--- /dev/null
+<GENUS name="Aachenosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Aachen lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="multidens">
+ <AUTHOR name="Smets" year="1888"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON nonanimal="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>Actually a piece of petrified wood.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Abelisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Abel's lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6.5" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="1500" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull lacking tip of snout, much of jaws, & parts of roof" museum="MC" id="11098" type="holo"/>
+ <SPECIES name="comahuensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Novas" year="1985"/>
+ <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Comahue <LOW>Formation</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Known only from a partial skull, 80cm long. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Abrictosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hopson" year="1975"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ awake lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Lesotho, S. Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="UCL" id="B54" content="partial skeleton" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="UCL" id="A.100" content="partial skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="consors" original="Lycorhinus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Thulborn" year="1974"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Hopson" year="1975"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Suggested as the female(?) form of another <LINK content="heterodontosaurid"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Abrosaurus" type="with">
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dongpoensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ouyang" year="1989"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" content="specimen including skull"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gigantorhinus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ouyang" year="1986"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Zhang, Chen" year="1996"/>
+ <MEANING>giant-snouted</MEANING>
+ <SYNONYM name="dongpoensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>Two different species names have been used in conjunction with the
+same type material. <NOMEN name="A. gigantorhinus"/> was used first, but
+in a dissertation, and hence was not a valid name by ICZN rules. The
+first version of the name to be published in accord with ICZN rules
+was <NOMEN name="A. dongpoensis"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Acanthopholis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>spine scute</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <LENGTH value="5.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <SPECIES name="horrida" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1867"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth, postcranial elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="eucercus" status="dubium">
+ <MEANING>well-tailored</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="55551" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="55552" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="55553" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="55554" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="55555" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="55556" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hughesii" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Pereda-Superbiola, Barrett" year="1998"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="B55463-55490" content="dorsal vertebrae, 7 caudal vertebrae, transverse process, 3 phalanges, 7 dermal plates, ?4 metapodials"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="keepingi" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Pereda-Superbiola, Barrett" year="1998"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="SMC" id="B55491-55526" content="dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, 3 transverse processes, 13 dermal plates, ?rib, ?chevron, ?metatarsal, ?2 phalanges, ?fragmentary ilium, ?2 indeterminate bones"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="macrocercus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="SMC" content="19 cervical, dorsal, sacral, & caudal vertebrae"/>
+ <REMAINS content="osteoderms"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="platypus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
+ <MEANING>flat-footed</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="caudal centra, phalanx"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stereocercus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
+ <REMAINS content="caudal vertebrae, dermal spine"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY><P>Much <LINK content="iguanodont"/> material has mistakenly been
+ assigned to various members of this genus.</P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Achelousaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Achelosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>Acheloos' lizard"</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="485" content="incomplete skull" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="591" content="partial skull, nearly complete spine, pelvis, ?femur" age="subadult"/>
+ <SPECIES name="horneri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sampson" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>John</LOW> Horner's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Achelousaurus"/> was an intermediate between
+<NOMEN name="Einiosaurus"/> and <NOMEN name="Pachyrhinosaurus"/>.
