurus" type="with">
15627 Rayoso <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
15629 <TIME value="Albian"/>
15630 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
15631 <REMAINS content="partial scapula, partial fibula, femur, fragments"/>
15632 <SPECIES name="agrionensis" status="dubiumQ">
15633 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1995"/>
15635 <SPECIES name="tessonei">
15636 <SYNONYM name="Limaysaurus tessonei" status="objective"/>
15639 <P>May be a species of <NOMEN name="Rebbachisaurus"/>.<P>
15643 <GENUS name="Rebbachisaurus" type="with">
15645 <LOW>Ait</LOW> Rebbach lizard
15647 <TIME value="Albian"/>
15648 <TIME section="early" value="Cenomanian"/>
15649 <SPECIES name="garasbae">
15650 <AUTHOR name="Lavocat" year="1954"/>
15651 <LENGTH value="20"/>
15652 <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
15654 <SPECIES name="tasmenensis" status="dubium">
15655 <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent" year="1960"/>
15656 <PROPERTAXON name="Eusauropoda" incertae="1"/>
15657 <PLACE name="Algeria, Niger, Tunisia"/>
15658 <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
15659 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
15661 <SPECIES name="tessonei">
15662 <SYNONYM name="Limaysaurus tessonei" status="objective"/>
15665 <P> This animal sported a large sail on its back, like the <LINK content="theropod"/>
15666 <NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/> and the <LINK content="ornithopod"/> <NOMEN name="Ouranosaurus"/>. Its tallest
15667 spines reached a height of about 4½ feet (1.5m). </P>
15669 <P><NOMEN name="Rebbachisaurus tasmenensis"/> was not a <LINK content="diplodocimorph"/>
15670 at all. No holotype specimen was ever designated for it, and some thing
15671 referred to it may belong to <NOMEN name="Jobaria"/>. </P>
15675 <GENUS name="Regnosaurus" type="with">
15677 Regni <LOW>(ancient English tribe)</LOW> lizard
15679 <LENGTH value="4"/>
15680 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
15681 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
15682 <PLACE name="England"/>
15683 <REMAINS content="partial dentary and pubis, rib, tail spines, scute"/>
15684 <SPECIES name="northamptoni" status="dubiumQ">
15685 <AUTHOR name="Mantell" year="1848"/>
15688 <P> May be a <LINK content="huayangosaurid"/> and/or the same as <NOMEN name="Craterosaurus"/>.
15693 <GENUS name="Revueltosaurus" type="with">
15695 Revuelto <LOW>Creek</LOW> lizard
15697 <TIME section="late" value="Carnian" q="1"/>
15698 <TIME value="Norian"/>
15699 <PLACE name="New Mexico, Arizona"/>
15700 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
15701 <SPECIES name="callenderi" status="dubiumQ">
15702 <AUTHOR name="Hunt" year="1989"/>
15706 <GENUS name="Rhabdodon" type="with">
15707 <MISSPELLED name="Rabdodon"/>
15711 <LENGTH value="4.5"/>
15712 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
15713 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
15714 <REMAINS content="complete skeleton, teeth, skeletal material"/>
15715 <SPECIES name="priscus">
15716 <AUTHOR name="Matheron" year="1869"/>
15717 <PLACE name="Austria, France, Romania, Spain"/>
15719 <SPECIES name="inkeyi">
15720 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1899"/>
15721 <SYNONYM name="priscus"/>
15723 <SPECIES name="robustus">
15724 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1900"/>
15725 <SYNONYM name="priscus"/>
15726 <MEANING>robust</MEANING>
15728 <SPECIES name="septimanicus">
15729 <AUTHOR name="Buffetaut, Le Loeuff" year="1991"/>
15730 <PLACE name="France"/>
15734 <GENUS name="Rhadinosaurus" type="with">
15735 <REMAINS content="fragments"/>
15736 <REMAINS content="2 humeri, 2 vertebrae" q="1"/>
15737 <SPECIES name="alcinus" status="dubium">
15738 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
15741 <P> May be a <LINK content="crocodylomorph"/>.
15746 <GENUS name="Rhamphinion" type="with">
15747 <SPECIES name="jenkinsi">
15748 <AUTHOR name="Padian" year="1984"/>
15751 <LINK content="rhamphorhynchid"/>/beak nape-of-the-neck
15754 <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
15757 <GENUS name="Rhamphocephalus">
15759 <LINK content="rhamphorhynchid"/>/beak head
15761 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
15762 <PLACE name="England"/>
15763 <REMAINS content="fragments"/>
15764 <SPECIES name="bucklandi">
15765 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1832"/>
15767 <SPECIES name="depressirostris">
15768 <MEANING><LOW>with a</LOW> depressed snout</MEANING>
15769 <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1859"/>
15771 <SPECIES name="prestwichi">
15772 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1880"/>
15776 <GENUS name="Rhamphorhynchus" type="with">
15780 <LENGTH value="1.7"/>
15781 <SPECIES name="intermedius">
15782 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1847"/>
15784 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
15789 <SPECIES name="crassipes">
15790 <SYNONYM name="Pterodactylus crassipes" status="objective"/>
15792 <SPECIES name="gemmingi">
15794 <SPECIES name="jessoni" q="1">
15795 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1890"/>
15796 <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
15797 <PLACE name="England"/>
15799 <SPECIES name="longicaudus">
15800 <MEANING>long-tailed</MEANING>
15802 <SPECIES name="longiceps">
15807 <SPECIES name="muensteri">
15809 <SPECIES name="sp.">
15810 <TIME value="Callovian" section="late"/>
15811 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian" section="early"/>
15812 <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
15813 <AUTHOR name="Thulborn" year="1973"/>
15815 <SPECIES name="tendagurensis">
15816 <AUTHOR name="Reck" year="1931"/>
15818 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
15819 <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Tendaguru <LOW>Formation</LOW></MEANING>
15823 <GENUS name="Rhodanosaurus" type="with">
15825 Rhône <LOW>River</LOW> lizard
15827 <SPECIES name="ludgunensis">
15828 <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus ludgunensis" status="objective"/>
15832 <GENUS name="Rhoetosaurus" type="with">
15833 <MISSPELLED name="Rhaetosaurus"/>
15834 <MISSPELLED name="Rheteosaurus"/>
15836 Rhoetos' <LOW>(mythological Greek giant)</LOW> lizard
15838 <LENGTH value="12"/>
15839 <MASS value="20000"/>
15840 <TIME value="Aalenian" q="1"/>
15841 <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
15842 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
15843 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, hindlimb elements, pelvic fragments"/>
15844 <SPECIES name="brownei">
15845 <AUTHOR name="Longman" year="1925"/>
15849 <GENUS name="Rhopalodon" type="with">
15850 <SPECIES name="wangenheimi">
15851 <AUTHOR name="Fischer de Waldheim"/>
15852 <PROPERTAXON name="Dinocephalia"/>
15856 <GENUS name="Ricardoestesia" type="with">
15857 <MISSPELLED name="Richardoestesia"/>
15859 Richard Estes' <LOW>one</LOW>
15861 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
15862 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
15863 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
15864 <PLACE name="Alberta, Saskatchewan, Montana"/>
15865 <PLACE name="Wyoming" q="1"/>
15866 <REMAINS content="dentaries, teeth"/>
15867 <SPECIES name="gilmorei">
15868 <AUTHOR name="Currie, Rigby, Sloan" year="1990"/>
15871 <P> May be a <LINK content="caenagnathid"/>.
15876 <GENUS name="Rileya" type="with">
15877 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Howard" year="1888"/>
15879 Riley's <LOW>one</LOW>
15881 <SPECIES name="bristolensis">
15882 <SYNONYM name="Rileyasuchus bristolensis" status="objective"/>
15886 <GENUS name="Rileyasuchus">
15887 <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1961"/>
15891 <TIME value="LTr"/>
15892 <SPECIES name="bristolensis" original="Rileya">
15893 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1902"/>
15900 <GENUS name="Rinchenia" status="nudum">
15901 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1997"/>
15903 Rinchen <LOW>'s one</LOW>
15905 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
15906 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
15907 <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
15908 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" original="Oviraptor">
15909 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1986"/>
15910 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Barsbold" year="1997"/>
15916 <P> May belong to <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/>, as originally assigned. Had a more upright crest
15917 than that of <NOMEN name="Oviraptor philoceratops"/>.
15919 <P>This genus is named for the father of its namer. </P>
15923 <GENUS name="Rioarribasaurus" type="with">
15925 Rio Arriba <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
15927 <SPECIES name="colberti" status="oblitum">
15928 <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1991"/>
15929 <SYNONYM name="Coelophysis bauri"/>
15931 <LOW>Edwin H.</LOW> Colbert's
15934 <SPECIES name="bauri">
15935 <SYNONYM name="Coelophysis bauri" status="objective"/>
15939 <GENUS name="Riojasaurus" type="with">
15941 <LOW>La</LOW> Rioja <LOW>Province</LOW> lizard
15943 <LENGTH value="6"/>
15944 <LENGTH value="11"/>
15945 <TIME value="Norian"/>
15946 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
15947 <REMAINS content="20 skeletons (some complete, some juvenile), skull"/>
15948 <SPECIES name="incertus">
15949 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1969"/>
15956 <GENUS name="Riojasuchus" type="with">
15958 <LOW>La</LOW> Rioja <LOW>County</LOW> crocodile
15960 <SPECIES name="tenuisceps">
15961 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1969"/>
15962 <PROPERTAXON name="Ornithosuchidae"/>
15966 <GENUS name="Roccosaurus" type="with">
15970 <SPECIES name="tetrasacralis" status="nudum">
15971 <AUTHOR name="van Heerden"/>
15972 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Anderson, Cruikshank" year="1978"/>
15973 <SYNONYM name="Melanorosaurus readi"/>
15975 <LOW>with</LOW> four sacral <LOW>(hip) vertebrae</LOW>
15980 <GENUS name="Saichania" type="with">
15982 beautiful <LOW>one</LOW>
15984 <LENGTH value="7"/>
15985 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
15986 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
15987 <REMAINS content="3 specimens (2 with complete skulls)"/>
15988 <SPECIES name="chulsanensis">
15989 <AUTHOR name="Maryañska" year="1977"/>
15996 <GENUS name="Saltasaurus" type="with">
15997 <MEANING>Salta <LOW>Province</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
15998 <LENGTH value="12"/>
15999 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
16000 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
16001 <PLACE name="Argentina, Uruguay"/>
16002 <REMAINS content="several partial skeletons, vertebrae, limb elements, jaws, armor"/>
16003 <SPECIES name="loricatus">
16004 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, J. E. Powell" year="1980"/>
16006 <SPECIES name="australis">
16007 <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus australis" status="objective"/>
16009 <SPECIES name="robustus">
16010 <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus robustus" status="objective"/>
16014 <GENUS name="Saltoposuchus">
16015 <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauria" incertae="1"/>
16016 <MEANING>quick foot crocodile</MEANING>
16019 <GENUS name="Saltopus" type="with">
16020 <MEANING>quick foot</MEANING>
16021 <SPECIES name="elginensis">
16022 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1910"/>
16023 <PROPERTAXON name="Ornithosuchia" incertae="1"/>
16027 <GENUS name="Sanchusaurus" status="nudum">
16028 <AUTHOR name="Hisa" year="1985"/>
16029 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
16030 <SPECIES name="sp.">
16032 <REMAINS content="partial caudal vertebra"/>
16034 Referred by some to <NOMEN name="Gallimimus sp."/>.
16038 <GENUS name="Sanghonghesaurus" status="nudum">
16039 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
16040 <SYNONYM name="Tianchisaurus"/>
16044 <PLACE name="China"/>
16047 <GENUS name="Sanpasaurus" type="with">
16051 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
16052 <PLACE name="China"/>
16053 <REMAINS content="postcranial elements"/>
16054 <SPECIES name="yaoi" status="dubium">
16055 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1944"/>
16057 <SPECIES name="imperfectus" status="dubium">
16058 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1944"/>
16064 <P> Some bones assigned to this genus are in fact <LINK content="sauropodan"/>.
16069 <GENUS name="Santanadactylus" type="with">
16071 Santana <LOW>Formation</LOW> finger
16073 <LENGTH value="3"/>
16074 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
16075 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
16076 <REMAINS content="several specimens"/>
16077 <SPECIES name="araripensis">
16078 <AUTHOR name="Buisonje" year="1980"/>
16080 from <LOW>the</LOW> Araripe <LOW>Plateau</LOW>
16083 <SPECIES name="brasilensis">
16084 <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer, Buffetaut, Gigase" year="1983"/>
16085 <MEANING>Brazilian</MEANING>
16087 <SPECIES name="spixi">
16088 <AUTHOR name="Bennett" year="1989"/>
16090 <SPECIES name="pricei">
16091 <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer, Buffetaut, Gigase" year="1983"/>
16095 <GENUS name="Santanaraptor" type="with">
16096 <MEANING>Santana <LOW>Formation</LOW> raider</MEANING>
16097 <SPECIES name="placidus">
16098 <AUTHOR name="Kellner" year="1999"/>
16100 <REMAINS museum="MN" id="4802-V" content="partial postcranium with soft tissue impressions"/>
16101 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
16102 <TIME value="Albian"/>
16105 <GENUS name="Sarcolestes" type="with">
16109 <LENGTH value="3"/>
16110 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
16111 <PLACE name="England"/>
16112 <REMAINS content="partial mandible"/>
16113 <SPECIES name="leedsi">
16114 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1893"/>
16118 <GENUS name="Sarcosaurus" type="with">
16120 flesh<LOW>-eating</LOW> lizard
16122 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
16123 <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
16124 <PLACE name="England"/>
16125 <REMAINS content="partial pelvis, femur, vertebrae"/>
16126 <SPECIES name="woodi">
16127 <AUTHOR name="Andrews" year="1921"/>
16129 <SPECIES name="andrewsi">
16130 <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus andrewsi" status="objective"/>
16134 <GENUS name="Saturnalia" type="with">
16135 <MEANING>Saturnalia <LOW>(Roman winter solstice festival)</LOW></MEANING>
16136 <SPECIES name="tupiniquim">
16137 <AUTHOR name="Langer, Abdala, Richter, Benton" year="1999"/>
16138 <MEANING>native</MEANING>
16140 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
16141 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
16142 <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
16143 <REMAINS content="semi-articulated skeleton including most of presacral vertebral series, pectoral girdle, right humerus, partial right ulna, pelvic girdle with sacral series, left femur, most of left hindlimb" type="holo"/>
16144 <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons including impression of mandibular ramus with teeth & postcranial elements" type="para"/>
16147 <GENUS name="Sauraechinodon" status="nudum">
16148 <MISSPELLED name="Saurechinodon"/>
16149 <MISSPELLED name="Sauraechmodon"/>
16150 <AUTHOR name="Falconer" year="1861"/>
16151 <SYNONYM name="Echinodon"/>
16153 lizard prickly tooth
16157 <GENUS name="Saurolophus" type="with">
16161 <LENGTH value="9"/>
16162 <LENGTH value="12"/>
16163 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
16164 <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
16165 <SPECIES name="osborni">
16166 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1912"/>
16167 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
16169 <LOW>Henry F.</LOW> Osborn's
16172 <SPECIES name="angustirostris" q="1">
16173 <AUTHOR name="Rozhdestvensky" year="1952"/>
16174 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
16176 <SPECIES name="krischtofovici" status="dubium" q="1">
16177 <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1930"/>
16179 <SPECIES name="maximus">
16180 <SYNONYM name="Prosaurolophus maximus" status="objective"/>
16184 <GENUS name="Sauropelta" type="with">
16188 <LENGTH value="7"/>
16189 <LENGTH value="8"/>
16190 <MASS value="3200"/>
16191 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
16192 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
16193 <PLACE name="Wyoming, Montana, Utah"/>
16194 <REMAINS content="partial specimens (1 with skull), postcranial elements"/>
16195 <SPECIES name="edwardsorum">
16196 <AUTHOR name="Ostrom" year="1970"/>
16200 <GENUS name="Saurophaganax" type="with">
16202 lizard-eater master
16204 <LENGTH value="14" q="1"/>
16205 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
16206 <PLACE name="Oklahoma"/>
16207 <REMAINS content="dorsal neural arch"/>
16208 <SPECIES name="maximus">
16209 <AUTHOR name="Chure" year="1995"/>
16215 <P> This gigantic <LINK content="carnosaur"/> may be a huge, late species of
16216 <NOMEN name="Allosaurus"/>.