+It is named after a shape-changing river god. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Achillobator" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="giganticus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Perle, Norell, Clark" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING>gigantic</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <LENGTH value="5" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <ESSAY><P>A large <LINK content="deinonychosaur"/> with unusual pelvic features.</P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Acracanthus" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Langston" year="1947"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Czaplewski, Cifelli, Langston" year="1994"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Acrocanthosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>high spine</MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Acrocanthosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>high spine lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <MASS value="2000" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="3500" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Oklahoma, Texas, Utah"/>
+ <PLACE name="Maryland" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MUO" id="8-0-59" content="partial skeleton" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MUO" id="8-0-58" content="partial postcranium" type="para"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="atokensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Stovall, Langston" year="1950"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="altispinax">
+ <SYNONYM name="Becklespinax altispinax" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>tall-spined</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This large animal had long vertebrae along its back, possibly forming a
+sail. The vertebral spines were 20-30 cm (8-12 inches) high along the neck
+and tail, possibly up to 50 cm (20 inches) along the back. It was once
+classified as a <LINK content="spinosaur"/>, since, like
+<NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/>, it had long vertebral spines. But the rest of
+the animal is little like <NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/>, and even the "fin"
+is different. It may be a late <LINK content="allosaurine"/> or an early
+<LINK content="carcharodontosaurine"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Actiosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1882"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Adasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Ada's <LOW>(evil spirit in Mongolian mythology)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <MASS value="15" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS musum="GIN" id="100/20" content="partial skeleton" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1983"/>
+ <MEANING>from Mongolia</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Although often classified as a <LINK content="dromaeosaurid"/>,
+it may be closer to <LINK content="birds"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Aegyptosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Egyptian lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Egypt"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="IPGH" content="3 centra; left scapula (partial), humerus, & radius; right ulna; left tibia & femur" comment="destroyed in World War II" type="holo"/>
+ <SPECIES name="baharijensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Stromer" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>from Baharîya <LOW>Oasis</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Aeolosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Eolosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>Aeolus' <LOW>(god of wind)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 tail vertebrae, ulna, radius, metacarpal, pubis, ischium, dermal plates"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MPCA" id="27174" content="5 caudal vertebrae, right ulna, metacarpal, left pubis, right ischium"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MPCA" id="27175" content="right ulna & radius"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MPCA" id="27176" content="osteoderm"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MPCA" id="27177" content="osteoderm"/>
+ <SPECIES name="rionegrinus">
+ <AUTHOR name="J. E. Powell" year="1987"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MJG-R" id="1" content="7 anterior caudal vertebrae; partial forelimbs; right tibia, fibula, & astragalus; fragments" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MACN-RN" id="147" content="15 articulated caudal vertebrae" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Aepisaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Aepysaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Aepyosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Aeposaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Oepysaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>high lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MNHN" id="1868-242" content="humerus" type="holo"/>
+ <SPECIES name="elephantinus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gervais" year="1853"/>
+ <MEANING>elephantine</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Aetonyx" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="palustris">
+ <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1911"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Afrovenator" type="with">
+ <MEANING>African hunter</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <MASS value="2000"/>
+ <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Niger"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="UC OBA" id="1" content="skull lacking much of mandibles & parts of snout & roof; cervical vertebrae (some articulated); incomplete dorsal & caudal series; ribs; pelvis; nearly complete forelimbs; hindlimbs" type="holo"/>
+ <SPECIES name="abakensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sereno, J. A. Wilson, Larsson, Dutheil, Sues" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Agathaumas" type="with">
+ <MEANING>great wonder</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="N. America"/>
+ <REMAINS nuseum="AMNH" id="4000" content="partial sacrum, pelvis" type="holo"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sylvestris" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1872"/>
+ <MEANING>woodland</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="milo" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1874"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Thespesius occidentalis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="monoclonius">
+ <AUTHOR name="Breihaupt" year="1994"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus sphenocerus"/>
+ <MEANING>one-sticked</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mortuarius">
+ <SYNONYM name="Polyonax mortuarius" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="prorsus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Triceratops prorsus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sphenocerus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus sphenocerus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Aggiosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="nicaensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ambayrac" year="1913"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Crocodylomorpha"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Agilisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>agile lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="louderbecki">
+ <AUTHOR name="Peng" year="1992"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="ZDM" id="6011" content="nearly complete skeleton" type="holo"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="multidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Yandusaurus multidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Either a primitive <LINK content="ornithopod"/> or possibly a
+<LINK content="fabrosaurid"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Agrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>wild/hunting lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="macgillvrayi" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1891"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Thecodontosaurus antiquus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>Originally thought to be an early find from Australia, this has since
+been re-identified as a mislabelled specimen of British dinosaur <NOMEN
+name="Thecodontosaurus antiquus"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Agustinia">
+ <MEANING>Agustin <LOW>Martinelli</LOW>'s <LOW>(discoverer) one</LOW></MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1999"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ligabuei" original="Augustia">
+ <MEANING><LOW>Giancarlo</LOW> Ligabue's</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" content="fragmentary dorsal, sacral, & caudal vertebrae; hindlimb elements; osteoderms"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>Tall osteoderms lined the back of this unusual <LINK content="sauropod"/>.
+ They seem to have been mobile, a case of parallel evolution with
+ <LINK content="stegosaurs"/>. The samllest were leaf-shaped, while the
+ largest ones were split into halves, each half bearing an outward-pointing
+ spike.</P>
+ <P><NOMEN name="Agustinia"/> may be related to <LINK content="titanosaurs"/>
+ or to <LINK content="rebbachisaurids"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Alamosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING><LOW>Ojo</LOW> Alamo <LOW>Mountains</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="21"/>
+ <MASS value="30000"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico, Texas, Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="10,486" content="left scapula" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" content="right ischium" type="para"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="15658" content="caudal centrum"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="15560" content="30 most anterior caudal vertebrae (articulated); 25 chevrons; ischia; left scapulocoracoid; right forelimb lacking phalanges, 2 sternal plates, 3 fragmentary ribs"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sanjuanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1922"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The only North American <LINK content="sauropod"/> from the Late
+<LINK content="Cretaceous"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Albertosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Alberta lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8.5"/>
+ <MASS value="1800"/>
+ <MASS value="2500"/>
+ <TIME section="latest" value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alaska, Montana, Wyoming, Alabama, Georgia" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="028" content="tooth" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="033" content="teeth" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="034" content="premaxillary teeth" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sarcophagus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1905"/>
+ <MEANING>flesh-eating</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS museum="NMC" id="5600" content="incomplete skull" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="NMC" id="5601" content="incomplete skull" type="para"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="ROM" id="807" synonym="arctunguis" content="sacrum with sacral vertebrae, left scapulocoracoid & forearm, left pelvis, associated limb elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="arctunguis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1928"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="sarcophagus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grandis" status="dubium" original="Ornithomimus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
+ <MEANING>grand</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="incrassatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Deinodon incrassatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lancensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="libratus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus libratus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="megagracilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus rex" status="q" comment="subadult"/>
+ <MEANING>big <LOW>&</LOW> gracile</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Paul" year="1988"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus novojilovi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="olseni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Alectrosaurus olseni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="periculosus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1930"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus bataar"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus sternbergi" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>C. M.</LOW> Sternberg's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Albisaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="scutifer">
+ <AUTHOR name="Fritsch" year="1905"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Alectrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Alectra's/unmarried lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <MASS value="500" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="1500" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="6554" content="most of right hindlimb, pubic fragment" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="6368" content="right humerus, first phalanx of manual digit II, ungual of manual digit I, 4 fragmentary caudal vertebrae" comment="some of this material belongs to a therizinosaur"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="21784" q="1" content="2 fragments"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PST GIN AN MNR" id="100/50" content="partial skeleton including partial maxilla & nasal"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PST GIN AN MNR" id="100/51" content="partial skeleton including hindlimbs"/>
+ <SPECIES name="olseni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1933"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="periculosus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus periculosus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Alexornis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="antecedens">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brodkorb" year="1976"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>Alex<LOW>ander Wetmore's</LOW> bird</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mexico"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Algoasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Algoa <LOW>Bay</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="Port Elizabeth Museum" content="fragmentary dorsal vertebra, femur, incomplete scapula, phalanx, ungual" type="holo"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bauri" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1904"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="baini" author="du Toit" year="1926"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Could be a <LINK content="titanosaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Alioramus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>different branch</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <MASS value="700" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="1000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="GI" id="3141/1" content="incompete skull, mandibles, distal part of metatrasus" type="holo"/>