16221 <GENUS name="Saurophagus" type="with">
16222 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Swainson" year="1831"/>
16226 <SPECIES name="maximus">
16227 <AUTHOR name="Stovall"/>
16228 <AUTHOR name="Ray" year="1941"/>
16229 <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus amplexus"/>
16236 <GENUS name="Sauroplites" type="with">
16238 lizard hoplite <LOW>(ancient Greek infantry soldier)</LOW>
16240 <LENGTH value="6" q="1"/>
16242 <PLACE name="China"/>
16243 <REMAINS content="ilium, ribs, armor"/>
16244 <SPECIES name="scutiger" status="dubium">
16245 <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
16249 <GENUS name="Sauroposeidon" type="with">
16250 <MEANING>lizard Poseidon <LOW>(Greek god of, among other things, earthquakes)</LOW></MEANING>
16251 <SPECIES name="proteles" status="nudum">
16252 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Franklin" year="1999"/>
16253 <AUTHOR name="Wedel, Cifelli"/>
16255 <PLACE name="Oklahoma"/>
16256 <TIME value="Albian"/>
16257 <LENGTH value="30" q="1"/>
16258 <REMAINS content="rib, cervical vertebrae"/>
16260 <P> This new <NOMEN name="Brachiosaurus"/>-like <LINK content="dinosaur"/>
16261 was perhaps the tallest. With its head raised, it stood 60 feet (nearly
16266 <GENUS name="Saurornithoides" type="with">
16270 <LENGTH value="2"/>
16271 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
16274 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian" q="1"/>
16275 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
16276 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
16277 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
16278 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
16279 <REMAINS content="skull with fragmentary postcranium"/>
16284 <SPECIES name="asiamericanus" status="dubium" original="Troodon">
16285 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1985"/>
16286 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
16287 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
16292 <SPECIES name="inequalis">
16293 <SYNONYM name="Stenonychosaurus inequalis" status="objective"/>
16295 <SPECIES name="isfarensis" status="dubium" original="Troodon">
16296 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
16297 <PLACE name="Tadzhikistan"/>
16298 <REMAINS content="partial frontal"/>
16300 <SPECIES name="junior">
16301 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1974"/>
16302 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
16303 <REMAINS content="skull with fragmentary postcranium"/>
16310 <GENUS name="Saurornithoides2" type="with">
16311 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
16315 <SPECIES name="sauvagei">
16316 <SYNONYM name="Caudocoelus sauvagei" status="objective"/>
16320 <GENUS name="Saurornitholestes" type="with">
16324 <LENGTH value="2"/>
16326 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
16327 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
16328 <REMAINS content="fragments from 3 individuals"/>
16329 <SPECIES name="langstoni">
16330 <AUTHOR name="Sues" year="1978"/>
16334 <GENUS name="Sazavis" type="with">
16335 <SPECIES name="prisca">
16336 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1989"/>
16342 <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
16345 <GENUS name="Scaphognathus">
16346 <AUTHOR name="Wagner" year="1861"/>
16351 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
16352 <REMAINS content="two specimens"/>
16353 <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="1"/>
16354 <SPECIES name="crassirostris" original="Pterodactylus">
16356 <SPECIES name="crassipes">
16357 <SYNONYM name="Pterodactylus crassipes" status="objective"/>
16359 <SPECIES name="purdoni">
16360 <SYNONYM name="Parapsicephalus purdoni" status="objective"/>
16364 <GENUS name="Scaphonyx">
16365 <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1908"/>
16366 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
16367 <PLACE name="S. America"/>
16370 <GENUS name="Scelidosaurus" type="with">
16374 <LENGTH value="3"/>
16375 <LENGTH value="4"/>
16376 <MASS value="200"/>
16377 <MASS value="250"/>
16378 <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
16379 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
16380 <PLACE name="England, Arizona"/>
16381 <REMAINS content="2 skeletons (1 juvenile)"/>
16382 <SPECIES name="harrisonii">
16383 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1868"/>
16385 <SPECIES name="oehleri">
16386 <SYNONYM name="Tatisaurus oehleri" status="objective"/>
16389 <P> <NOMEN name="Scelidosaurus"/> was an early <LINK content="dinosaur"/> which marks a transitional
16390 stage between the small, bipedal <NOMEN name="Scutellosaurus"/> and the larger, heavily
16391 armored <LINK content="ankylosaurs"/>. Some consider it a primitive ankylosaur,
16392 but it also bears a strong resemblance to primitive
16393 <LINK content="stegosaurs"/>. It or something like it probably gave rise to both
16396 <P> <NOMEN name="Scelidosaurus"/> was most likely quadrupedal. There were interesting tricorns
16397 behind the ears. The back was studded with large, bony scutes.
16402 <GENUS name="Scipionyx" type="with">
16404 Scipio <LOW>Africanus and Scipione Breislak's</LOW> claw
16406 <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
16407 <LENGTH age="juvenile" value="0.6"/>
16408 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
16409 <PLACE name="Italy"/>
16410 <REMAINS content="juvenile skeleton missing parts of legs and tail, impressions of soft anatomy"/>
16411 <SPECIES name="samniticus">
16412 <AUTHOR name="dal Sasso, Signore" year="1998"/>
16415 <P> This extremely well-preserved <LINK content="theropod"/> shows traces of the
16416 intestines, windpipe, liver, and muscle fibers.
16418 Previously known as the "Benevento theropod".
16423 <GENUS name="Scleromochlus" type="with">
16424 <LENGTH value="0.2"/>
16425 <TIME value="Norian"/>
16426 <PLACE name="Scotland"/>
16427 <REMAINS content="imprints of skeletons (partial and complete)"/>
16428 <SPECIES name="taylori">
16429 <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1907"/>
16432 <P> This miniscule animal may be part of the lineage that led to flying
16433 <LINK content="pterosaurs"/>. It had long, thin legs which may have supported a
16439 <GENUS name="Scolosaurus" type="with">
16440 <MISSPELLED name="Scalosaurus"/>
16441 <SPECIES name="cutleri">
16442 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1928"/>
16443 <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus acutosquameus"/>
16447 <GENUS name="Scrotum" type="with">
16448 <MEANING>scrotum</MEANING>
16449 <SPECIES name="humanum" status="oblitum">
16450 <AUTHOR name="Brookes" year="1783"/>
16451 <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus bucklandii" status="q"/>
16452 <MEANING>human</MEANING>
16456 <GENUS name="Scutellosaurus" type="with">
16458 little shield lizard
16460 <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
16462 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
16463 <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
16464 <REMAINS content="2 fragmentary skeletons, scutes"/>
16465 <SPECIES name="lawleri">
16466 <AUTHOR name="Colbert" year="1981"/>
16469 <P> <NOMEN name="Scutellosaurus"/> was a small, semi-bipedal, long-tailed
16470 <LINK content="dinosaur"/> similar to <NOMEN name="Lesothosaurus"/>. In fact, it was often
16471 included with that genus in Fabrosauridae (=Lesothosauridae). But
16472 it seems instead to be an early form of <LINK content="thyreophoran"/>. The back
16473 was covered in small, bony scutes.
16478 <GENUS name="Secernosaurus" type="with">
16482 <LENGTH value="3"/>
16483 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
16484 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
16485 <REMAINS content="braincase, postcranial elements"/>
16486 <SPECIES name="koerneri">
16487 <AUTHOR name="Brett-Surman" year="1979"/>
16490 <P> One of the few <LINK content="hadrosaurids"/> from the Southern hemisphere.
16495 <GENUS name="Segisaurus" type="with">
16497 Segi <LOW>Canyon</LOW> lizard
16499 <LENGTH age="subadult" value="1" q="1"/>
16500 <MASS age="subadult" value="5" q="1"/>
16501 <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
16502 <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
16503 <REMAINS content="partial subadult postcranium"/>
16504 <SPECIES name="halli">
16505 <AUTHOR name="Camp" year="1936"/>
16509 <GENUS name="Segnosaurus" type="with">
16513 <LENGTH value="4"/>
16514 <LENGTH value="9"/>
16515 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
16516 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
16517 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
16518 <REMAINS museum="GI SPS" id="100/80" content="mandible, partial limbs, pelvic girdle, spine fragments" type="holo"/>
16519 <REMAINS museum="GI SPS" id="100/81" content="tibia, fibula"/>
16520 <REMAINS museum="GI SPS" id="100/82" content="partial hindlimb, rib fragments, ilia, fragmentary ischium, pubis"/>
16521 <SPECIES name="galbinensis">
16522 <AUTHOR name="Perle" year="1979"/>
16524 <SPECIES name="zheziangensis">
16525 <SYNONYM name="Chilantaisaurus zheziangensis" status="objective"/>
16529 <GENUS name="Seismosaurus" type="with">
16533 <LENGTH value="40" q="1"/>
16534 <LENGTH value="50" q="1"/>
16535 <MASS value="30000" q="1"/>
16536 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
16537 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
16538 <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
16539 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, partial pelvis, chevrons, ribs, other elements, gastroliths"/>
16540 <SPECIES name="hallorum">
16541 <AUTHOR name="Gillette" year="1991"/>
16544 <P> One of the hugest land animals of all time. May be a large <NOMEN
16545 name="Diplodocus"/>. </P>
16549 <GENUS name="Sellosaurus" type="with">
16553 <LENGTH value="6.5"/>
16554 <TIME section="middle" value="Norian"/>
16555 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
16556 <REMAINS content="21 partial skeletons (some juvenile; 3 with partial skulls), skeletal elements, gastroliths"/>
16557 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
16558 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
16563 <SPECIES name="fraasi">
16564 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
16565 <SYNONYM name="gracilis"/>
16567 <LOW>E.</LOW> Fraas'
16570 <SPECIES name="hermannianus">
16571 <SYNONYM name="Thecodontosaurus hermannianus" status="objective"/>
16575 <GENUS name="Shamosaurus" type="with">
16577 Shamo <LOW>(=Gobi Desert)</LOW> lizard
16579 <LENGTH value="7"/>
16580 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
16581 <TIME value="Albian"/>
16582 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
16583 <REMAINS content="3 specimens (including complete skull and armor)"/>
16584 <SPECIES name="scutatus">
16585 <AUTHOR name="Tumanova" year="1983"/>
16589 <GENUS name="Shanshanosaurus" type="with">
16591 Shanshan <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
16593 <LENGTH value="2"/>
16594 <LENGTH value="3"/>
16595 <MASS value="50" q="1"/>
16596 <MASS value="90" q="1"/>
16597 <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
16598 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
16599 <PLACE name="China"/>
16600 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
16601 <SPECIES name="huoyanshanensis">
16602 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1977"/>
16605 <P> Was once allied with <LINK content="dromaeosaurids"/>.
16610 <GENUS name="Shantungosaurus" type="with">
16614 <LENGTH value="12"/>
16615 <LENGTH value="15"/>
16616 <TIME section="early-middle" value="Maastrichtian"/>
16617 <PLACE name="China"/>
16618 <REMAINS content="5 skeletons, skeletal elements"/>
16619 <SPECIES name="giganteus">
16620 <AUTHOR name="Hu" year="1973"/>
16626 <P> Possibly the largest <LINK content="ornithopod"/>.
16631 <GENUS name="Shanxia" type="with">
16633 Shanxi <LOW>Province one</LOW>
16635 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
16636 <TIME value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
16637 <PLACE name="China"/>
16638 <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
16639 <SPECIES name="tianzhenensis">
16640 <AUTHOR name="Barrett, You, Upchurch, Burton" year="1998"/>
16644 <GENUS name="Shanyangosaurus" type="with">
16645 <PLACE name="China"/>
16646 <MEANING>Shanyang <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
16647 <SPECIES name="niupanggouensis">
16648 <PLACE name="China"/> <!--Shaanxi-->
16649 <REMAINS museum="NWUV" id="1111" content="partial sacrum, proximal scapula, humeri, femur, metatarsal IV (left and right), partial phalanx, pedal ungual"/>
16650 <LENGTH value="1.75" q="y"/>
16651 <LENGTH value="2.5" q="y"/>
16652 <TIME value="Maastrichtian" section="late"/>
16653 <AUTHOR name="Xue, Zhang, Bi" year="1996"/>
16654 <MEANING>from Niupanggou</MEANING>
16658 <GENUS name="Sharovipteryx">
16659 <AUTHOR name="Cowen" year="1981"/>
16663 <TIME value="LTr"/>
16664 <PLACE name="Kirghizia"/>
16665 <REMAINS content="skeleton with membrane impression"/>
16666 <SPECIES name="mirabilis" original="Podopteryx">
16667 <AUTHOR name="Sharov" year="1971"/>
16670 <P> This animal possessed a uropatagium, a flap of skin stretching between its
16671 long legs and its tail. It seems similar to <NOMEN name="Scleromochlus"/>.
16676 <GENUS name="Shunosaurus" type="with">
16680 <LENGTH value="9"/>
16681 <LENGTH value="14" q="1"/>
16682 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
16683 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
16684 <PLACE name="China"/>
16685 <REMAINS content="20 skeletons (including 5 skulls)"/>
16686 <SPECIES name="lii">
16687 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
16689 <SPECIES name="ziliujingensis" status="nudum">
16690 <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1986"/>
16693 <P> The only <LINK content="sauropod"/> known to have had a tail club.
16698 <GENUS name="Shuosaurus" status="nudum">
16699 <AUTHOR name="Chou" year="1979"/>
16700 <SYNONYM name="Shunosaurus"/>
16706 <GENUS name="Shuvosaurus" type="with">
16707 <SPECIES name="inexpectatus">
16708 <AUTHOR name="Chatterjee" year="1993"/>
16709 <PROPERTAXON name="Rauisuchia"/>
16710 <MEANING>unexpected</MEANING>
16714 <GENUS name="Shuvuuia" type="with">
16718 <LENGTH value="1"/>
16719 <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
16720 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
16721 <REMAINS content="2 skulls, postcranial material"/>
16722 <SPECIES name="deserti">
16723 <AUTHOR name="Chiappe, Norell, Clark" year="1998"/>
16726 <P> This is the only <LINK content="alvarezsaurid"/> for which the skull material is
16727 well-known. Its jaw shows definite <LINK content="avian"/> characteristics. </P>
16729 <P> This turkey-sized creature was quite similar to <NOMEN name="Mononykus"/>. Some bones
16730 previously assigned to <NOMEN name="Mononykus"/> have been reassigned to
16731 <NOMEN name="Shuvuuia"/>. </P>
16733 <P> Chemical analysis of <NOMEN name="Shuvuuia"/> seems to reveal that it had feathers, or at least
16734 feather-like structures. </P>
16738 <GENUS name="Siamosaurus" type="with">
16740 Siam <LOW>(=Thailand)</LOW> lizard
16743 <PLACE name="Thailand"/>
16744 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
16745 <SPECIES name="suteethorni">
16746 <AUTHOR name="Buffetaut, Ingavat" year="1986"/>
16750 <GENUS name="Siamotyrannus" type="with">
16752 Siam <LOW>(=Thailand)</LOW> tyrant
16754 <LENGTH value="6.5"/>
16755 <MASS value="1000" q="1"/>
16757 <PLACE name="Thailand"/>
16758 <REMAINS content="pelvis, tail"/>
16759 <SPECIES name="isanensis">
16760 <AUTHOR name="Buffetaut, Suteethorn, Tong" year="1996"/>
16763 <P> Proposed as an early <LINK content="tyrannosauroid"/>, but that may not be the
16768 <GENUS name="Sigilmassasaurus" type="with">
16772 <TIME value="Albian" q="1"/>
16773 <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
16774 <SPECIES name="brevicollis" status="dubium">
16775 <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell" year="1996"/>
16778 <P> Previously known as "<NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/> B". May belong to
16779 <NOMEN name="Carcharodontosaurus"/>. </P>
16783 <GENUS name="Siluosaurus" type="with">
16785 Silu <LOW>(Silk Road)</LOW> lizard
16787 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
16788 <TIME value="Albian"/>
16789 <PLACE name="China"/>
16790 <REMAINS content="2 teeth"/>
16791 <SPECIES name="zhangqiani">
16792 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1997"/>
16796 <GENUS name="Silvisaurus" type="with">
16800 <LENGTH value="4"/>
16801 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
16802 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
16803 <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
16804 <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
16805 <SPECIES name="condrayi">
16806 <AUTHOR name="Eaton" year="1960"/>
16810 <GENUS name="Sinocoelurus" type="with">
16812 Chinese <NOMEN name="Coelurus"/>
16814 <TIME value="J" q="1"/>
16815 <PLACE name="China"/>
16816 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
16817 <SPECIES name="fragilis" status="dubium">
16818 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1942"/>
16825 <GENUS name="Sinornis" type="with">
16829 <TIME section="late" value="Aptian"/>
16830 <PLACE name="China"/>
16831 <SPECIES name="santensis">
16832 <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Rao" year="1992"/>
16835 <P> Roughly <LINK content="sparrow"/>-size. Was capable of perching.
16840 <GENUS name="Sinornithoides" type="with">
16844 <LENGTH value="1.1"/>
16845 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
16846 <TIME value="Albian"/>
16847 <PLACE name="China"/>
16848 <REMAINS content="complete skeleton, partial foot, teeth"/>
16849 <SPECIES name="youngi">
16850 <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell, Dong" year="1994"/>
16854 <GENUS name="Sinornithosaurus" type="with">
16855 <MEANING>Chinese bird-lizard</MEANING>
16856 <SPECIES name="millenii">
16857 <MEANING>of the <LOW>second</LOW> millen<LOW>n</LOW>ium <LOW>[<I>sic</I>] C.E.</LOW></MEANING>
16858 <AUTHOR name="Xu, Wang, Wu" year="1999"/>
16860 <LENGTH value="1" age="subadultQ"/>
16861 <PLACE name="China"/>
16862 <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
16863 <REMAINS type="holo" museum="IVPP" id="V12811" content="nearly complete specimen with integument impressions" age="subadultQ"/>
16865 <P>The fifth non-<LINK content="avian"/> <LINK content="coelurosaur"/> with
16866 remains of feathers or feather-like integument to be published. Of the five
16867 known so far (all from the same Chinese locality),
16868 <NOMEN name="Sinornithosaurus"/> is the one most closely related to
16869 <LINK content="birds"/>. It has long been suspected that
16870 <LINK content="deinonychosaurs"/> (a.k.a. "'raptors") were
16871 feathered -- this animal is the first proof of that.</P>
16873 <P><NOMEN name="Sinornithosaurus millenii"/> has been diagnosed as a
16874 primitive, or basal, deinonychosaur. Its arms are
16875 proportionally very long -- 80% as long as the legs -- and its shoulder
16876 joint has features like those of flying birds. </P>
16878 <P>The authors of this species have interpreted it as evidence for a
16879 "Ground Up" model of flight evolution (see
16880 <LINK content="Avialae"/>). However, it may instead lend credence to the
16881 idea that deinonychosaurs, and perhaps other coelurosaurs, are secondarily
16882 flightless (like <LINK content="ratite"/> birds), since it has more flight
16883 characteristics than more advanced deinonychosaurs.</P>
16887 <GENUS name="Sinosauropteryx" type="with">
16889 Chinese lizard <LOW>with</LOW> feathers
16891 <LENGTH value="1.3"/>
16892 <LENGTH age="juvenile" value="0.7"/>
16893 <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
16894 <PLACE name="China"/>
16895 <REMAINS content="4 complete skeletons (one juvenile) with tissue impressions"/>
16896 <SPECIES name="prima">
16897 <AUTHOR name="Ji Q., Ji S." year="1996"/>
16898 <MEANING>first</MEANING>
16901 <P> <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> was one of the most exciting paleontological
16902 discoveries of this century. Skin impressions seem to show a coat of
16903 small, feather-like structures (although some dispute this). </P>
16905 <P> <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> is important for at
16906 least two reasons. First of all, it is a major piece of evidence in favor of
16907 the argument that <LINK content="birds"/> are descended from
16908 <LINK content="dinosaurs"/>. Secondly, depending on its exact phylogenetic
16909 position, it shows that at least some non-<LINK content="avian"/>
16910 <LINK content="coelurosaurs"/> were feathered.
16911 <LINK content="Deinonychosaurs"/>, <LINK content="oviraptorosaurs"/>, and
16912 <LINK content="therizinosaurs"/> are closer to
16913 birds than <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> is, and, indeed, after
16914 <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> was published, feathered
16915 animals from all three of these groups were found
16916 (<NOMEN name="Sinornithosaurus"/>, <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/>, and
16917 <NOMEN name="Beipiaosaurus"/>, respectively). It may also be that
16918 <LINK content="ornitholestids"/>, <LINK content="coelurids"/>,
16919 <LINK content="ornithomimosaurs"/>, <LINK content="troodontids"/>, and even
16920 <LINK content="tyrannosauroids"/> were closer to birds than
16921 <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> was, making them probably feathered
16922 (or secondarily featherless) as well. </P>
16924 <P> <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> had three fingers, suggesting that its
16925 close relative <NOMEN name="Compsognathus"/> (whose exact digit count has
16926 been debated) did too. </P>
16928 <P> Like <NOMEN name="Compsognathus"/>, one specimen of <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> was
16929 found with a lizard in its gut. Another had remains of a small mammal.
16930 One specimen had two tiny eggs (about 37mm × 26mm) inside it, but died
16931 before it could lay them. It had a dual oviduct system. </P>
16933 <P> <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> had more tail vertebrae (64) than any
16934 <LINK content="theropod"/>. </P>
16938 <GENUS name="Sinosaurus" type="with">
16942 <LENGTH value="2"/>
16943 <LENGTH value="3"/>
16944 <TIME value="LTr"/>
16946 <PLACE name="China"/>
16947 <REMAINS content="maxilla with teeth"/>
16948 <SPECIES name="triassicus" status="dubium">
16949 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1948"/>
16951 <LINK content="Triassic"/>
16956 <GENUS name="Sinraptor" type="with">
16960 <LENGTH value="7"/>
16961 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
16962 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
16963 <PLACE name="China"/>
16964 <SPECIES name="dongi">
16965 <AUTHOR name="Currie, Zhao" year="1994"/>
16967 Dong <LOW>Zhiming's</LOW>
16969 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
16971 <SPECIES name="hepingensis" original="Yangchuanosaurus">
16972 <AUTHOR name="Gao" year="1992"/>
16973 <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae, scapula, hip"/>
16977 <GENUS name="Siroccopteryx" type="with">
16978 <TIME value="Albian"/>
16979 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
16980 <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
16984 <REMAINS content="partial upper jaw"/>
16985 <SPECIES name="moroccensis">
16986 <AUTHOR name="Mader, Kellner" year="1999"/>
16993 <GENUS name="Smilodon" type="with">
16994 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Lund" year="1842"/>
16998 <SPECIES name="crenatus" status="dubium">
16999 <AUTHOR name="Plieninger" year="1846"/>
17000 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
17002 <SPECIES name="laevis">
17003 <SYNONYM name="Zanclodon laevis" status="objective"/>
17007 <GENUS name="Songlingornis" type="with">
17008 <MISSPELLED name="Sonlingornis"/>
17009 <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
17010 <TIME section="late" value="Aptian" q="1"/>
17011 <PLACE name="China"/>
17012 <MEANING>Songling <LOW>Mountains</LOW> bird</MEANING>
17013 <SPECIES name="linghensis">
17014 <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1996"/>
17015 <MEANING>from the Ling River</MEANING>
17017 <REMAINS content="incomplete skeleton (including skull parts)" museum="IVPP" id="V. 10913" type="holo"/>
17018 <ESSAY><P>About the size of a <LINK content="sparrow"/>.</P></ESSAY>
17021 <GENUS name="Sonorasaurus" type="with">
17025 <LENGTH value="14" q="1"/>
17026 <LENGTH value="17" q="1"/>
17027 <TIME value="Albian"/>
17028 <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
17029 <REMAINS content="skull, ribs, scapula, hip bones, limb elements, tail & back vertebrae, gastroliths, etc."/>
17030 <SPECIES name="thompsoni">
17031 <AUTHOR name="Ratkevich" year="1998"/>
17034 <P>Mistakenly assigned to <LINK content="Hadrosauridae"/>,
17035 <LINK content="Prosauropoda"/>, and <LINK content="Therizinosauroidea"/>
17036 before official publication.</P>
17040 <GENUS name="Sordes" type="with">
17044 <LENGTH value="0.6"/>
17046 <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
17047 <SPECIES name="pilosus">
17048 <AUTHOR name="Sharov" year="1971"/>
17055 <GENUS name="Soroavisaurus" type="with">
17056 <SPECIES name="australis">
17057 <MEANING>southern</MEANING>
17058 <AUTHOR name="Chiappe" year="1993"/>
17061 sister <LOW>to</LOW> <NOMEN name="Avisaurus"/>
17064 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
17067 <GENUS name="Sphenospondylus">
17068 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1882"/>
17072 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
17073 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon gracilis" status="objective"/>
17077 <GENUS name="Spinosaurus" type="with">
17081 <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
17082 <LENGTH value="17" q="1"/>
17083 <MASS value="4000" q="1"/>
17084 <MASS value="6000" q="1"/>
17085 <TIME value="Albian"/>
17086 <TIME value="Cenomanian" section="early"/>
17087 <PLACE name="Egypt, Morocco"/>
17088 <REMAINS content="fragmentary dentary, vertebrae, hindlimb elements, teeth (destroyed in World War II); neck vertebra, fragmentary dentaries, dorsal neural arch"/>
17089 <SPECIES name="aegyptiacus">
17090 <AUTHOR name="Stromer" year="1915"/>
17095 <SPECIES name="maroccanus" q="1">
17096 <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell" year="1996"/>
17101 <SPECIES name="sp.">
17104 <P>The gigantic <NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/> has been estimated at up to
17105 fifty feet long. It was possibly the longest <LINK content="theropod"/>,
17106 but not the biggest, since it was more lightly built than the heavier
17107 <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus"/> and <LINK
17108 content="carcharodontousaurines"/>.</P>
17110 <P>As remarkable as its length was, even more interesting was the huge sail
17111 along the back, formed by long vertebral spines, up to six feet in height
17112 at places. The exact nature of this bizarre sail is not known. It may have
17113 been used for heat dissipation, like the ears of modern-day elephants.
17114 Or perhaps it was a sexual signal. Similar structures were present in
17115 the <LINK content="ornithopod"/> <NOMEN name="Ouranosaurus"/> and the
17116 <LINK content="sauropod"/> <NOMEN name="Rebbachisaurus"/>, two
17117 <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> living at the same time and area as
17118 <NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/>. Some primitive amphibians and proto-mammals
17119 such as <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Dimetrodon"/> and
17120 <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Edaphosaurus"/> also bore similar sails back in the
17121 Permian. Such parallelism across so many diverse groups is a strange
17126 <GENUS name="Spinosuchus" type="with">
17127 <MEANING>spine crocodile</MEANING>
17128 <TIME section="latest" value="Carnian"/>
17129 <PLACE name="Texas"/>
17130 <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
17131 <SPECIES name="caseanus">
17132 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
17135 <P> Once thought to be a <LINK content="pseudosuchian"/>, but may be a
17136 <LINK content="theropod"/>.</P>
17140 <GENUS name="Spondylosoma" type="with">
17144 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
17145 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
17146 <REMAINS content="teeth, postcranial elements"/>
17147 <SPECIES name="absconditum" status="dubium">
17148 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1942"/>
17152 <GENUS name="Squalodon">
17153 <AUTHOR name="Grateloup" year="1840"/>
17154 <PROPERTAXON name="Cetacea"/>
17157 <GENUS name="Staurikosaurus" type="with">
17159 <LOW>Southern</LOW> Cross <LOW>(constellation)</LOW> lizard
17161 <LENGTH value="2"/>
17164 <TIME section="early" value="Carnian"/>
17165 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
17166 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
17167 <SPECIES name="pricei">
17168 <AUTHOR name="Colbert" year="1970"/>
17169 <MEANING><LOW>Llewellyn Ivor</LOW> Price's</MEANING>
17173 <GENUS name="Stegoceras" type="with">
17177 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
17179 <SPECIES name="validum">
17180 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
17181 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
17182 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
17183 <REMAINS content="complete skull, postcrania"/>
17188 <SPECIES name="bexelli">
17189 <SYNONYM name="Tylocephale bexelli" status="objective"/>
17191 <SPECIES name="brevis">
17192 <SYNONYM type="objective" name="Prenocephale brevis"/>
17194 <SPECIES name="browni">
17195 <SYNONYM name="Ornatotholus browni" status="objective"/>
17197 <SPECIES name="edmontonense">
17198 <SYNONYM type="objective" name="Prenocephale edmontonensis"/>
17200 <SPECIES name="formosus">
17201 <SYNONYM name="Troodon formosus" status="objective"/>
17203 <SPECIES name="lambei">
17204 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1945"/>
17205 <SYNONYM name="validum"/>
17207 <LOW>Lawrence M.</LOW> Lambe's
17210 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
17211 <SYNONYM name="Troodon sternbergi" status="objective"/>
17213 <SPECIES name="wyomingensis">
17214 <SYNONYM name="Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis" status="objective"/>
17218 <GENUS name="Stegopelta" type="with">
17222 <SPECIES name="landerensis">
17223 <AUTHOR name="Williston" year="1905"/>
17224 <MEANING>from Lander</MEANING>
17225 <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
17227 <ESSAY><P>Once thought to be a synonym of <NOMEN name="Nodosaurus"/>.</P></ESSAY>
17230 <GENUS name="Stegosaurides" type="with">
17231 <MISSPELLED name="Stegosauroides"/>
17233 <NOMEN name="Stegosaurus"/>-like <LOW>one</LOW>
17236 <PLACE name="China"/>
17237 <REMAINS content="fragmentary vertebrae, elements"/>
17238 <SPECIES name="excavatus" status="dubium">
17239 <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
17245 <P> May be a <LINK content="stegosaur"/>, the latest one known.
17250 <GENUS name="Stegosaurus" type="with">
17251 <MEANING>roofed lizard</MEANING>
17252 <LENGTH value="9"/>
17253 <MASS value="1800"/>
17254 <MASS value="2500"/>
17255 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
17256 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
17257 <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah, Wyoming"/>
17258 <SPECIES name="armatus">
17259 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
17260 <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons, fragmentary postcrania"/>
17261 <MEANING>armed</MEANING>
17263 <SPECIES name="affinis" status="dubium">
17264 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
17265 <REMAINS content="pubis"/>
17267 <SPECIES name="altispinus">
17268 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1914"/>
17269 <SYNONYM name="Kentrosaurus longispinus"/>
17270 <MEANING>tall-spined</MEANING>
17272 <SPECIES name="armatus2">
17273 <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus armatus" status="objective"/>
17275 <SPECIES name="crassus">
17276 <SYNONYM name="Priconodon crassus" status="objective"/>
17278 <SPECIES name="discurus">
17279 <SYNONYM name="Hypsirophus discurus" status="objective"/>
17281 <SPECIES name="duplex">
17282 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1887"/>
17283 <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
17285 <SPECIES name="durobrivensis">
17286 <SYNONYM name="Lexovisaurus durobrivensis" status="objective"/>
17288 <SPECIES name="hastiger">
17289 <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus hastiger" status="objective"/>
17291 <SPECIES name="laticeps" status="dubiumQ" original="Diracodon">
17292 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
17294 <SPECIES name="longispinus">
17295 <SYNONYM name="Kentrosaurus longispinus" status="objective"/>
17297 <SPECIES name="madagascariensis" status="dubium">
17298 <AUTHOR name="Piveteau" year="1926"/>
17299 <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauria" incertae="1"/>
17300 <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
17301 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
17302 <MEANING>from Madagascar</MEANING>
17304 <SPECIES name="marshi">
17305 <SYNONYM name="Hoplitosaurus marshi" status="objective"/>
17307 <SPECIES name="priscus" status="dubium">
17308 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1911"/>
17309 <SYNONYM name="Lexovisaurus durobrivensis"/>
17311 <SPECIES name="seeleyanus" status="dubium">
17312 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1879"/>
17313 <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
17315 <SPECIES name="stenops">
17316 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1887"/>
17317 <REMAINS content="complete skeleton, postcrania, 4 braincases"/>
17322 <SPECIES name="sulcatus" status="dubium">
17323 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1887"/>
17324 <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
17326 <SPECIES name="ungulatus">
17327 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
17328 <SYNONYM name="armatus" status="q"/>
17329 <MEANING>hoofed</MEANING>
17332 <P> <NOMEN name="Stegosaurus"/> had an extremely small head for its size. It did not
17333 have enough brain matter to coordinate the movements of a 20- to
17334 25-foot-long animal, and so it had a ganglion, or nerve center, in its
17335 hips to control the movement of the hindquarters. This so-called "second
17336 brain" (although it wasn't a real brain) was actually larger than the
17339 <P> <NOMEN name="Stegosaurus"/> was the largest <LINK content="stegosaur"/>. Its largest plates were
17340 over two feet high and wide. </P>
17342 <P> Recent finds show that the plates were in two alternating rows, not
17343 two paired rows. The tail spikes were held horizontally, not vertically.
17344 Small bony ossicles covered at least the the throat and hips. </P>
17346 <P> <NOMEN name="S. laticeps"/> may belong in a separate genus (<NOMEN name="Diracodon"/>), as may
17347 <NOMEN name="S. stenops"/>. </P>
17351 <GENUS name="Steneodactylus" type="with">
17355 <SPECIES name="pergracilis" status="unpublished">
17356 <SYNONYM name="Chirostenotes pergracilis"/>
17360 <GENUS name="Stenonychosaurus" type="with">
17364 <SPECIES name="inequalis">
17365 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1932"/>
17366 <SYNONYM name="Troodon formosus"/>
17368 unequally<LOW> clawed</LOW>
17373 <GENUS name="Stenopelix" type="with">
17374 <MISSPELLED name="Stenopelyx"/>
17378 <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
17379 <TIME value="Berriasian"/>
17380 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
17381 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
17382 <SPECIES name="valdensis">
17383 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1857"/>
17385 from <LOW>the</LOW> Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW>
17390 <GENUS name="Stenotholus" type="with">
17394 <SPECIES name="kohlerorum">
17395 <AUTHOR name="Giffin, Gabriel, Johnson" year="1988"/>
17396 <SYNONYM name="Stygimoloch spinifer"/>
17400 <GENUS name="Stephanosaurus">
17401 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1914"/>
17405 <SPECIES name="marginatus">
17406 <SYNONYM name="Kritosaurus marginatus" status="objective"/>
17408 <SPECIES name="intermedius">
17409 <SYNONYM name="Corythosaurus intermedius" status="objective"/>
17413 <GENUS name="Stereocephalus" type="with">
17414 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Lynch Arribalzaga" year="1884"/>
17418 <SPECIES name="tutus">
17419 <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus tutus" status="objective"/>
17423 <GENUS name="Stereosaurus" status="nudum">
17424 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
17425 <PROPERTAXON name="Plesiosauria"/>
17426 <MEANING>paired lizard</MEANING>
17429 <GENUS name="Sternbergia">
17430 <AUTHOR name="Miller" year="1972"/>
17431 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Jordan" year="1925"/>
17432 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
17433 <SYNONYM name="Pteranodon sternbergi" status="objective"/>
17437 <GENUS name="Sterrholophus">
17438 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1891"/>
17439 <SPECIES name="flabellatus">
17440 <SYNONYM name="Triceratops flabellatus" status="objective"/>
17444 <GENUS name="Stokesosaurus" type="with">
17448 <LENGTH value="4"/>
17449 <MASS value="50" q="1"/>
17450 <MASS value="100" q="1"/>
17451 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
17452 <PLACE name="Utah"/>
17453 <REMAINS content="ilium"/>
17454 <REMAINS content="premaxilla, braincase" q="1"/>
17455 <SPECIES name="clevelandi">
17456 <AUTHOR name="Madsen" year="1974"/>
17458 Cleveland<LOW>-Lloyd Quarry</LOW>
17462 <P> Similar to <NOMEN name="Iliosuchus"/>. The two may be very early
17463 <LINK content="tyrannosauroids"/>. The braincase assigned to this species
17464 has tyrannosauroid features, although it does not necessarily belong to
17469 <GENUS name="Strenusaurus" type="with">
17473 <SPECIES name="precerus">
17474 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1969"/>
17475 <SYNONYM name="Riojasaurus incertus"/>
17479 <GENUS name="Streptospondylus" type="with">
17483 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
17484 <PLACE name="England"/>
17485 <SPECIES name="altdorfensis">
17486 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1832"/>
17488 <SPECIES name="cuvieri" status="dubium">
17489 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
17490 <SYNONYM name="Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis"/>
17492 <LOW>Georges</LOW> Cuvier's
17495 <SPECIES name="grandis" status="dubium">
17496 <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1879"/>
17497 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon anglicum"/>
17502 <SPECIES name="major" status="dubium">
17503 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
17504 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon anglicum"/>
17509 <SPECIES name="meyeri" status="dubium">
17510 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1854"/>
17511 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon anglicum"/>
17513 <SPECIES name="recentior" status="dubium">
17514 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1851"/>
17515 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon anglicum"/>
17518 <P> May be a <LINK content="crocodylomorph"/>.
17523 <GENUS name="Struthiomimus">
17524 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1917"/>
17528 <LENGTH value="3"/>
17529 <LENGTH value="4.3"/>
17530 <MASS value="150"/>
17531 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
17532 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
17533 <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
17534 <SPECIES name="altus" original="Ornithomimus">
17535 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
17540 <SPECIES name="antiquus">
17541 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus antiquus" status="objective"/>
17543 <SPECIES name="brevitertius">
17544 <SYNONYM name="Dromiceiomimus brevitertius" status="objective"/>
17546 <SPECIES name="currelli">
17547 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1933"/>
17548 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus edmontonicus"/>
17550 <SPECIES name="ingens">
17551 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1933"/>
17552 <SYNONYM name="Dromiceiomimus brevitertius"/>
17554 <SPECIES name="samueli">
17555 <SYNONYM name="Dromiceiomimus samueli" status="objective"/>
17557 <SPECIES name="tenuis">
17558 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus tenuis" status="objective"/>
17562 <GENUS name="Struthiosaurus" type="with">
17566 <LENGTH value="4" q="1"/>
17567 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
17568 <PLACE name="Austria, France"/>
17569 <PLACE name="Hungary, Spain" q="1"/>
17570 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull"/>
17571 <REMAINS content="postcranial remains" q="1"/>
17572 <SPECIES name="austriacus" status="dubium">
17573 <AUTHOR name="Bunzel" year="1871"/>
17578 <SPECIES name="alcinus">
17579 <SYNONYM name="Rhadinosaurus alcinus" status="objective"/>
17581 <SPECIES name="ludgunensis" status="dubium" original="Rhodanosaurus">
17582 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1929"/>
17583 <REMAINS content="armor plates"/>
17585 <SPECIES name="pawlowitschii" status="dubium" original="Crataeomus">
17586 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
17587 <SYNONYM name="transylvanicus"/>
17589 <SPECIES name="transylvanicus" status="dubium">
17590 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1915"/>
17596 <P> Originally thought to be a <LINK content="theropod"/> (hence the name).