+ <SPECIES name="remotus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov" year="1976"/>
+ <MEANING>remote</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Had a long, bumpy ridge with bony knobs along the top of the snout. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Aliwalia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Aliwal <LOW>North (in South Africa) one</LOW></MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="1500" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Carnian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="NMW" id="1886-XV-39" content="proximal end of left femur" type="co"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="NMW" id="1876-VII-B124" content="distal end of left femur" type="co"/>
+ <REMAINS content="maxilla"/>
+ <SPECIES name="rex">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1985"/>
+ <MEANING>king</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Although <NOMEN name="Aliwalia"/> remains are far from complete, they
+seem to indicate that this creature was the first really large predatory
+<LINK content="dinosaur"/>, possibly on the same scale as some
+<LINK content="carnosaurs"/>. It was fairly primitive, but perhaps somewhat
+more advanced than <NOMEN name="Herrerasaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Allosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>different lizard</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, S. Dakota, Utah, Wyoming"/>
+ <SPECIES name="fragilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
+ <PLACE name="U.S.A., Portugal"/>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <MASS value="1000"/>
+ <MASS value="1700"/>
+ <MEANING>fragile</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="1930" content="2 dorsal centra, tooth, proximal phalanx of pedal digit III, portion of humerus" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="1931" synonym="lucaris" content="a few cervical, 6 dorsal, & 2 sacral vertebrae; incomplete scapulocoracoid; radius; ulna; manual phalanx"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="1879" synonym="Camptonotus amplus" content="pes" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="693" content="skeleton" comment="pathologic"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="UUVP" id="6000" content="skull, first caudal vertebra, chevrons, ribs, forelimbs, pedal elements" type="neo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="4753" content="skeleton" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5731" synonym="Hypsirophus discurus" content="neural spine" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="ROM" id="12868" content="skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="4734" content="nearly complete skeleton" type="para"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="8867" content="9 cervical, 10 dorsal, 2 sacral, & 7 caudal vertebrae; cervical & dorsal ribs; 6 chevrons; pubes; ischia; ilial fragments"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="2323" content="8 cervical, 11 dorsal, & 2 sacral centra; many neural processes of dorsal vertebrae; right ilium, ischium, & femur; incomplete ribs"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="8423" content="maxillae; 5 dorsal, 5 sacral (coossified), & 3 caudal centra; ilial fragments; broken ischia & pubes; femora; left pes; manual elements"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="8335" content="right maxilla, teeth"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="8405" content="5 coossified sacral centra, lateral metatarsal, manual & pedal phalanges"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="7336" content="left astragalus"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="8302" content="right manual digit III"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="8257" content="right manual digit II"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amplexus" status="dubiumQ" original="Epanterias">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
+ <MASS value="3000"/>
+ <MASS value="5000"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5767" content="anterior dorsal centrum, anterior dorsal neural arch, axis, vertebra, coracoid, fragmentary limb bone" type="holo"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="atrox" original="Creosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <MASS value="1000"/>
+ <MASS value="1700"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="1890" content="jugal, premaxilla, 2 vertebrae, ilium, astragalus, 2 unguals, 2 phalanges" type="holo"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ferox">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1896"/>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <MASS value="1000"/>
+ <MASS value="1700"/>
+ <MEANING>fierce</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="2315" content="left dentary with 12 teeth" comment="pathologic" type="holo"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lucaris">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="fragilis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="maximus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Saurophagus maximus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="medius">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus medius" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="meriani" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Greppin" year="1870"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sibiricus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Chilantaisaurus sibiricus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Tetanurae" incertae="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="NMV" id="P150070" content="left astragalus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp2.">
+ <REMAINS museum="SAM" id="1475" content="pedal ungual"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tendagurensis" status="dubium" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1925"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Tendaguru <LOW>Formation</LOW></MEANING>
+ <MISSPELLED name="tandurensis" author="D. A. Russell" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="trihedrodon" status="dubium" original="Laelaps">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>of the</LOW> three-sided tooth</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="valens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Antrodemus valens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="whitei" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> One of the most famous and popular <LINK content="dinosaurs"/>,
+<NOMEN name="Allosaurus"/> is known primarily from the Morrison Formation.