17601 <GENUS name="Stygimoloch" type="with">
17603 <LOW>River</LOW> Styx <LOW>(Hell Creek Formation)</LOW> Moloch <LOW>(Ammonite/Phoenician god)</LOW>
17605 <LENGTH value="3"/>
17607 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
17608 <PLACE name="Montana, Wyoming"/>
17609 <REMAINS content="5 skull fragments"/>
17610 <SPECIES name="spinifer">
17611 <AUTHOR name="Galton, Sues" year="1983"/>
17613 <SPECIES name="garbanii">
17614 <SYNONYM name="Bugenasaura garbanii" status="objective"/>
17617 <P> <NOMEN name="Stygimoloch"/> was unusual (and cool) in having bony spikes around its
17618 dome, somewhat similar to the <LINK content="ceratopsid"/>
17619 <NOMEN name="Styracosaurus"/>. </P>
17621 <P> Known from vertebrae and a hindlimb, <NOMEN name="Stygimoloch garbanii"/> has been
17622 assigned to the Hell Creek <LINK content="ornithopod"/> <NOMEN name="Bugenasaura"/>, although it
17623 might be the body of <NOMEN name="Stygimoloch"/>. </P>
17627 <GENUS name="Stygivenator">
17628 <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky" year="1995"/>
17630 <LOW>River</LOW> Styx <LOW>(Hell Creek Formation)</LOW> hunter
17632 <LENGTH value="4"/>
17633 <LENGTH value="5"/>
17634 <MASS value="200" q="1"/>
17635 <MASS value="500" q="1"/>
17636 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
17637 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
17638 <REMAINS content="partial skull"/>
17639 <SPECIES name="molnari" original="Aublysodon">
17640 <AUTHOR name="Paul" year="1988"/>
17642 <SPECIES name="amplus">
17643 <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon amplus" status="objective"/>
17645 <SPECIES name="cristatus">
17646 <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon cristatus" status="objective"/>
17649 <P> Formerly known as the "Jordan <LINK content="theropod"/>".
17650 Could be the same thing as <NOMEN name="Aublysodon"/>. </P>
17654 <GENUS name="Styracosaurus" type="with">
17658 <LENGTH value="5.5"/>
17659 <MASS value="3000"/>
17660 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
17661 <SPECIES name="albertensis">
17662 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1913"/>
17663 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
17664 <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
17669 <SPECIES name="borealis" status="nudum">
17670 <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
17671 <SYNONYM name="parksi"/>
17676 <SPECIES name="makeli" status="nudum">
17677 <AUTHOR name="Czerkas, Czerkas" year="1990"/>
17678 <SYNONYM name="Einiosaurus procurvicornis"/>
17680 <SPECIES name="ovatus">
17681 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1930"/>
17682 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
17683 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
17684 <REMAINS content="partial frill, fragments"/>
17686 <SPECIES name="parksi" status="dubium">
17687 <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1947"/>
17688 <SYNONYM name="albertensis"/>
17690 <SPECIES name="sphenocerus" status="dubium">
17691 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1889"/>
17694 <P> In addition to a large nasal horn, <NOMEN name="Styracosaurus"/>
17695 was equipped with horns lining the edge of its frill. </P>
17699 <GENUS name="Succinodon" type="with">
17700 <SPECIES name="putzeri">
17701 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1941"/>
17702 <PROPERTAXON name="Mollusca"/>
17706 <GENUS name="Suchomimus" type="with">
17707 <MEANING>crocodile mimic</MEANING>
17708 <LENGTH age="subadult" value="11"/>
17709 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
17710 <PLACE name="Niger"/>
17711 <REMAINS content="partial subadult skeleton"/>
17712 <SPECIES name="tenerensis">
17713 <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Gado, Larsson, Lyon, Marcot, Rauhut, Sadleir, Sidor, Varricchio, G. P. Wilson, J. A. Wilson" year="1998"/>
17716 <P>This <LINK content="baryonychine"/> had a two-foot-high sail over its
17717 hips. Some think it may be the same as <NOMEN name="Baryonyx"/>.</P>
17721 <GENUS name="Suchoprion">
17722 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
17723 <SYNONYM name="Clepsysaurus"/>
17726 <GENUS name="Sugiyamasaurus" status="nudum">
17727 <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
17731 <TIME value="Coniacian" q="1"/>
17732 <TIME value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
17733 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
17734 <REMAINS content="3 teeth"/>
17737 <GENUS name="Supersaurus" type="with">
17741 <LENGTH value="30"/>
17742 <LENGTH value="40"/>
17743 <MASS value="45000"/>
17744 <MASS value="55000" q="1"/>
17745 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
17746 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
17747 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
17748 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, scapulocoracoid, ischium"/>
17749 <SPECIES name="vivianae">
17750 <AUTHOR name="Jensen" year="1985"/>
17753 <P> One of the hugest land animals of all time. Stood 27 feet (8m) high
17754 at the shoulders and had at 40 foot (12m) long neck. </P>
17756 <P> "Ultrasaurus macintoshi" was to be a name for some giant
17757 <LINK content="sauropod"/> bones from the Morrison Formation, but before it was
17758 published the name <NOMEN name="Ultrasaurus"/> was given to a smaller, dubious Korean
17759 sauropod (which was originally though to be larger because they
17760 misidentified a humerus as an ulna). The giant American sauropod's name was
17761 changed to <NOMEN name="Ultrasauros"/>. More recent analysis indicates that this creature
17762 is made up of bones from <NOMEN name="Supersaurus vivianae"/>
17763 and a large <NOMEN name="Brachiosaurus altithorax"/>, so the name <NOMEN name="Ultrasauros"/> is
17769 <GENUS name="Symphyrophus" type="with">
17770 <MISSPELLED name="Symphyrosaurus"/>
17774 <SPECIES name="musculosus" status="dubium">
17775 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
17776 <SYNONYM name="Brachyrophus altarkansanus"/>
17780 <GENUS name="Syngonosaurus">
17781 <MISSPELLED name="Sygmosaurus"/>
17782 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1879"/>
17786 <SPECIES name="macrocercus">
17787 <SYNONYM name="Acanthopholis macrocercus" status="objective"/>
17791 <GENUS name="Syntarsus" type="with">
17795 <LENGTH value="2"/>
17797 <SPECIES name="rhodesiensis">
17798 <AUTHOR name="Raath" year="1969"/>
17799 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
17800 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
17801 <PLACE name="N. Zimbabwe, S. Africa"/>
17802 <REMAINS content="30 skeletons"/>
17804 from Rhodesia <LOW>(=Zimbabwe)</LOW>
17807 <SPECIES name="colberti">
17808 <SYNONYM name="Rioarribasaurus colberti" status="objective"/>
17810 <SPECIES name="kayentakatae">
17811 <AUTHOR name="Rowe" year="1989"/>
17812 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
17813 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
17814 <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
17815 <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
17817 Kayenta <LOW>0</LOW>
17821 <P> <NOMEN name="Syntarsus kayentakatae"/> had two small crests, similar to those of
17822 larger coelophysoids like <NOMEN name="Dilophosaurus"/>.</P>
17824 <P>Individuals thought to be <NOMEN name="S. kayentakatae"/> juveniles
17825 have been reevaluated as adults of a distinct form to be given its own
17826 genus (provisionally called "Shake-N-Bake theropod").</P>
17830 <GENUS name="Syrmosaurus" type="with">
17834 <SPECIES name="viminicaudus">
17835 <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1952"/>
17836 <SYNONYM name="Pinacosaurus grangeri"/>
17838 <SPECIES name="disparoserratus">
17839 <SYNONYM name="Maleevus disparoserratus" status="objective"/>
17843 <GENUS name="Szechuanosaurus" type="with">
17845 Szechuan <LOW>Province</LOW> lizard
17847 <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
17848 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
17849 <PLACE name="China"/>
17850 <SPECIES name="campi" status="dubiumQ">
17851 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1942"/>
17852 <LENGTH value="4"/>
17853 <MASS value="100"/>
17854 <MASS value="150"/>
17855 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
17856 <REMAINS content="incomplete skeletons" q="1"/>
17858 <SPECIES name="yandonesis">
17859 <SYNONYM name="Yangchuanosaurus yandonensis" status="objective"/>
17861 <SPECIES name="zigongensis">
17862 <AUTHOR name="Gao" year="1993"/>
17863 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
17869 <P> The skeletons assigned to <NOMEN name="Szechuanosaurus campi"/> may not belong to the same species
17870 as the type material (teeth).
17875 <GENUS name="Talarurus" type="with">
17879 <LENGTH value="6"/>
17880 <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
17881 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
17882 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
17883 <REMAINS content="over 5 specimens"/>
17884 <SPECIES name="plicatospineus">
17885 <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1952"/>
17887 <SPECIES name="disparoserratus">
17888 <SYNONYM name="Maleevus disparoserratus" status="objective"/>
17892 <GENUS name="Tangvayosaurus" type="with">
17893 <MEANING>Tang Vay lizard</MEANING>
17894 <SPECIES name="hoffeti">
17895 <AUTHOR name="Allian, Taquet, Battail, Dejax, Richir, Veran, Limon-Duparcmeur, Vacant, Mateus, Sayarath, Khenthavong, Phouyavong" year="1999"/>
17896 <MEANING><LOW>Josué-Heilmann</LOW> Hoffet's</MEANING>
17898 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
17899 <TIME value="Albian"/>
17900 <PLACE name="Laos"/>
17901 <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons"/>
17903 May be the same as <NOMEN name="Titanosaurus falloti"/>.
17907 <GENUS name="Tanius" type="with">
17909 <LOW>H. C.</LOW> Tan's <LOW>one</LOW>
17912 <PLACE name="China"/>
17913 <REMAINS content="73 skeletons, skeletal elements"/>
17914 <SPECIES name="sinensis">
17915 <AUTHOR name="Wiman" year="1929"/>
17920 <SPECIES name="chingkankouensis">
17921 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1958"/>
17922 <SYNONYM name="Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus" status="q"/>
17924 from Ch'ing-kang-kou <LOW>village</LOW>
17927 <SPECIES name="laiyangensis">
17928 <AUTHOR name="Zhen" year="1976"/>
17929 <SYNONYM name="Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus" status="q"/>
17931 <SPECIES name="prynadai">
17932 <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus prynadai" status="objective"/>
17936 <GENUS name="Tanystropheus" type="none">
17937 <MISSPELLED name="Tanystrophaeus"/>
17938 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1855"/>
17939 <PROPERTAXON name="Prolacertiformes"/>
17940 <MEANING>stretched vertebra</MEANING>
17941 <SPECIES name="bauri">
17942 <SYNONYM name="Coelophysis bauri" status="objective"/>
17944 <SPECIES name="longicollis">
17945 <SYNONYM name="Coelurus longicollis" status="objective"/>
17947 <SPECIES name="posthumus" status="dubium">
17948 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
17949 <SYNONYM name="Halticosaurus longotarsus"/>
17954 <SPECIES name="willistoni">
17955 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1887"/>
17956 <SYNONYM name="Coelurus longicollis"/>
17957 <REMAINS content="ilium"/>
17961 <GENUS name="Tanystrosuchus">
17962 <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1963"/>
17964 <NOMEN name="Tanystropheus"/> crocodile
17966 <SPECIES name="posthumus">
17967 <SYNONYM name="Tanystropheus posthumus" status="objective"/>
17971 <GENUS name="Tapejara" type="with">
17975 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
17976 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
17977 <SPECIES name="wellnhoferi">
17978 <AUTHOR name="Kellner" year="1989"/>
17979 <REMAINS content="2 skulls"/>
17981 <LOW>Peter</LOW> Wellnhofer's
17984 <SPECIES name="imperator">
17985 <REMAINS content="skull"/>
17986 <MEANING>emperor</MEANING>
17988 <SPECIES name="sp.">
17989 <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
17992 <P> Skin impressions show that <NOMEN name="Tapejara imperator"/>
17993 and an unnamed species had a stretch
17994 of skin supported by two crests on its head, one above its nostrils, the other
17995 behind its eyes. This may have been for sexual display.
18000 <GENUS name="Tapinocephalus">
18001 <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1876"/>
18002 <PROPERTAXON name="Therapsida"/>
18005 <GENUS name="Tarascosaurus" type="with">
18007 Tarasqué <LOW>(Spanish dragon)</LOW> lizard
18009 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
18010 <PLACE name="France"/>
18011 <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae"/>
18012 <SPECIES name="salluvicus">
18013 <AUTHOR name="Le Loeff, Buffetaut" year="1991"/>
18017 <GENUS name="Tarbosaurus" type="with">
18021 <SPECIES name="efremovi">
18022 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus efremovi" status="objective"/>
18024 <SPECIES name="bataar">
18025 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus bataar" status="objective"/>
18027 <SPECIES name="lanpingensis">
18028 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus lanpingensis" status="objective"/>
18030 <SPECIES name="luanchuanensis">
18031 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis" status="objective"/>
18033 <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
18034 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus novojilovi" status="objective"/>
18036 <SPECIES name="periculosus">
18037 <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus periculosus" status="objective"/>
18039 <SPECIES name="turpanensis">
18040 <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus turpanensis" status="objective"/>
18044 <GENUS name="Tarchia">
18045 <AUTHOR name="Maryañska" year="1977"/>
18047 brainy <LOW>one</LOW>
18049 <LENGTH value="8.5"/>
18050 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
18051 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
18052 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
18053 <REMAINS content="7 specimens"/>
18054 <SPECIES name="gigantea" original="Dyoplosaurus">
18055 <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1956"/>
18060 <SPECIES name="kielanae">
18061 <AUTHOR name="Maryañska" year="1977"/>
18062 <SYNONYM name="gigantea"/>
18066 <GENUS name="Tatisaurus" type="with">
18068 Ta-Ti <LOW>village</LOW> lizard
18070 <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
18071 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
18072 <TIME section="late" value="Sinemurian"/>
18073 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
18074 <PLACE name="China"/>
18075 <REMAINS content="dentary"/>
18076 <SPECIES name="oehleri">
18077 <AUTHOR name="Simmons" year="1965"/>
18080 <P> Could be a primitive <LINK content="stegosaur"/> or a more primitive
18081 <LINK content="thyreophoran"/>.
18086 <GENUS name="Taveirosaurus" type="with">
18088 Taveiro <LOW>village</LOW> lizard
18090 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
18091 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
18092 <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
18093 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
18094 <SPECIES name="costai" status="dubium">
18095 <AUTHOR name="Telles-Antunes, Sigogneau-D. A. Russell" year="1991"/>
18099 <GENUS name="Tawasaurus" type="with">
18103 <SPECIES name="minor">
18104 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1982"/>
18105 <SYNONYM name="Lufengosaurus huenei"/>
18112 <GENUS name="Technosaurus" type="with">
18114 <LOW>Texas</LOW> Techno<LOW>logical University</LOW> lizard
18116 <LENGTH value="1"/>
18117 <LENGTH value="2"/>
18118 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
18119 <PLACE name="Texas"/>
18120 <REMAINS content="dentary"/>
18121 <SPECIES name="smalli">
18122 <AUTHOR name="Chatterjee" year="1984"/>
18126 <GENUS name="Tecovasaurus" type="with">
18128 Tecovas <LOW>Member</LOW> lizard
18130 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
18131 <PLACE name="Arizona, Texas"/>
18132 <PLACE name="France" q="1"/>
18133 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
18134 <SPECIES name="murrayi">
18135 <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1994"/>
18139 <GENUS name="Tehuelchesaurus" type="with">
18140 <MEANING>Tehuelche <LOW>tribe</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
18141 <SPECIES name="benitezii">
18142 <AUTHOR name="Rich, Vickers-Rich, Gimenez, Cúneo, Puerta, Vacca" year="1999"/>
18143 <MEANING><LOW>Aldino</LOW> Benitez' <LOW>(discoverer)</LOW></MEANING>
18145 <TIME value="Callovian" q="1"/>
18146 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
18147 <REMAINS type="holo" museum="MPEF-PV" id="1125" content="dorsal, sarcal & caudal vertebrae; rib fragments; girdle & limb (fore and hind) elements, associated skin impressions"/>
18148 <LENGTH value="15" q="1"/>
18150 <P> The (incomplete) dorsal centra of this animal bear similarities to the Asian
18151 <LINK content="sauropod"/> <NOMEN name="Omeisaurus tianfuensis"/>. The
18152 girdle and limb elements, on the other hand, resemble
18153 <NOMEN name="Patagosaurus"/>.</P>
18157 <GENUS name="Teinurosaurus">
18158 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1928"/>
18159 <AUTHOR type="emended" year="1929"/>
18161 stretched tail lizard
18163 <SPECIES name="sauvagei">
18164 <SYNONYM name="Caudocoelus sauvagei" status="objective"/>
18168 <GENUS name="Teleocrater" status="nudum">
18169 <AUTHOR name="Charig" year="1956"/>
18170 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
18171 <MEANING>far bowl</MEANING>
18174 <GENUS name="Telmatosaurus">
18175 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1903"/>
18179 <LENGTH value="5"/>
18180 <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian"/>
18181 <PLACE name="Romania, France, Spain"/>
18182 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skulls (some with postcrania)"/>
18183 <REMAINS content="eggs" q="1"/>
18184 <SPECIES name="transylvanicus" original="Limnosaurus">
18185 <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1899"/>
18190 <SPECIES name="cantabrigiensis" status="dubium" original="Trachodon">
18191 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1888"/>
18193 <SPECIES name="dolloi">
18194 <SYNONYM name="Orthomerus dolloi"/>
18196 <SPECIES name="prynadai">
18197 <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus prynadai" status="objective"/>
18200 <P> Very primitive for such a late-occurring <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>. Its skull
18201 was more similar to <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> and its kin. </P>
18203 <P> Spherical eggs found in clutches of two to four have been
18204 tentatively assigned to this <LINK content="dinosaur"/>.
18209 <GENUS name="Tenantosaurus" type="with">
18210 <SPECIES name="kaiseni" status="nudum">
18211 <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
18212 <AUTHOR name="Chure, McIntosh" year="1989"/>
18213 <SYNONYM name="Tenontosaurus tillettorum"/>
18217 <GENUS name="Tendaguria" type="with">
18218 <MEANING>Tendaguru <LOW>beds one</LOW></MEANING>
18219 <SPECIES name="tanzaniensis">
18220 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Heinrich, Wild" year="2000"/>
18221 <MEANING>from Tanzania</MEANING>
18222 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
18223 <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
18227 <GENUS name="Tenontosaurus" type="with">
18231 <LENGTH value="6.5"/>
18232 <MASS value="900"/>
18233 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
18234 <TIME section="middle" value="Albian"/>
18235 <SPECIES name="tillettorum">
18236 <AUTHOR name="Ostrom" year="1970"/>
18237 <PLACE name="Montana, Texas, Utah, Wyoming, Oklahoma"/>
18238 <REMAINS content="over 25 skeletons, skeletal elements, teeth"/>
18240 <SPECIES name="dossi">
18241 <AUTHOR name="Winkler, Murray, Jacobs" year="1997"/>
18242 <REMAINS content="nearly complete specimen"/>
18245 <P> This primitive <LINK content="iguanodont"/> had an extremely long tail. </P>
18247 <P> One specimen was found in association with several <NOMEN name="Deinonychus"/>, suggesting
18248 that it may have been preyed upon by packs of these small
18249 <LINK content="theropods"/>.
18254 <GENUS name="Teratosaurus" type="with">
18258 <SPECIES name="suevicus">
18259 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1861"/>
18260 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
18261 <MEANING>Swabian</MEANING>
18263 <SPECIES name="lloydi">
18264 <SYNONYM name="Cladeiodon lloydi" status="objective"/>
18266 <SPECIES name="minor" status="dubium">
18267 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
18268 <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis"/>
18273 <SPECIES name="quenstedti">
18274 <SYNONYM name="Zanclodon quenstedti" status="objective"/>
18276 <SPECIES name="trossingensis" status="dubium">
18277 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
18278 <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis"/>
18285 <GENUS name="Termatosaurus">
18286 <AUTHOR name="von Meyer, Plieninger" year="1844"/>
18287 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
18290 <GENUS name="Tetragonosaurus" type="with">
18294 <SPECIES name="praeceps">
18295 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1931"/>
18296 <SYNONYM name="Lambeosaurus lambei"/>
18301 <SPECIES name="cranibrevis">
18302 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1935"/>
18303 <SYNONYM name="Corythosaurus casuarius"/>
18308 <SPECIES name="erectofrons">
18309 <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1931"/>
18310 <SYNONYM name="Corythosaurus casuarius"/>
18314 <GENUS name="Texasetes" type="with">
18318 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
18319 <LENGTH value="3"/>
18320 <TIME value="Albian"/>
18321 <PLACE name="Texas"/>
18322 <REMAINS content="teeth, vertebral centra, cranial fragment, partial scapluocoracoid, ends of ilia, limb elements, armor"/>
18323 <SPECIES name="pleurohalio">
18324 <AUTHOR name="Coombs" year="1995"/>
18328 <GENUS name="Teyuwasu" type="with">
18329 <TIME value="LTr"/>
18330 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
18331 <MEANING>big lizard <LOW>(Tupi language)</LOW></MEANING>
18332 <SPECIES name="barbarenai">
18333 <AUTHOR name="Mischlat" year="1999"/>
18334 <MEANING><LOW>M. C.</LOW> Barbarena's</MEANING>
18336 <REMAINS content="right femur & tibia"/>
18339 <GENUS name="Thecocoelurus">
18340 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1923"/>
18344 <SPECIES name="daviesi">
18345 <SYNONYM name="Thecospondylus daviesi" status="objective"/>
18349 <GENUS name="Thecodontosaurus" type="with">
18351 socket tooth lizard
18353 <LENGTH value="1"/>
18354 <LENGTH value="2.5" q="1"/>
18355 <MASS value="40" q="1"/>
18356 <MASS value="70" q="1"/>
18357 <TIME value="Norian" q="1"/>
18358 <TIME value="Rhaetian"/>
18359 <PLACE name="England, Wales"/>
18360 <SPECIES name="antiquus">
18361 <AUTHOR name="Morris" year="1843"/>
18362 <REMAINS content="over 100 elements (juvenile to adult), skull, partial skeletons"/>
18363 <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="49984" content="tibiae, radius, 2 unguals, tail vertebra, ?tooth" synonym="Agrosaurus macgillvrayi"/>
18368 <SPECIES name="browni" status="dubium">
18369 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1895"/>
18370 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
18372 <SPECIES name="browni2" status="dubium">
18373 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
18374 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1895"/>
18375 <SYNONYM name="minor"/>
18377 <SPECIES name="diagnosticus">
18378 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
18379 <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis"/>
18384 <SPECIES name="dubius" status="dubium">
18385 <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
18386 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
18391 <SPECIES name="elizae">
18392 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus elizae" status="objective"/>
18394 <SPECIES name="fraserianus">
18395 <SYNONYM name="Palaeosaurus2 fraserianus" status="objective"/>
18397 <SPECIES name="gibbidens">
18398 <SYNONYM name="Galtonia gibbidens" status="objective"/>
18400 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
18401 <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis" status="objective"/>
18406 <SPECIES name="hermannianus" status="dubium">
18407 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
18408 <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis"/>
18410 <SPECIES name="macgillvrayi">
18411 <SYNONYM name="Agrosaurus macgillvrayi" status="objective"/>
18413 <SPECIES name="minor" status="dubium">
18414 <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1918"/>
18415 <REMAINS content="neck vertebra, tibia, ischium"/>
18420 <SPECIES name="minor2" status="dubium">
18421 <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
18422 <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
18427 <SPECIES name="polyzelus">
18428 <SYNONYM name="Anchisaurus polyzelus" status="objective"/>
18430 <SPECIES name="skirtopodus">
18431 <SYNONYM name="Hortalotarsus skirtopodus" status="objective"/>
18434 <P> The most primitive well-known <LINK content="sauropodomorph"/>.</P>
18438 <GENUS name="Thecospondylus" type="with">
18443 <PLACE name="Europe"/>
18444 <REMAINS content="partial sacrum"/>
18445 <SPECIES name="horneri" status="dubium">
18446 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1882"/>
18448 <SPECIES name="daviesi" status="dubium">
18449 <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1888"/>
18450 <SYNONYM name="Calamospondylus2 foxi"/>
18453 <P> Originally classified as a small <LINK content="theropod"/>
18454 ("coelurosaur"), but may be <LINK content="ornithischian"/>.
18459 <GENUS name="Therizinosaurus" type="with">
18461 reaper/scythe lizard
18463 <LENGTH value="8"/>
18464 <LENGTH value="11"/>
18465 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
18466 <PLACE name="Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Transbaykalia"/>
18467 <REMAINS content="partial forelimb, foot, vertebrae, hindlimb, claws, tooth"/>
18468 <REMAINS content="ribs, eggs" q="1"/>
18469 <SPECIES name="cheloniformis">
18470 <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1954"/>
18476 <P> <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/> was named for remains from the southern Gobi Desert,
18477 which included huge claws measuring up to 28 inches (and that's without the
18478 horny sheath that covered them in life!) as well as seven-foot-long arms
18479 and some flattened ribs. They were originally thought to be remains of a
18480 giant <LINK content="turtle"/>-like creature (hence the specific name
18481 <NOMEN name="T. cheloniformis"/>). </P>
18483 <P> More remains were found in Kazakhstan, Transbaykalia, and Inner Mongolia
18484 in the late 50's, including a partial forelimb, partial hindlimbs, and a
18485 tooth. The new discoveries showed that <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/> was not a
18486 turtle at all, but a <LINK content="dinosaur"/>, probably a new kind of
18487 <LINK content="theropod"/>. (The ribs of the first specimen may belong to a
18488 <LINK content="sauropod"/>.) </P>
18490 <P> <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/> was kept in its own group for a long time.
18491 Only recently have scientists discovered its close relation to the bizarre
18492 segnosaurs (now known as <LINK content="therizinosaurs"/>). </P>
18494 <P> One of the most striking characteristics of <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/>
18495 (apart from the myriad of striking characteristics it shares with other
18496 therizinosaurs) is the huge, blade-like claws on the hand. Other
18497 therizinosaurs had them, but none as insanely large
18498 as those of <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/>. </P>
18500 <P> Many ideas have been postulated about these claws. It has been suggested
18501 that therizinosaurs used them to rip open giant termite nests, like
18502 anteaters and aardvarks. But the idea that an animal of
18503 <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/>' size (over 30 feet long) could subsist on a
18504 diet of insects seems rather unlikely. </P>
18506 <P> Instead, the claws may be analogous to those of the
18507 extinct giant ground sloths and chalicotheres (relatives of horses).
18508 Members of both of these groups were quite large in size and bore huge,
18509 blade-like claws on their hands. They were both herbivorous, as
18510 therizinosaurs probably were. It has been suggested that they used their
18511 claws when browsing to bring foliage closer to their mouths. They would
18512 also have come in handy as defensive weapons. </P>
18514 <P> The giant <LINK content="ornithomimosaur"/> <NOMEN name="Deinocheirus"/> is another mysterious
18515 theropod known mostly from gigantic arms. Strangely enough, it comes from
18516 the same time and place as <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/>. </P>
18518 <P> Huge fossilized eggs found in Mongolia (13cm diameter, 45cm long) have been
18519 attributed to <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/>, or possibly <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus"/>.
18524 <GENUS name="Therosaurus">
18525 <AUTHOR name="Fitzenger" year="1843"/>
18526 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon mantelli"/>
18532 <GENUS name="Thescelosaurus" type="with">
18536 <MASS value="300"/>
18537 <LENGTH value="3"/>
18538 <LENGTH value="4"/>
18539 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
18540 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
18541 <PLACE name="Alberta, Saskatchewan, Colorado, Montana, S. Dakota, Wyoming"/>
18542 <REMAINS content="1 complete specimen, 8 partial skeletons, elements, teeth"/>
18543 <SPECIES name="neglectus">
18544 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1913"/>
18549 <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
18550 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1940"/>
18551 <SYNONYM name="neglectus"/>
18553 from <LOW>the</LOW> Edmonton <LOW>Group</LOW>
18556 <SPECIES name="garbanii">
18557 <SYNONYM name="Bugenasaura garbanii" status="objective"/>
18559 <SPECIES name="sp.">
18560 <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
18561 <REMAINS content="complete skeleton with preserved ?heart, cartilaginous sternal ribs and plates attached to ribs, ?tendons attached to vertebrae" nickname="Willo"/>
18563 <SPECIES name="sp2.">
18564 <TIME section="middle-late" value="Campanian"/>
18565 <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
18567 <SPECIES name="warrenae">
18568 <SYNONYM name="Parksosaurus warrenae" status="objective"/>
18571 <P header='A "Hearty" Fossil'> A new specimen of this genus may be the first
18572 dinosaur fossil with a preserved heart. If the structure is the heart, it confirms predictions, based on
18573 living dinosaurs (<LINK content="neornithean birds"/>) and the dinosaurs'
18574 closest living relatives (<LINK content="crocodylians"/>) that dinosaurs
18575 had four-chambered hearts. The structure is similar to that of birds,
18576 suggesting high levels of activity. <I>see</I> <REFER
18577 page="http://www.dinoheart.org/"/></P>
18581 <GENUS name="Thespesius" type="with">
18583 mighty <LOW>one</LOW>
18585 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
18586 <PLACE name="Nebraska"/>
18587 <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae, pedal phalanx"/>
18588 <SPECIES name="occidentalis" status="dubium">
18589 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1856"/>
18594 <SPECIES name="agilis">
18595 <SYNONYM name="Claosaurus agilis" status="objective"/>
18600 <SPECIES name="altidens">
18601 <SYNONYM name="Trachodon altidens" status="objective"/>
18603 <SPECIES name="amurensis">
18604 <SYNONYM name="Mandschurosaurus amurensis" status="objective"/>
18606 <SPECIES name="annectens">
18607 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens" status="objective"/>
18609 <SPECIES name="arctatus">
18610 <SYNONYM name="Cionodon arctatus" status="objective"/>
18612 <SPECIES name="calamarius">
18613 <SYNONYM name="Diclonius calamarius" status="objective"/>
18615 <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
18616 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus edmontonensis" status="objective"/>
18618 <SPECIES name="grallipes">
18619 <SYNONYM name="Pteropelyx grallipes" status="objective"/>
18621 <SPECIES name="kyzylkumensis">
18622 <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus kyzylkumensis" status="objective"/>
18624 <SPECIES name="longiceps">
18625 <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan longiceps" status="objective"/>
18627 <SPECIES name="marginatus">
18628 <SYNONYM name="Kritosaurus marginatus" status="objective"/>
18630 <SPECIES name="pentagonus">
18631 <SYNONYM name="Diclonius pentagonus" status="objective"/>
18633 <SPECIES name="perangulatus">
18634 <SYNONYM name="Diclonius perangulatus" status="objective"/>
18636 <SPECIES name="saskatchewanensis">
18637 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis" status="objective"/>
18639 <SPECIES name="selwyni">
18640 <SYNONYM name="Trachodon selwyni" status="objective"/>
18642 <SPECIES name="stenopsis" status="dubium" original="Cionodon">
18643 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1875"/>
18650 <GENUS name="Thotobolosaurus" type="with">
18654 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
18655 <TIME value="Norian"/>
18656 <PLACE name="Africa"/>
18657 <SPECIES name="mabeatae" status="nudum">
18658 <AUTHOR name="Ellenberger" year="1972"/>
18662 <GENUS name="Tianchisaurus" type="with">
18663 <MISSPELLED name="Tianchiasaurus"/>
18664 <MISSPELLED name="Tenchisaurus"/>
18665 <MISSPELLED name="Teinchisaurus"/>
18667 <LOW>Lake</LOW> Tian Chi <LOW>(Heavenly Pool)</LOW> lizard
18669 <LENGTH value="3"/>
18670 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
18671 <PLACE name="China"/>
18672 <REMAINS content="cranial fragments, vertebrae, limb elements, scutes"/>
18673 <SPECIES name="nedegoapeferima">
18674 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1993"/>
18676 <LOW>Sam </LOW>Ne<LOW>ill, Laura </LOW>De<LOW>rn, Jeff
18677 </LOW>Go<LOW>ldblum, Sir Richard </LOW>A<LOW>ttenborough,
18678 Bob </LOW>Pe<LOW>ck, Martin </LOW>Fe<LOW>rrero, Ariana
18679 </LOW>Ri<LOW>chards, & Joseph </LOW>Ma<LOW>zzello's</LOW>
18683 <P> <NOMEN name="Tianchisaurus nedegoapeferima"/> is named after the cast members
18684 of the movie <U>Jurassic Park</U>. </P>
18688 <GENUS name="Tianchungosaurus" status="nudum">
18689 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
18693 <TIME value="J" q="1"/>
18694 <PLACE name="China"/>
18696 <P> Might be a misspelling of <NOMEN name="Dianchungosaurus"/>, a <LINK content="heterodontosaurid"/>.
18701 <GENUS name="Tianzhenosaurus" type="with">
18705 <TIME value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
18706 <PLACE name="China"/>
18707 <SPECIES name="youngi">
18708 <AUTHOR name="Pang, Zheng" year="1998"/>
18712 <GENUS name="Tichosteus" type="with">
18716 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
18717 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
18718 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
18719 <SPECIES name="lucasanus" status="dubium">
18720 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
18721 <REMAINS content="vertebra"/>
18723 <SPECIES name="aequifacies" status="dubium">
18724 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
18725 <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
18728 <P> Could be an <LINK content="iguanodont"/>.
18733 <GENUS name="Tienshanosaurus" type="with">
18735 Tien Shan <LOW>Mountains</LOW> lizard
18737 <MISSPELLED name="Teishanosaurus" author="Dong" year="1990"/>
18738 <LENGTH value="10"/>
18739 <LENGTH value="12"/>
18740 <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
18741 <PLACE name="China"/>
18742 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium, ?17 caudal vertebrae"/>
18743 <SPECIES name="chitalensis">
18744 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1937"/>
18746 <SPECIES name="luoquanensis">
18747 <SYNONYM name="Omeisaurus luoquanensis" status="objective"/>
18749 <SPECIES name="tianfuensis">
18750 <SYNONYM name="Omeisaurus tianfuensis" status="objective"/>
18752 <SPECIES name="zdanskyi">
18753 <SYNONYM name="Euhelopus zdanskyi" status="objective"/>
18757 <GENUS name="Timimus" type="with">
18759 Tim <LOW>Rich and Tim Flannery's m</LOW>imic
18761 <LENGTH value="3"/>
18762 <TIME value="Albian"/>
18763 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
18764 <REMAINS content="femora (juvenile and adult)"/>
18765 <SPECIES name="hermani">
18766 <AUTHOR name="Rich, Vickers-Rich" year="1994"/>
18769 <P> Originally classified as an early <LINK content="ornithomimosaur"/>.