+It probably hunted <LINK content="stegosaurs"/>,
+<LINK content="iguanodonts"/>, and perhaps gigantic
+<LINK content="neosauropods"/> like <NOMEN name="Diplodocus"/> and
+<NOMEN name="Camarasaurus"/>. Its main rival was
+the slightly smaller <NOMEN name="Ceratosaurus"/>. </P>
+
+<P> There is debate over the taxonomy of these species. Some feel they
+should all be lumped into <NOMEN name="A. fragilis"/> while others would
+split them into several genera (<NOMEN name="Creosaurus"/>,
+<NOMEN name="Epanterias"/>, etc.) </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Alocodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>wing tooth</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="LPFU" id="P X 2" content="left maxillary tooth crown" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="LPFU" id="P X 1" content="premaxillary tooth crown" type="para"/>
+ <SPECIES name="kuehni" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Thulborn" year="1973"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possibly a basal <LINK content="ornithischian"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Altirhinus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>high snout</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="kurzanovi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Norman" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>Kurzanov's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="orientalis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon orientalis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This bulbous-snouted <LINK content="iguanodont"/> was previously
+referred to <NOMEN name="Iguanodon orientalis"/>. It shows some
+<LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>-like features. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Altispinax" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1923"/>
+ <MEANING>high spined <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <PLACE name="Belgium, Germany" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="University of Marburg" id="N 84" content="tooth" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dunkleri" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dames" year="1884"/>
+ <MEANING>Dunkler's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lydekkerhueneorum" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Pickering" year="1994"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="lydekkeri-huenensis" author="Pickering" year="1984"/>
+ <MEANING>Lydekker's <LOW>and von</LOW> Huene's</MEANING>
+ <SYNONYM name="Becklespinax altispinax"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="oweni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Valdoraptor oweni" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>Sir Richard</LOW> Owen's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="parkeri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Metriacanthosaurus parkeri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The name <NOMEN name="Altispinax dunkleri"/> was once used to indicate
+remains of a theropod with high vertebral spines, similar to those of
+<NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/>. In fact, the type material for this species
+is merely teeth, teeth which can not confidently be assigned to the same
+animal as the skeletal remains. The bones were reassigned to a new
+species of <NOMEN name="Acrocanthosaurus"/>, another high-spined theropod.
+This species was called <NOMEN name="A. altispinax"/>. But further study
+indicated that it could not confidently be said to belong to the genus
+<NOMEN name="Acrocanthosaurus"/>. Hence, it was placed in a new genus and
+is now known as <NOMEN name="Becklespinax altispinax"/>.
+<NOMEN name="Altispinax dunkleri"/> is now a dubious species. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Alvarezsaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING><LOW>Don Gregorio</LOW> Alvarez's lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MUCPv" id="54" content="partial spine, girdles, hindlimbs" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, scapula, partial pelvis, partial hindlimbs"/>
+ <SPECIES name="calvoi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1991"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The most primitive <LINK content="alvarezsaur"/> known. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Alwalkeria">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chatterjee, Creisler" year="1994"/>
+ <MEANING>Al<LOW>ick</LOW> Walker's <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
+ <MASS value="3" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="ISI" id="R 306" age="juvenileQ" type="holo" content="end of snout, vertebrae, femur, astragalus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="maleriensis" original="Walkeria">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chatterjee" year="1987"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Alxasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Alxa <LOW>Desert</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <MASS value="350"/>
+ <MASS value="400"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="88402" content="right dentary, 5 crushed cervical vertebrae, 2 cervical ribs, 7 crushed ?posterior dorsal vertebrae, 6 dorsal ribs, rib fragments, sacrum with anterior sacral ribs, 20 caudal vertebrae" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="88301" content="verebral & appendicular remains, ribs"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="88510" content="appendicular remains"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="88501" content="5 crushed & disarticulated dorsal vertebrae, first & incomplete second sacral vertebrae, right metcarpal I, left metacarpal III, 4 manual phalanges, ungual phalanges, posterior tip of left ilium, both ends of right & proximal end of left femora, noth ends of left and proximal end of right tibiae, proximal ends of fibulae, pedal phalanges, 3 pedal unguals"/>
+ <SPECIES name="elesitaiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell, Dong" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Alxasaurus"/> was the most primitive
+<LINK content="therizinosauroid"/>. Many claim that it is more similar to
+"normal" <LINK content="theropods"/> than other therizinosauroids are. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Amargasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING><LOW>La</LOW> Amarga <LOW>Canyon</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <SPECIES name="cazaui">
+ <AUTHOR name="Salgado, Bonaparte" year="1991"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MACN-N" id="15" content="partial skull, vertebrae, scapulocoracoid, forelimb, hindlimb, ilia, astragalus" type="holo"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="groeben" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Salgado, Bonaparte" year="1991"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Amargasaurus"/> had two rows of long spines along the back