18774 <GENUS name="Titanopteryx" type="with">
18775 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Enderlein" year="1935"/>
18779 <SPECIES name="philadelphiae">
18780 <SYNONYM name="Arambourgiania philadelphiae" status="objective"/>
18784 <GENUS name="Titanosaurus" type="with">
18788 <TIME value="Coniacian" q="1"/>
18789 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
18790 <PLACE name="India"/>
18791 <SPECIES name="indicus">
18792 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1877"/>
18793 <LENGTH value="12"/>
18794 <MASS value="5500"/>
18795 <MASS value="7500"/>
18796 <REMAINS content="postcranial material"/>
18801 <SPECIES name="araukanicus">
18802 <SYNONYM name="Laplatasaurus araukanicus" status="objective"/>
18804 <SPECIES name="australis">
18805 <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus australis" status="objective"/>
18807 <SPECIES name="blanfordi" status="dubiumQ">
18808 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1879"/>
18809 <SYNONYM name="indicus"/>
18811 <SPECIES name="colberti">
18812 <AUTHOR name="Jain, Bandyopadhyay" year="1997"/>
18813 <LENGTH value="20"/>
18814 <REMAINS content="postcranium without hindlimbs"/>
18816 <LOW>Edwin H.</LOW> Colbert's
18819 <SPECIES name="dacus">
18820 <SYNONYM name="Magyarosaurus dacus" status="objective"/>
18822 <SPECIES name="falloti" status="dubium">
18823 <AUTHOR name="Hoffet" year="1943"/>
18824 <PROPERTAXON name="Sauropoda" incertae="1"/>
18825 <PLACE name="Laos"/>
18827 <SPECIES name="hungaricus">
18828 <SYNONYM name="Magyarosaurus hungaricus" status="objective"/>
18830 <SPECIES name="lydekkeri" status="dubium">
18831 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
18832 <SYNONYM name="Macrurosaurus semnus"/>
18837 <SPECIES name="madagascariensis">
18838 <SYNONYM name="Laplatasaurus madagascariensis" status="objective"/>
18840 <SPECIES name="nanus" status="dubium">
18841 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1893"/>
18842 <SYNONYM name="Saltasaurus loricatus"/>
18847 <SPECIES name="rahioliensis">
18848 <AUTHOR name="Mathur, Srivatsava" year="1987"/>
18849 <PROPERTAXON name="Sauropoda" incertae="1"/>
18850 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
18851 <PLACE name="India"/>
18853 <SPECIES name="robustus">
18854 <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus robustus" status="objective"/>
18856 <SPECIES name="transylvanicus">
18857 <SYNONYM name="Magyarosaurus transylvanicus" status="objective"/>
18859 <SPECIES name="valdensis">
18860 <SYNONYM name="Iuticosaurus valdensis" status="objective"/>
18864 <GENUS name="Titanosaurus2" type="with">
18865 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Lydekker" year="1877"/>
18869 <SPECIES name="montanus">
18870 <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus montanus" status="objective"/>
18874 <GENUS name="Tochisaurus" type="with">
18878 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian" q="1"/>
18879 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
18880 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
18881 <REMAINS content="metatarsus"/>
18882 <SPECIES name="nemegtensis">
18883 <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov, Osmólska" year="1991"/>
18885 from <LOW>the</LOW> Nemegt <LOW>Formation</LOW>
18890 <GENUS name="Tomodon" type="with">
18891 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Dumeril" year="1853"/>
18895 <SPECIES name="horrificus">
18896 <SYNONYM name="Diplotomodon horrificus" status="objective"/>
18900 <GENUS name="Tonouchisaurus" type="with">
18901 <LENGTH value="1"/>
18903 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
18904 <REMAINS content="complete hand, foot"/>
18905 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" status="nudum">
18906 <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1994"/>
18912 <P> Possibly an early <LINK content="tyrannosauroid"/>, since
18913 the hand had two fingers.
18918 <GENUS name="Tornieria">
18919 <AUTHOR name="Sternfield" year="1911"/>
18921 <LOW>Gustav</LOW> Tornier's <LOW>one</LOW>
18923 <SPECIES name="africana">
18924 <SYNONYM name="Barosaurus africanus" status="objective"/>
18926 <SPECIES name="dixeyi">
18927 <SYNONYM name="Malawisaurus dixeyi" status="objective"/>
18928 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
18930 <SPECIES name="gracilis">
18931 <SYNONYM name="Barosaurus gracilis" status="objective"/>
18933 <SPECIES name="robusta">
18934 <MISSPELLED name="gigantea" author="von Huene" year="1956"/>
18935 <SYNONYM name="Janenschia robusta" status="objective"/>
18936 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Sternfeld" year="1911"/>
18940 <GENUS name="Torosaurus" type="with">
18944 <LENGTH value="6"/>
18945 <LENGTH value="8"/>
18946 <MASS value="7000"/>
18947 <MASS value="8000"/>
18948 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
18949 <PLACE name="Wyoming, Montana, S. Dakota, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Texas, Saskatchewan"/>
18950 <REMAINS content="5 partial skulls, elements"/>
18951 <SPECIES name="latus">
18952 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1891"/>
18957 <SPECIES name="gladius">
18958 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1896"/>
18959 <SYNONYM name="latus"/>
18961 <SPECIES name="utahensis" original="Arrhinoceratops">
18962 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1946"/>
18963 <SYNONYM name="latus"/>
18969 <P> <NOMEN name="Torosaurus"/> once had the largest known head of any land animal, with an
18970 eight-foot-long skull making up half its body length
18971 (excluding the tail). Recently, a <NOMEN name="Pentaceratops"/> skull was found with
18972 an even larger skull. </P>
18974 <P> <REFER page="http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/3404/"
18975 title="The Torosaurus Home Page"/> </P>
18979 <GENUS name="Torvosaurus" type="with">
18983 <LENGTH value="10"/>
18984 <LENGTH value="12"/>
18985 <MASS value="2000"/>
18986 <MASS value="5000" q="1"/>
18987 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
18988 <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
18989 <REMAINS content="skeletal elements"/>
18990 <SPECIES name="tanneri">
18991 <AUTHOR name="Galton, Jensen" year="1979"/>
18995 <GENUS name="Trachodon" type="with">
18999 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
19000 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
19001 <SPECIES name="mirabilis" status="dubium">
19002 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1856"/>
19003 <REMAINS content="dentary, tooth"/>
19004 <REMAINS content="maxilla" q="1"/>
19006 <SPECIES name="affinis">
19007 <SYNONYM name="Claosaurus affinis" status="objective"/>
19009 <SPECIES name="agilis">
19010 <SYNONYM name="Claosaurus agilis" status="objective"/>
19012 <SPECIES name="altidens" status="dubium">
19013 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
19014 <SYNONYM name="mirabilis"/>
19016 <SPECIES name="amurense">
19017 <SYNONYM name="Mandschurosaurus amurensis" status="objective"/>
19019 <SPECIES name="annectens">
19020 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens" status="objective"/>
19022 <SPECIES name="arctatus">
19023 <SYNONYM name="Cionodon arctatus" status="objective"/>
19025 <SPECIES name="atavus" status="dubium">
19026 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1871"/>
19027 <SYNONYM name="Thespesius occidentalis"/>
19029 <SPECIES name="breviceps">
19030 <SYNONYM name="Prosaurolophus breviceps" status="objective"/>
19032 <SPECIES name="calamarius">
19033 <SYNONYM name="Diclonius calamarius" status="objective"/>
19035 <SPECIES name="cantabrigiensis">
19036 <SYNONYM name="Telmatosaurus cantabrigiensis" status="objective"/>
19038 <SPECIES name="cavatus">
19039 <SYNONYM name="Hadrosaurus cavatus" status="objective"/>
19041 <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
19042 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus edmontonensis" status="objective"/>
19044 <SPECIES name="foulkii">
19045 <SYNONYM name="Hadrosaurus foulkii" status="objective"/>
19047 <SPECIES name="grallipes">
19048 <SYNONYM name="Pteropelyx grallipes" status="objective"/>
19050 <SPECIES name="imperfectus">
19051 <SYNONYM name="Sanpasaurus imperfectus" status="objective"/>
19053 <SPECIES name="kyzylkumensis">
19054 <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus kyzylkumensis" status="objective"/>
19056 <SPECIES name="longiceps">
19057 <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan longiceps" status="objective"/>
19059 <SPECIES name="longiceps2">
19060 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1897"/>
19061 <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan copei"/>
19066 <SPECIES name="marginatus">
19067 <SYNONYM name="Kritosaurus marginatus" status="objective"/>
19069 <SPECIES name="minor">
19070 <SYNONYM name="Hadrosaurus minor2" status="objective"/>
19072 <SPECIES name="occidentalis">
19073 <SYNONYM name="Thespesius occidentalis" status="objective"/>
19075 <SPECIES name="pentagonus">
19076 <SYNONYM name="Diclonius pentagonus" status="objective"/>
19078 <SPECIES name="perangulatus">
19079 <SYNONYM name="Diclonius perangulatus" status="objective"/>
19081 <SPECIES name="saskatchewanensis">
19082 <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis" status="objective"/>
19084 <SPECIES name="selwyni" status="dubium">
19085 <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
19086 <REMAINS content="dentary with teeth"/>
19088 <SPECIES name="stenopsis">
19089 <SYNONYM name="Thespesius stenopsis" status="objective"/>
19092 <P> One of the first American <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> to be named. Probably the
19093 same thing as another <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>.
19098 <GENUS name="Trialestes">
19099 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1982"/>
19100 <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
19102 <LINK content="Triassic"/> thief
19106 <GENUS name="Triassolestes">
19107 <AUTHOR name="Reig" year="1963"/>
19108 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Tillyard" year="1918"/>
19109 <SYNONYM name="Trialestes"/>
19111 <LINK content="Triassic"/> thief
19115 <GENUS name="Tribelesodon">
19116 <AUTHOR name="Basani" year="1886"/>
19117 <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
19120 <GENUS name="Triceratops" type="with">
19124 <LENGTH value="8"/>
19125 <LENGTH value="9"/>
19126 <MASS value="4500"/>
19127 <MASS value="8000"/>
19128 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
19129 <PLACE name="Wyoming, Montana, S. Dakota, Colorado, Alberta, Saskatchewan"/>
19130 <REMAINS content="around 50 skulls, many partial skeletons"/>
19131 <SPECIES name="horridus">
19132 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
19137 <SPECIES name="albertensis" status="dubium">
19138 <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1949"/>
19139 <REMAINS content="skull parts"/>
19144 <SPECIES name="alticornis" status="dubium" original="Bison">
19145 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1887"/>
19146 <REMAINS content="pair of brow horns"/>
19151 <SPECIES name="brevicornis">
19152 <AUTHOR name="Hatcher" year="1905"/>
19153 <SYNONYM name="prorsus"/>
19158 <SPECIES name="calicornus">
19159 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1898"/>
19160 <SYNONYM name="horridus"/>
19162 <SPECIES name="elatus">
19163 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1891"/>
19164 <SYNONYM name="horridus"/>
19166 <SPECIES name="eurycephalus" status="dubium">
19167 <AUTHOR name="Schlaikjer" year="1935"/>
19168 <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull including cheek and brow horns"/>
19170 <SPECIES name="flabellatus">
19171 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
19172 <SYNONYM name="horridus"/>
19174 <SPECIES name="galeus" status="dubium">
19175 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
19176 <REMAINS content="nose horn"/>
19178 <SPECIES name="hatcheri">
19179 <SYNONYM name="Diceratops hatcheri" status="objective"/>
19181 <SPECIES name="ingens" status="nudum">
19182 <AUTHOR name="Lull" year="1915"/>
19183 <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
19185 <SPECIES name="maximus" status="dubium">
19186 <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1933"/>
19187 <REMAINS content="8 vertebrae, 2 ribs"/>
19192 <SPECIES name="mortuarius">
19193 <SYNONYM name="Polyonax mortuarius" status="objective"/>
19195 <SPECIES name="obtusus">
19196 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1898"/>
19197 <SYNONYM name="horridus"/>
19202 <SPECIES name="prorsus">
19203 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
19205 <SPECIES name="serratus">
19206 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
19207 <SYNONYM name="horridus"/>
19212 <SPECIES name="sulcatus" status="dubium">
19213 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
19214 <REMAINS content="pair of brow horns"/>
19216 <SPECIES name="sylvestris">
19217 <SYNONYM name="Agathaumas sylvestris" status="objective"/>
19220 <P> <NOMEN name="Triceratops"/>, the largest <LINK content="ceratopsian"/>, was different from other
19221 <LINK content="ceratopsines"/> in having a short, completely solid frill
19222 (in contrast to the large "windows" in those of other ceratopsines,
19223 especially <NOMEN name="Chasmosaurus"/>). This 30-foot-long herbivore has often been
19224 portrayed in combat with its largest predator, <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus rex"/>.
19226 <NOMEN name="Triceratops prorsus"/> may be synonymous with <NOMEN name="T. horridus"/>.
19231 <GENUS name="Trimucrodon" type="with">
19233 triply-pointed tooth
19235 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
19236 <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
19237 <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
19238 <SPECIES name="cuneatus" status="dubium">
19239 <AUTHOR name="Thulborn" year="1973"/>
19243 <GENUS name="Tripriodon" type="with">
19244 <SPECIES name="caperatus" status="dubium">
19245 <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
19246 <PROPERTAXON name="Mammalia"/>
19247 <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
19251 <GENUS name="Triprotodon" status="dubium">
19252 <AUTHOR name="Chure, McIntosh" year="1989"/>
19256 <SPECIES name="caperatus">
19257 <SYNONYM name="Tripriodon caperatus" status="objective"/>
19261 <GENUS name="Troodon" type="with">
19262 <MISSPELLED name="Troödon"/>
19266 <LENGTH value="2"/>
19267 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
19269 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
19270 <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana, Wyoming"/>
19271 <SPECIES name="formosus">
19272 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1856"/>
19273 <REMAINS content="teeth, 20 skeletons, eggs with embryos"/>
19275 <SPECIES name="andrewsi">
19276 <SYNONYM name="Heptasteornis andrewsi" status="objective"/>
19278 <SPECIES name="asiamericanus">
19279 <SYNONYM name="Saurornithoides asiamericanus" status="objective"/>
19281 <SPECIES name="bakkeri" status="dubium" original="Pectinodon">
19282 <AUTHOR name="Carpenter" year="1982"/>
19283 <SYNONYM name="formosus"/>
19285 <LOW>Robert</LOW> Bakker's
19288 <SPECIES name="bexelli">
19289 <SYNONYM name="Tylocephale bexelli" status="objective"/>
19291 <SPECIES name="brevis">
19292 <SYNONYM name="Stegoceras brevis" status="objective"/>
19294 <SPECIES name="cristatus">
19295 <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus cristatus" status="objective"/>
19297 <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
19298 <SYNONYM name="Stegoceras edmontonense" status="objective"/>
19300 <SPECIES name="isfarensis">
19301 <SYNONYM name="Saurornithoides isfarensis" status="objective"/>
19303 <SPECIES name="minutus">
19304 <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus minutus" status="objective"/>
19306 <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
19307 <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1943"/>
19308 <SYNONYM name="Stegoceras validum"/>
19310 <LOW>Charles M.</LOW> Sternberg's
19313 <SPECIES name="validus">
19314 <SYNONYM name="Stegoceras validum" status="objective"/>
19316 <SPECIES name="wyomingensis">
19317 <SYNONYM name="Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis" status="objective"/>
19320 <P> The creature we know as <NOMEN name="Troodon"/> was once called <NOMEN name="Stenonychosaurus"/>. The
19321 genus <NOMEN name="Troodon"/> was first named (as <I>Troödon</I>) for some sharp teeth
19322 (one of the first American <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> to be named).
19323 These were mistakenly identified as those of (among other things) a
19324 monitor lizard, a <LINK content="pachycephalosaur"/> (<NOMEN name="Stegoceras"/>), and a
19325 carnivorous <LINK content="hypsilophodont"/>! They were later recognized
19326 as identical to those of the more complete <NOMEN name="Stenonychosaurus"/> specimens, so
19327 the younger name was dropped in favor of the older. </P>
19329 <P> Eggs formerly assigned to <NOMEN name="Orodromeus"/> have turned out to be <NOMEN name="Troodon"/>. Some have
19330 been found in dirt nests. </P>
19332 <P> <NOMEN name="Troodon bakkeri"/> may be a distinct species, or even genus (<NOMEN name="Pectinodon"/>). </P>
19336 <GENUS name="Tropeognathus" type="with">
19340 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
19341 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
19342 <SPECIES name="mesembrinus">
19343 <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1987"/>
19344 <MEANING>southern</MEANING>
19346 <SPECIES name="robustus">
19347 <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1987"/>
19348 <MEANING>robust</MEANING>
19352 <GENUS name="Tsagantegia" type="with">
19354 Tsagan Teg <LOW>one</LOW>
19357 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
19358 <REMAINS content="skull"/>
19359 <SPECIES name="longicranialis">
19360 <AUTHOR name="Tumanova" year="1993"/>
19367 <GENUS name="Tsintaosaurus" type="with">
19371 <LENGTH value="10"/>
19372 <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
19373 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
19374 <PLACE name="China"/>
19375 <REMAINS content="2 skulls, elements from at least 4 individuals"/>
19376 <SPECIES name="spinorhinus">
19377 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1958"/>
19382 <SPECIES name="chingkankouensis">
19383 <SYNONYM name="Tanius chingkankouensis" status="objective"/>
19385 <SPECIES name="laiyangensis">
19386 <AUTHOR name="Zhen" year="1976"/>
19387 <SYNONYM name="spinorhinus"/>
19390 <P> This "unicorn <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>" had a thin, hollow crest jutting
19391 forward. Some argued that the crest was an artifact of preservation
19392 (an altered snout bone), but another specimen was found with
19393 the same feature. </P>
19397 <GENUS name="Tsuchikurasaurus" status="unpublished">
19398 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
19401 <GENUS name="Tugulusaurus" type="with">
19403 Tugulo <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
19406 <PLACE name="China"/>
19407 <REMAINS content="hindlimb, rib, vertebral centrum"/>
19408 <SPECIES name="faciles" status="dubium">
19409 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1973"/>
19416 <GENUS name="Tuojiangosaurus" type="with">
19417 <MISSPELLED name="Tiejiangosaurus"/>
19418 <MISSPELLED name="Tuojiongosaurus"/>
19419 <MISSPELLED name="Tueojiangosaurus"/>
19423 <LENGTH value="7"/>
19424 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
19425 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
19426 <PLACE name="China"/>
19427 <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons"/>
19428 <SPECIES name="multispinus">
19429 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Li, Zhou, Zhang" year="1973"/>
19435 <P> Had fifteen pairs of triangular plates down the back and two pairs of
19436 spikes on the tail. The best-known Asian <LINK content="stegosaur"/>.
19441 <GENUS name="Tupuxuara" type="with">
19443 Tupuxuara <LOW>(a familiar spirit)</LOW>
19445 <LENGTH value="5.5"/>
19446 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
19447 <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
19448 <REMAINS content="nearly complete specimens, misc."/>
19449 <SPECIES name="leonardii">
19450 <AUTHOR name="Kellner, Campos" year="1988"/>
19452 <SPECIES name="longicristatus">
19453 <MEANING>long-crested</MEANING>
19457 <GENUS name="Turanoceratops" type="with">
19459 Turanian <LOW>Platform</LOW> horned face
19462 <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
19463 <REMAINS content="skull"/>
19464 <SPECIES name="tardabilis">
19465 <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Kaznyshkina" year="1989"/>
19468 <P> Could be the only Asian <LINK content="ceratopsid"/>, possibly a <LINK content="centrosaurine"/>.
19473 <GENUS name="Tylocephale" type="with">
19477 <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
19478 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
19479 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
19480 <SPECIES name="gilmorei">
19481 <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1974"/>
19482 <REMAINS content="incomplete skull"/>
19484 <SPECIES name="bexelli" status="dubium" original="Troodon">
19485 <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
19489 <GENUS name="Tylosteus" type="with">
19493 <SPECIES name="ornatus" status="oblitum">
19494 <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1872"/>
19495 <SYNONYM name="Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis"/>
19496 <MEANING>ornate</MEANING>
19500 <GENUS name="Tyrannosaurus" type="with">
19504 <SPECIES name="rex" status="conservandum">
19505 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1905"/>
19506 <LENGTH value="10"/>
19507 <LENGTH value="14"/>
19508 <MASS value="4500"/>
19509 <MASS value="7000"/>
19513 <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian"/>
19514 <PLACE name="Alberta, Saskatchewan, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, N. Dakota, S. Dakota, Wyoming"/>
19515 <PLACE name="Texas" q="1"/>
19516 <REMAINS type="holo" museum="CM" id="9380" content="skeleton lacking some neck vertebrae, forelimbs, most of tail"/>
19517 <REMAINS museum="CM" id="7541" content="nearly complete skull"/>
19518 <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="008" content="skull"/>
19519 <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="009" content="pelvis, hindlimb, skull"/>
19520 <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="555" content="skeleton" nickname="The Wankel Specimen"/>
19521 <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="559" content="back part of braincase"/>
19522 <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="980" content="skeleton"/>
19523 <REMAINS museum="U. of Notre Dame" content="dentaries, incomplete pelvis, etc." q="1" nickname="The Rigby Giant"/>
19524 <REMAINS museum="DIS" id="101" content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
19525 <REMAINS museum="Ill. State Geo. Survey" content="metatarsal"/>
19526 <REMAINS museum="private" content="partial skeleton" nickname="Mr. Zed"/>
19527 <REMAINS museum="Bowman College" content="fragmentary skeleton" nickname="Bowman"/>
19528 <REMAINS museum="Dakota Dinosaur Museum" content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
19529 <REMAINS museum="Royal Saskatchewan Museum" content="partial skeleton" nickname="Scottie"/>
19530 <REMAINS museum="Madison Museum, U. of Wis." content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
19531 <REMAINS museum="FMNH" id="PR2081" content="skeleton lacking tail tip, forelimb, foot"/>
19532 <REMAINS museum="UCMP" id="118742" content="maxilla"/>
19533 <REMAINS museum="UCMP" id="131583" content="maxilla, dentaries"/>
19534 <REMAINS museum="NMMNH" id="P-1013-1" content="fragmentary skull, chevron"/>
19535 <REMAINS museum="LACM" id="23844" content="skull material, etc.?"/>
19536 <REMAINS museum="LACM" id="23845" content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
19537 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5027" content="partial skeleton"/>
19538 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5117" content="braincase"/>
19539 <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5881" content="hindlimb"/>
19540 <REMAINS museum="RTMP" id="81.6.1" content="partial skeleton"/>
19541 <REMAINS museum="RTMP" id="81.12.1" content="postorbital, partial spine, hindlimbs"/>
19542 <REMAINS museum="RTMP" id="82.50.11" content="maxilla"/>
19543 <REMAINS museum="CMNH" id="1400" content="skull fragments, ribs, chevrons, ischia"/>
19544 <REMAINS museum="CMNH" id="9379" content="braincase"/>
19545 <REMAINS museum="CMNH" id="9380" content="partial skeleton"/>
19546 <REMAINS museum="DMNH" id="2827" content="partial hindlimb"/>
19547 <REMAINS museum="BHI" id="4100" content="partial skeleton"/>
19548 <REMAINS museum="BHI" content="fragmentary skeleton" nickname="Fox"/>
19549 <REMAINS museum="BHI" content="fragmentary skeleton" nickname="Steve"/>
19550 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="6183" content="hindlimb without foot"/>
19551 <REMAINS age="juvenile" museum="TMM" id="41436-1" content="left maxilla" q="1"/>
19552 <REMAINS museum="BHI" id="2033" synonym="stanwinstonorum"/>
19553 <REMAINS museum="BHI" id="3033" content="partial skeleton" synonym="stanwinstonorum"/>
19554 <REMAINS museum="SDSM" id="12047" content="partial skeleton" synonym="stanwinstonorum"/>
19555 <REMAINS museum="MMS" id="51-2004" content="front part of braincase" synonym="stanwinstonorum"/>
19556 <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="358563" synonym="stanwinstonorum"/>
19557 <REMAINS q="1" content="partial skeleton" age="subadult" synonym="Albertosaurus megagracilis"/>
19558 <REMAINS q="1" age="juvenile" museum="CMNH" id="7541" content="complete skull" synonym="Gorgosaurus lancensis"/>
19559 <REMAINS content="skeleton" age="juvenile" nickname="Tinker"/>
19561 <SPECIES name="amplus">
19562 <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon amplus" status="objective"/>
19564 <SPECIES name="bataar">
19565 <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1955"/>
19566 <LENGTH value="9"/>
19567 <LENGTH value="12"/>
19568 <MASS value="4000"/>
19569 <MASS value="5000"/>
19570 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
19571 <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
19575 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="551-1" content="skeleton lacking forelimb" type="holo"/>
19576 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="551-2" content="complete skeleton"/>
19577 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="551-3" content="skull"/>
19578 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="551-4" content="partial skeleton"/>
19579 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="551-6" content="partial scapulocoracoid"/>
19580 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="551-91" content="partial snout"/>
19581 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="552-1" content="partial skeleton"/>
19582 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="552-1" content="partial skeleton"/>
19583 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="552-2" content="partial skeleton"/>
19584 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="552-4" content="partial skeleton"/>
19585 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="553-1" content="skull, fragmentary postcranium"/>
19586 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="553-2" content="partial skeleton"/>
19587 <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="553-5" content="partial skeleton"/>
19588 <REMAINS museum="ZPAL" id="MgD-I/3" content="skeleton" age="juvenile"/>
19589 <REMAINS museum="GIM SPS" id="100/59" content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
19590 <REMAINS museum="NSM" content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
19591 <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="V836" content="fragmentary scapula"/>
19592 <REMAINS q="1" age="juvenile" museum="PIN" id="552-2" content="partial skeleton" synonym="Gorgosaurus novojilovi"/>
19593 <REMAINS q="1" museum="NIGP" id="V4733" synonym="luanchuanensis" content="tooth"/>
19594 <REMAINS q="1" content="tooth" synonym="lanpingensis"/>
19596 <SPECIES name="efremovi" original="Tarbosaurus">
19597 <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1955"/>
19599 <LOW>I. A.</LOW> Efremov's
19601 <LENGTH value="7"/>
19602 <LENGTH value="8"/>
19603 <MASS value="2000"/>
19604 <MASS value="3000"/>
19605 <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
19606 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
19607 <REMAINS museum="PEN AN SSR" id="551-3" content="partial skeleton" type="holo"/>
19608 <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
19610 <SPECIES name="gigantus" status="nudum">
19611 <AUTHOR year="1990"/>
19612 <SYNONYM name="rex"/>
19613 <MEANING>gigantic</MEANING>
19615 <SPECIES name="imperiosus">
19616 <SYNONYM name="Dynamosaurus imperiosus" status="objective"/>
19618 <SPECIES name="lancensis">
19619 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancensis" status="objective"/>
19620 <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1946"/>
19622 from <LOW>the</LOW> Lance <LOW>Formation</LOW>
19625 <SPECIES name="lancinator">
19626 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancinator" status="objective"/>
19628 <SPECIES name="lanpingensis" status="dubium">
19629 <AUTHOR name="Yeh" year="1975"/>
19630 <SYNONYM name="bataar" q="1"/>
19632 <SPECIES name="lanpingi" status="dubium">
19633 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1986"/>
19634 <SYNONYM name="lanpingensis"/>
19636 <SPECIES name="luanchuanensis" status="dubium">
19637 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1979"/>
19638 <SYNONYM name="bataar" q="1"/>
19640 <SPECIES name="megagracilis">
19641 <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus megagracilis" status="objective"/>
19643 <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
19644 <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus novojilovi" status="objective"/>
19646 <SPECIES name="stanwinstonorum" status="nudum">
19647 <AUTHOR name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
19648 <SYNONYM name="rex"/>
19650 <SPECIES name="torosus">
19651 <SYNONYM name="Daspletosaurus torosus" status="objective"/>
19653 <SPECIES name="turpanensis">
19654 <AUTHOR name="Zhai, Zheng, Tong" year="1978"/>
19655 <SYNONYM name="bataar"/>
19658 <P> <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus rex"/>, possibly the most popular <LINK
19659 content="dinosaur"/> ever, was for a long time the largest known
19660 terrestrial predator. But new discoveries of <LINK
19661 content="carcharodontosaurines"/> have recently ousted the "king of the
19662 tyrant lizards" from its title. But there still remains the possibility
19663 that an even larger <NOMEN name="T. rex"/> specimen may be found some day.
19664 And it <U>was</U> the largest known predator of its time, at the end of
19665 the Mesozoic Era.</P>
19667 <P> The most complete <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus"/> skeleton, a female(?)
19668 <NOMEN name="T. rex"/> (=<NOMEN name="T. stanwinstonorum"/>) nicknamed "Sue",
19669 was recently sold for over $7 million by Sotheby's to corporate benefactors
19670 on behalf of the Chicago Field Museum. </P>
19672 <P header="Odd Remains"> Recently an enormous coprolite (fossilized piece of dung) from
19673 Saskatchewan was referred to <NOMEN name="T. rex"/>. At 43cm in length and
19674 2.4L in volume, this is the largest known coprolite from a carnivore. Tiny,
19675 well-crushed bone fragments indicate that the meal was a small subadult
19676 <LINK content="ornithischian"/>. </P>
19678 <P> Eggs tentatively assigned to <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/> may belong
19679 to an Asian species of <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus"/>. </P>
19681 <P header="Classification"> The various species included here in <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus"/> are
19682 sometimes placed in other genera. <NOMEN name="T. efremovi"/> was originally
19683 <NOMEN name="Tarbosaurus"/>, and sometimes <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus bataar"/> is also
19684 included in that genus. Others put <NOMEN name="T. bataar"/> into its
19685 own genus, <NOMEN name="Jenghizkhan"/>. Still others consider
19686 <NOMEN name="T. efremovi"/> to be the subadult stage of
19687 <NOMEN name="T. bataar"/>. </P>
19689 <P> <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus novojilovi"/> and <NOMEN name="T. lancensis"/>
19690 were thought by some to be pygmy <LINK content="tyrannosaurins"/>,
19691 and were accorded their own genera (<NOMEN name="Maleevosaurus"/> and
19692 <NOMEN name="Nanotyrannus"/>, respectively). But they seem instead to
19693 be juveniles. <NOMEN name="T. novojilovi"/> likely belongs to
19694 <NOMEN name="T. bataar"/> or <NOMEN name="T. efremovi"/>, and
19695 <NOMEN name="T. lancensis"/> likely belongs to <NOMEN name="T. rex"/>.
19696 <NOMEN name="T. megagracilis"/> also likely belongs to <NOMEN name="T. rex"/>,
19697 representing the subadult stage. It is sometimes placed in
19698 <NOMEN name="Dinotyrannus"/>. </P>
19700 <P> <NOMEN name="T. luanchuanensis"/> and <NOMEN name="T. lanpingensis"/>,
19701 both dubious tooth taxa, probably belong to either <NOMEN name="T. bataar"/>
19702 or <NOMEN name="T. efremovi"/>. </P>
19706 <GENUS name="Tyreophorus" status="nudum">
19707 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
19709 <P> A misspelling of <LINK content="Thyreophora"/>, in reference
19710 to indeterminate <LINK content="ankylosaurian"/> material. </P>
19714 <GENUS name="Udanoceratops" type="with">
19716 Udan<LOW>-Sayr</LOW> horned face
19718 <LENGTH value="4.5" q="1"/>
19719 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
19720 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
19721 <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
19722 <REMAINS content="skull (missing frill), partial pelvis, scapula, coracoid, fragments"/>
19723 <SPECIES name="tschizhovi">
19724 <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov" year="1992"/>
19727 <P> The largest bipedal <LINK content="ceratopsian"/>. Its jaw was very deep.
19732 <GENUS name="Ugrosaurus" type="with">
19733 <MEANING>ugly lizard</MEANING>
19734 <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
19735 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
19736 <REMAINS content="partial premaxilla, nose horn, fragments"/>
19737 <SPECIES name="olsoni" status="dubium">
19738 <AUTHOR name="Cobabe, Fastovsky" year="1986"/>
19741 <P> May belong to <NOMEN name="Triceratops"/>. </P>
19745 <GENUS name="Uintasaurus" type="with">
19747 Uinta <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
19749 <SPECIES name="douglassi">
19750 <AUTHOR name="Holland" year="1919"/>
19751 <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus lentus"/>
19755 <GENUS name="Ultrasauros">
19756 <AUTHOR name="Jensen"/>
19757 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
19761 <SPECIES name="macintoshi" original="Ultrasaurus2">
19762 <AUTHOR name="Jensen" year="1985"/>
19763 <SYNONYM name="Supersaurus vivianae"/>
19764 <SYNONYM name="Brachiosaurus altithorax"/>
19768 <GENUS name="Ultrasaurus" type="with">
19773 <PLACE name="S. Korea"/>
19774 <REMAINS content="partial femur, etc."/>
19775 <SPECIES name="tabriensis" status="dubium">
19776 <AUTHOR name="Kim" year="1983"/>
19779 <P> This animal was once thought to be a huge <LINK content="sauropod"/>, and
19780 described as a species of Ultrasaurus, a huge North American
19781 sauropod. Unfortunately, Ultrasaurus macintoshi was not officially described
19782 at that time, so this Korean species accidentally became
19783 the type species of <NOMEN name="Ultrasaurus"/>. The name of the North American species was
19784 changed to <NOMEN name="Ultrasauros macintoshi"/>. </P>
19786 <P> The "humerus" of this animal turned out to be a femur, so it was not as large
19787 as originally thought.
19792 <GENUS name="Ultrasaurus2" type="with">
19793 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Kim" year="1983"/>
19794 <SPECIES name="macintoshi">
19795 <SYNONYM name="Ultrasauros macintoshi" status="objective"/>
19799 <GENUS name="Umarsaurus" status="nudum">
19800 <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1981"/>
19801 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Olshevsky" year="1992"/>
19802 <SYNONYM name="Barsboldia"/>
19805 <GENUS name="Unenlagia" type="with">
19809 <LENGTH value="2"/>
19810 <LENGTH value="3"/>
19811 <TIME value="Turonian"/>
19812 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
19813 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
19814 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
19815 <SPECIES name="comahuensis">
19816 <AUTHOR name="Novas" year="1997"/>
19818 from <LOW>the</LOW> Comahue <LOW>Formation</LOW>
19822 <P> One of the closest non-<LINK content="avian"/> <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> to
19823 <LINK content="birds"/>, this South American creature had a back-turned pubis,
19824 like <LINK content="dromaeosaurids"/> and birds. It also had a shoulder joint
19825 that would allow flapping. <NOMEN name="Unenlagia"/> itself was too big to fly, so it was
19826 probably secondarily flightless, like modern-day
19827 <LINK content="ratites"/>. </P>
19829 <P> It was found in the same area as the larger <NOMEN name="Megaraptor"/>. It has been
19830 suggested that they could be the same, <NOMEN name="Unenlagia"/> being the
19831 juvenile or subadult form.
19836 <GENUS name="Unicerosaurus" status="nudum">
19837 <AUTHOR name="Baugh"/>
19838 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Armstrong" year="1987"/>
19839 <PROPERTAXON name="Gnathostomata" incertae="1"/>
19840 <MEANING>one horn lizard</MEANING>
19843 <GENUS name="Unquillosaurus" type="with">
19845 Unquillo <LOW>River</LOW> lizard
19847 <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
19848 <LENGTH value="4" q="1"/>
19849 <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
19850 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
19851 <REMAINS content="pubis"/>
19852 <SPECIES name="ceibalii">
19853 <AUTHOR name="J. E. Powell" year="1979"/>
19856 <P> Originally claimed to be a giant, 35 feet (11m) in length. </P>
19858 <P> May be the same as <NOMEN name="Unenlagia"/>. </P>
19862 <GENUS name="Utahraptor" type="with">
19866 <LENGTH value="5"/>
19867 <LENGTH value="7"/>
19868 <MASS value="1000"/>
19869 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
19870 <PLACE name="Utah"/>
19871 <REMAINS content="claws (hand & foot), tibia, lachrymal, premaxilla, tail vertebrae"/>
19872 <SPECIES name="ostrommaysorum">
19873 <AUTHOR name="Kirkland, Gaston, Burge" year="1993"/>
19875 <LOW>John</LOW> Ostrom and Mays'
19878 <SPECIES name="spielbergi" status="nudum">
19879 <AUTHOR name="Bonar, Lassieur, McCafferty, Voci"/>
19880 <SYNONYM name="ostrommaysorum"/>
19882 <LOW>Steven</LOW> Spielberg's
19886 <P> The largest definite <LINK content="dromaeosaurid"/>.