+of its neck, possibly forming a double sail. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ambiortus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>uncertain origin</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="pectoral girdle, forelimb, partial sternum & furcula, back vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dementjevi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kurochkin" year="1982"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Amblydectes">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hooley" year="1914"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Criorhynchus"/>
+ <MEANING>blunt biter</MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ammosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1891"/>
+ <MEANING>sand lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Connecticut, Arizona"/>
+ <PLACE name="Nova Scotia" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="208" content="3 presacral vertebrae, sacrum, pelvis, hindlimbs" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="209" synonym="Ammosaurus solus" content="pelvis, podes"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MNA" id="G2 7233" content="lower parts of skeleton" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="major" original="Anchisaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
+ <MEANING>greater</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="solus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Anchisaurus solus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ampelosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>vineyard lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-247" content="3 articulated dorsal vertebrae" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-38" content="dorsal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-59" content="dorsal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-92" content="dorsal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-93" content="dorsal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-94" content="dorsal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-148" content="dorsal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-24" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-25" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-26" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-27" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-46" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-55" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-58" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-63" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-64" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-65" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-95" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-96" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-97" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-98" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-99" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-100" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-101" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-124" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-127" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-147" content="caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-60" content="ribs"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-72" content="chevrons"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-139" content="chevrons"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-23" content="sternal plates"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-80" content="sternal plates"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-22" content="coracoid"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-161" content="coracoid"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-351" content="coracoid"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-21" content="scapula"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-145" content="scapula"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-1" content="humerus"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-79" content="humerus"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-81" content="humerus"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-86" content="humerus"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-175" content="humerus"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-372" content="humerus"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-56" content="ulna"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-83" content="ulna"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-300" content="ulna"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-85" content="radius"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-57" content="pubis"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-123" content="ilium"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-84" content="ischium"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-20" content="femur"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-40" content="femur"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-44" content="femur"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-61" content="femur"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-78" content="femur"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-210" content="femur"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-201" content="femur"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-261" content="femur"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-137" content="tibia & fibula"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-138" content="tibia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-144" content="tibia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-173" content="tibia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-48" content="fibula"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-88" content="phalanges"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-136" content="osteoderm"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-192" content="osteoderm"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-204" content="osteoderm"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE" id="C3-325" content="osteoderm"/>
+ <SPECIES name="atacis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Le Loeuff" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Amphicoelias" type="with">
+ <MEANING>double cavities</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="20" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" museum="AMNH" id="5764" content="2 dorsal vertebrae, femur, pubis, tooth, scapula, coracoid, ulna"/>
+ <SPECIES name="altus" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
+ <MEANING>tall</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fragillimus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
+ <LENGTH value="45" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="100000" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="150000" q="1"/>
+ <MEANING>very fragile</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="latus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus supremus"/>
+ <MEANING>broad</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Amphicoelias fragillimus"/> was named for an enormous,
+crumbling vertebra which has since been lost (if it ever existed). Only a
+drawing remains, which claims that the vertebra was 2.4 m tall.