19891 <GENUS name="Valdoraptor">
19892 <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
19894 Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW> raider
19896 <LENGTH value="5" q="1"/>
19897 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
19898 <PLACE name="England"/>
19899 <REMAINS content="metatarsi"/>
19900 <SPECIES name="oweni" original="Megalosaurus">
19901 <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
19903 <LOW>Sir Richard</LOW> Owen's
19908 <GENUS name="Valdosaurus">
19909 <MISSPELLED name="Baldosaurus"/>
19910 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1977"/>
19912 Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
19914 <LENGTH value="3"/>
19915 <TIME value="Berriasian"/>
19916 <TIME value="Albian"/>
19917 <SPECIES name="canaliculatus" original="Dryosaurus">
19918 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1975"/>
19919 <PLACE name="England, Romania"/>
19920 <REMAINS content="dentary, teeth, postcranial elements (including femora)"/>
19922 <SPECIES name="dextrapoda" status="nudum">
19923 <AUTHOR name="Blows" year="1998"/>
19924 <PLACE name="England"/>
19926 <SPECIES name="nigeriensis">
19927 <AUTHOR name="Galton, Taquet" year="1982"/>
19928 <PLACE name="Niger"/>
19929 <REMAINS content="femora"/>
19930 <MEANING>from Niger</MEANING>
19934 <GENUS name="Variraptor" type="with">
19936 Var <LOW>Department</LOW> raider
19938 <LENGTH value="3"/>
19940 <TIME value="Campanian" section="late"/>
19941 <TIME value="Maastrichtian" section="early"/>
19942 <PLACE name="France"/>
19943 <REMAINS museum="MDE"/>
19944 <SPECIES name="mechinorum" status="dubiumQ">
19945 <AUTHOR name="Le Loeuff, Buffetaut" year="1998"/>
19946 <MEANING><LOW>Anne and Patrick</LOW> Mechin's</MEANING>
19950 <GENUS name="Vectensia" status="nudum">
19951 <AUTHOR name="Delair" year="1982"/>
19952 <SYNONYM name="Polacanthus foxii"/>
19955 <GENUS name="Vectisaurus" type="with">
19956 <SPECIES name="valdensis">
19957 <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1879"/>
19958 <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon atherfieldensis"/>
19960 from <LOW>the</LOW> Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW>
19965 <GENUS name="Velocipes" type="with">
19969 <TIME value="Carnian"/>
19970 <PLACE name="Germany"/>
19971 <REMAINS content="partial bone (fibula?)"/>
19972 <SPECIES name="guerichi" status="dubium">
19973 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
19977 <GENUS name="Velociraptor" type="with">
19981 <LENGTH value="2"/>
19984 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
19985 <PLACE name="Mongolia, China"/>
19986 <PLACE name="Russia" q="1"/>
19987 <REMAINS content="skeletons (adult & juvenile)"/>
19988 <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
19989 <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
19994 <SPECIES name="antirrhopus">
19995 <SYNONYM name="Deinonychus antirrhopus" status="objective"/>
19997 <SPECIES name="langstoni">
19998 <SYNONYM name="Saurornitholestes langstoni" status="objective"/>
20000 <SPECIES name="sp.">
20001 <SYNONYM name="Bambiraptor feinbergorum"/>
20005 <GENUS name="Velocisaurus" type="with">
20009 <LENGTH value="1"/>
20010 <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
20011 <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
20012 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
20013 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
20014 <REMAINS content="tibia, astragalus, foot"/>
20015 <SPECIES name="unicus">
20016 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1991"/>
20019 <P>This animal's middle metatarsal was greatly enlargened, while the outer ones
20020 were reduced. This was probably an adaptation for running, opposite to
20021 that of many running <LINK content="coelurosaurs"/> (whose outer metatarsals
20022 became stronger, greatly reducing the inner one).</P>
20026 <GENUS name="Venaticosuchus">
20027 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1971"/>
20028 <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauromorpha"/>
20031 <GENUS name="Volkheimeria" type="with">
20033 <LOW>Wolfgang</LOW> Volkheimer's <LOW>one</LOW>
20035 <LENGTH value="9"/>
20036 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
20037 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
20038 <REMAINS content="back vertebrae, pelvis, hindlimb"/>
20039 <SPECIES name="chubutensis">
20040 <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1979"/>
20042 from Chubut <LOW>Province</LOW>
20046 <P> Sometimes considered a <LINK content="brachiosaurid"/>.
20051 <GENUS name="Vorona" type="with">
20056 <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
20057 <REMAINS content="hindlimbs"/>
20058 <SPECIES name="berivotrensis">
20059 <AUTHOR name="Forster, Chiappe, Krause, Sampson" year="1996"/>
20062 <P> Possessed a "switchblade" foot claw, like those of <LINK content="deinonychosaurs"/>
20063 and other basal <LINK content="paravians"/>.
20068 <GENUS name="Vulcanodon" type="with">
20072 <LENGTH value="6.5"/>
20073 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
20074 <PLACE name="Zimbabwe"/>
20075 <REMAINS content="partial skeleton, scapula"/>
20076 <SPECIES name="karibaensis">
20077 <AUTHOR name="Raath" year="1972"/>
20080 <P> The teeth (found in rock of volcanic origin) which this genus was named
20081 after actually came from a predator that may have eaten it.
20082 <NOMEN name="Vulcanodon"/> was similar to "<LINK content="prosauropods"/>", but probably the
20083 earliest <LINK content="sauropod"/>.
20088 <GENUS name="Wakinosaurus" type="with">
20090 Wakino <LOW>Subgroup</LOW> lizard
20092 <TIME value="Berriasian"/>
20093 <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
20094 <PLACE name="Japan"/>
20095 <REMAINS content="incomplete tooth"/>
20096 <SPECIES name="satoi" status="dubium">
20097 <AUTHOR name="Okazaki" year="1992"/>
20100 <P>Proposed as a <LINK content="carnosaur"/>, but, hey, it's just a tooth
20101 (an incomplete one at that). It could be anything.</P>
20105 <GENUS name="Walgettosuchus" type="with">
20109 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
20110 <PLACE name="Australia"/>
20111 <REMAINS content="tail vertebra"/>
20112 <SPECIES name="woodwardi" status="dubium">
20113 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
20117 <GENUS name="Walkeria" type="with">
20118 <AUTHOR type="first" name="Fleming" year="1823"/>
20120 <LOW>Alick</LOW> Walker's <LOW>one</LOW>
20122 <SPECIES name="maleriensis">
20123 <SYNONYM name="Alwalkeria maleriensis" status="objective"/>
20127 <GENUS name="Walkersaurus" status="nudum">
20128 <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
20129 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
20130 <MEANING>Walker's lizard</MEANING>
20131 <MASS value="300" q="1"/>
20132 <PLACE name="England"/>
20133 <REMAINS content="snout fragments, teeth"/>
20134 <SPECIES name="hesperis" original="Megalosaurus">
20135 <AUTHOR name="Waldman" year="1974"/>
20136 <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
20137 <MEANING>western</MEANING>
20141 <GENUS name="Wannanosaurus" type="with">
20145 <LENGTH value="0.6"/>
20146 <TIME value="Campanian"/>
20147 <PLACE name="China"/>
20148 <REMAINS content="partial skull roof, mandible, postcranial fragments"/>
20149 <SPECIES name="yansiensis">
20150 <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1977"/>
20154 <GENUS name="Wuerhosaurus" type="with">
20158 <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
20159 <TIME value="Albian"/>
20160 <PLACE name="China"/>
20161 <SPECIES name="homheni">
20162 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1973"/>
20163 <LENGTH value="6"/>
20164 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium, 3 tail vertebrae"/>
20166 <SPECIES name="ordosensis">
20167 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1993"/>
20168 <LENGTH value="4.5"/>
20169 <REMAINS content="partial postcranium without limbs"/>
20172 <P> The last of the <LINK content="stegosaurs"/>.
20177 <GENUS name="Wyleyia" type="with">
20179 <LOW>J. F.</LOW> Wyley's <LOW>one</LOW>
20181 <LENGTH value="0.5" q="1"/>
20182 <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
20183 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
20184 <PLACE name="England"/>
20185 <REMAINS content="partial humerus"/>
20186 <SPECIES name="valdensis" status="dubium">
20187 <AUTHOR name="Harrison, C. A. Walker" year="1973"/>
20189 from <LOW>the</LOW> Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW>
20194 <GENUS name="Wyomingopteryx" status="nudum">
20195 <AUTHOR name="Bakker" year="1994"/>
20199 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
20200 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
20201 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
20204 <GENUS name="Wyomingraptor" status="nudum">
20205 <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1997"/>
20209 <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
20211 <P>Based on material assigned to <NOMEN name="Allosaurus"/>, to be
20212 re-described by Robert Bakker.</P>
20216 <GENUS name="Xenotarsosaurus" type="with">
20218 strange ankle lizard
20220 <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
20221 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
20222 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, leg elements"/>
20223 <SPECIES name="bonapartei">
20224 <AUTHOR name="Martínez, Giminez, Rodriguez, Bochatey" year="1986"/>
20226 <LOW>José</LOW> Bonaparte's
20231 <GENUS name="Xiaosaurus" type="with">
20235 <LENGTH value="1"/>
20236 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
20237 <PLACE name="China"/>
20238 <REMAINS content="teeth, partial mandible, postcranial material"/>
20239 <SPECIES name="dashanpensis" status="dubium">
20240 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Tang" year="1983"/>
20242 <SPECIES name="multidens">
20243 <SYNONYM name="Yandusaurus multidens" status="objective"/>
20246 <P> Probably either a basal <LINK content="ornithischian"/> or a primitive
20247 <LINK content="ornithopod"/>.
20252 <GENUS name="Xuanhanosaurus" type="with">
20254 Xuanhan <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
20256 <LENGTH value="6"/>
20257 <MASS value="250" q="1"/>
20258 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
20259 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
20260 <PLACE name="China"/>
20261 <REMAINS content="vertebrae, scapulae, forelimbs"/>
20262 <SPECIES name="qilixiaensis">
20263 <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1984"/>
20267 <GENUS name="Xuanhuasaurus" type="with">
20269 Xuanhan <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
20272 <PLACE name="China"/>
20273 <SPECIES name="niei" status="nudum">
20274 <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1986"/>
20277 <P> Possibly a relative of <NOMEN name="Chaoyangsaurus"/>.</P>
20281 <GENUS name="Yaleosaurus">
20282 <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
20284 Yale <LOW>University</LOW> lizard
20286 <SPECIES name="colurus">
20287 <SYNONYM name="Anchisaurus colurus" status="objective"/>
20291 <GENUS name="Yandangornis" type="with">
20292 <TIME value="Santonian"/>
20293 <PLACE name="China"/>
20294 <LENGTH value=".6"/>
20295 <MEANING>Yandang <LOW>Mountains</LOW> bird</MEANING>
20296 <REMAINS museum="ZMNH" id="M1326" type="holo" content="nearly complete skeleton (missing parts of forelimbs, skull, and tail)"/>
20297 <SPECIES name="longicaudus">
20298 <MEANING>long-tailed</MEANING>
20299 <AUTHOR name="Cai, Zhao" year="1999"/>
20301 <ESSAY><P>Classified as a <LINK content="bird"/> by its authors, but may
20302 not be. If it is an <LINK content="avian"/>, it is the only one known to
20303 combine a long tail (at least 20 vertebrae; <I>sans</I> pygostyle; about
20304 half total length) and a lack of teeth (in the premaxilla, at least). The
20305 holotype was found in association with the <LINK content="pterosaur"/>
20306 <NOMEN name="Zhejiangopterus"/>.</P></ESSAY>
20309 <GENUS name="Yandusaurus" type="with">
20311 Yandu <LOW>(=Zigong)</LOW> lizard
20313 <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
20314 <TIME value="Callovian"/>
20315 <PLACE name="China"/>
20316 <REMAINS content="2 nearly complete skeletons"/>
20317 <SPECIES name="hongheensis">
20318 <AUTHOR name="He" year="1979"/>
20320 <SPECIES name="multidens">
20321 <AUTHOR name="He, Cai" year="1983"/>
20322 <PROPERTAXON name="Othnieliidae"/>
20323 <REMAINS museum="T" id="6001" content="incomplete skeleton" type="holo"/>
20326 <P> <NOMEN name="Yandusaurus multidens"/> seems to be a different type of <LINK content="ornithopod"/>
20327 than the type species, and will be given a new generic name.
20332 <GENUS name="Yangchuanosaurus" type="with">
20334 Yang-chu'an <LOW>District</LOW> lizard
20336 <LENGTH value="10"/>
20337 <LENGTH value="11"/>
20338 <MASS value="3500"/>
20339 <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
20340 <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
20341 <PLACE name="China"/>
20342 <SPECIES name="shangyouensis">
20343 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Chang, Li, Zhou" year="1978"/>
20344 <REMAINS content="skeleton without forelimbs, feet, or end of tail"/>
20346 <SPECIES name="hepingensis">
20347 <SYNONYM name="Sinraptor hepingensis" status="objective"/>
20349 <SPECIES name="longqiaoensis" status="nudum">
20350 <AUTHOR name="Li, Zhang, Cai" year="1999"/>
20352 <SPECIES name="magnus">
20353 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
20354 <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae, pelvis, femur"/>
20359 <SPECIES name="yandonensis" original="Szechuanosaurus">
20360 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Chang, Li, Zhou" year="1978"/>
20364 <GENUS name="Yaverlandia" type="with">
20366 Yaverland <LOW>Point (on the Isle of Wight) one</LOW>
20368 <LENGTH value="1"/>
20369 <TIME value="Barremian"/>
20370 <PLACE name="England"/>
20371 <REMAINS content="skull fragment"/>
20372 <SPECIES name="bitholus">
20373 <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1971"/>
20379 <P> Usually considered a very primitive <LINK content="pachycephalosaur"/>, although
20380 one recent study suggests that it is more advanced, despite its early
20386 <GENUS name="Yezosaurus">
20387 <AUTHOR name="Obata, Muramoto" year="1977"/>
20388 <PROPERTAXON name="Diapsida" incertae="1"/>
20391 <GENUS name="Yimenosaurus" type="with">
20392 <PLACE name="China"/>
20393 <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae, limb elements, etc."/>
20394 <SPECIES name="youngi">
20395 <AUTHOR name="Bai" year="1990"/>
20396 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Bai, Yang, Wang" year="1990"/>
20400 <GENUS name="Yingshanosaurus" type="with">
20401 <MISSPELLED name="Yinshanosaurus"/>
20402 <MISSPELLED name="Yunshanosaurus"/>
20407 <PLACE name="China"/>
20408 <SPECIES name="jichuanensis" status="nudum">
20409 <AUTHOR name="Zhou" year="1984"/>
20412 <P> Had broad spikes on its shoulders.
20417 <GENUS name="Yubasaurus" status="nudum">
20418 <AUTHOR name="He" year="1975"/>
20419 <SYNONYM name="Yandusaurus"/>
20422 <GENUS name="Yungavolucris" type="with">
20423 <SPECIES name="bretincola">
20424 <AUTHOR name="Chiappe" year="1993"/>
20430 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
20433 <GENUS name="Yunnanosaurus" type="with">
20434 <MISSPELLED name="Yünnanosaurus"/>
20436 Yunnan <LOW>Province</LOW> lizard
20438 <LENGTH value="7"/>
20439 <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
20440 <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
20441 <PLACE name="China"/>
20442 <REMAINS content="20 skeletons (some complete, some juvenile), 2 skulls"/>
20443 <SPECIES name="huangi">
20444 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1942"/>
20446 <SPECIES name="robustus">
20447 <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1951"/>
20448 <SYNONYM name="huangi"/>
20454 <P>A <LINK content="sauropod"/>-like maxilla assigned to this genus
20455 is now thought to actually be from a sauropod.</P>
20459 <GENUS name="Zanclodon" type="with">
20460 <SPECIES name="laevis" status="dubium">
20461 <AUTHOR name="Plieninger" year="1846"/>
20462 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
20467 <SPECIES name="bavaricus" status="dubium">
20468 <AUTHOR name="Sandberger" year="1894"/>
20469 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
20474 <SPECIES name="cambrensis">
20475 <SYNONYM name="Newtonsaurus cambrensis" status="objective"/>
20477 <SPECIES name="plieningeri">
20478 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus plieningeri" status="objective"/>
20480 <SPECIES name="quenstedti">
20481 <AUTHOR name="Koken" year="1900"/>
20482 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
20484 <SPECIES name="schutzii" status="dubium">
20485 <AUTHOR name="E. Fraas" year="1900"/>
20486 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
20488 <SPECIES name="sileiacus" status="dubium">
20489 <AUTHOR name="Jaekel" year="1910"/>
20490 <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
20494 <GENUS name="Zapsalis" type="with">
20498 <SPECIES name="abradens" status="dubium">
20499 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
20500 <SYNONYM name="Paronychodon lacustris"/>
20504 <GENUS name="Zatomus" type="with">
20505 <SPECIES name="sarcophagus" status="dubium">
20506 <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1871"/>
20507 <PROPERTAXON name="Reptilia" incertae="1"/>
20508 <MEANING>flesh-eating</MEANING>
20512 <GENUS name="Zephyrosaurus" type="with">
20514 Zephyr's <LOW>(god of the west wind)</LOW> lizard
20516 <LENGTH value="1.8"/>
20517 <TIME value="Aptian"/>
20518 <PLACE name="Montana"/>
20519 <REMAINS content="partial skull, vertebrae"/>
20520 <SPECIES name="schaffi">
20521 <AUTHOR name="Sues" year="1980"/>
20525 <GENUS name="Zhejiangopterus" type="with">
20527 Zhejiang <LOW>Province</LOW> wing
20529 <LENGTH value="5"/>
20530 <TIME section="early-middle" value="LK"/>
20531 <PLACE name="China"/>
20532 <REMAINS content="four specimens"/>
20533 <SPECIES name="linhaiensis">
20534 <AUTHOR name="Cai, Feng" year="1994"/>
20538 <GENUS name="Zhyraornis" type="with">
20539 <SPECIES name="kashkarovi">
20540 <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1984"/>
20543 Dzhyra<LOW>kuduk waterwell</LOW> bird
20546 <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
20549 <GENUS name="Zigongosaurus" type="with">
20553 <SPECIES name="fuxiensis">
20554 <SYNONYM name="Mamenchisaurus fuxiensis" status="objective"/>
20558 <GENUS name="Zizhongosaurus" type="with">
20562 <LENGTH value="9"/>
20563 <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
20564 <PLACE name="China"/>
20565 <REMAINS content="back vertebrae, pubis, humerus"/>
20566 <SPECIES name="chuanchengensis">
20567 <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
20569 <SPECIES name="huangshibanensis" status="nudum">
20570 <AUTHOR name="Li"/>
20571 <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Li, Zhang, Cai" year="1999"/>
20575 <GENUS name="Zuniceratops" type="with">
20576 <MEANING>Zuni <LOW>(North American tribe)</LOW> horned face</MEANING>
20577 <LENGTH value="3"/>
20578 <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
20579 <MASS value="200"/>
20580 <MASS value="250"/>
20581 <TIME section="middle" value="Turonian"/>
20582 <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
20583 <SPECIES name="christopheri">
20584 <MEANING>Christopher's <LOW>(the discoverer)</LOW></MEANING>
20585 <AUTHOR name="Wolfe, Kirkland" year="1998"/>
20588 <P> The first known <LINK content="ceratopsian"/> with brow horns, and the
20589 oldest named American ceratopsian. </P>
20593 <GENUS name="Zupaysaurus" status="unpublished">
20594 <MEANING>devil lizard</MEANING>
20595 <TIME value="LTr"/>
20596 <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
20597 <REMAINS content="partial vertebra, pelvic bones, shoulder bones, complete skull, etc."/>
20599 <P>If you were really bored and felt like going through the whole Genus List
20600 alphabetically one by one, you can stop now. (Or, if you're going backwards,
20601 quit now; you'll never make it). </P>