+It may have represented an enormous individual of
+<NOMEN name="A. altus"/> </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Amphisaurus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Barkas" year="1870"/>
+ <MEANING>double lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="polyzelus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Anchisaurus polyzelus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Amtosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Amt<LOW>gay</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial braincase" type="holo" museum="N°" id="3780/2"/>
+ <SPECIES name="magnus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov, Tumanova" year="1978"/>
+ <MEANING>great</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Classified as an <LINK content="ankylosaur"/>, but may be an early
+<LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Amurosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Amur <LOW>Province</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian" section="late"/>
+ <PLACE name="Russia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="riabinini">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bolotsky, Kurzanov" year="1991"/>
+ <MEANING>Riabinin's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Amygdalodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>almond tooth</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="15" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MLP" id="46-VIII-21-1" content="7 teeth (4 complete), fragmentary presacral & caudal vertebrae, incomplete scapula, partial pubis, rib fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="patagonicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cabrera" year="1947"/>
+ <MEANING>Patagonian</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anabisetia" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="saldiviai" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Coria, Calvo"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Coria" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anamantarx" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kirkland, Lucas, Estep" year="1998"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Animantarx"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anasazisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Anasazi <LOW>(North American tribe)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull" type="holo" museum="BYU" id="12950"/>
+ <SPECIES name="horneri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1993"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>John</LOW> Horner's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a variant of <NOMEN name="Kritosaurus navajovius"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anatosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lull, Wright" year="1942"/>
+ <MEANING>duck lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="annectens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="copei">
+ <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan copei" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>Edward Drinker</LOW> Cope's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus edmontonensis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Edmonton Formation
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longiceps">
+ <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan longiceps" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="saskatchewanensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Saskatchewan
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anatotitan">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brett-Surman"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Chapman, Brett-Surman" year="1990"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ duck titan <LOW>(giant of Greek mythology)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="13"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana, S. Dakota"/>
+ <SPECIES name="copei" original="Anatosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lull, Wright" year="1942"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Edward Drinker</LOW> Cope's
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5730" content="complete skeleton" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5886" content="complete skeleton" type="para"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longiceps" status="dubium" original="Anatosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="616" content="right dentary with teeth" type="holo"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Had a very long, low, flat skull. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anchiceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ near horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ornatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1914"/>
+ <MEANING>ornate</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5251" content="incomplete skull" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5259" content="braincase, brow horns" type="para"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="UW" id="5419" content="skull"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="ROM" id="802" content="skull"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="NMC" id="8538" content="complete postcranium" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MNC" id="8535" content="skull" synonym="longirostris"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longirostris">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1929"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="ornatus"/>
+ <MEANING>long-snouted</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anchisaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1885"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ near lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Connecticut, Massachusetts"/>
+ <SPECIES name="polyzelus" original="Megadactylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hitchcock" year="1865"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="201" content="fragmentary skeleton" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="1883" content="skull, 18 presacral vertebrae, scapulocoracoid, left forelimb, ilium, pubes, right hindlimb" synonym="colurus"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="YPM" id="2125" content="partial appendicular & axial remains"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="capensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gyposaurus capensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="colurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1891"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="polyzelus" status="q"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="major">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ammosaurus major" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ greater
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sinensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gyposaurus sinensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="solus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ammosaurus major"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P><NOMEN name="Anchisaurus colurus"/> may represent another gender (female?)
+of <NOMEN name="A. polyzelus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Andesaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Andes <LOW>Mountains</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="40" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="80000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MUCPv" id="132" type="holo" content="articulated vertebrae (4 posterior dorsal, 21 caudal), nearly complete left ischium, incomplete right humerus & femur, incomplete elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="delgadoi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Calvo, Bonaparte" year="1991"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Angaturama" type="with">
+ <MEANING>noble one</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <REMAINS content="front part of jaws" type="holo"/>
+ <SPECIES name="limai">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kellner, Campos" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be the same as <NOMEN name="Irritator"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Angelinornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kashin" year="1972"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ichthyornis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Angelina <LOW>Mikhaylovna Sudilovskaya's</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Angustinaripterus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ narrow nostril wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="MJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="longicephalus">
+ <AUTHOR name="He, Yan, Su" year="1983"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ long-headed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anhanguera" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ old devil
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <SPECIES name="santanae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Campos, Kellner" year="1985"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Santana <LOW>Formation</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="blittersdorffi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Campos, Kellner" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Aniksosaurus" status="unpublished">
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A small <LINK content="theropod"/> of some kind. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Animantarx" type="with">
+ <MEANING>animate <LOW>(living)</LOW> fortress</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ramaljonesi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Carpenter, Kirkland, Burge, Bird" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING>Ramal Jones'</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>Originally published (as a <I>nomen nudum</I>) as
+ <NOMEN name="Anamantarx"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ankistrodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1865"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Epicampodon"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ankylosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Anchylosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Ancylosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>fused lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="11"/>
+ <MASS value="4000"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana, Wyoming, Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5895" content="skull, scapulocoracoid, vertebrae (7 cervical, 10 dorsal, 4 caudal), ribs, osteoderms" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5214" content="tail club"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="UCMP" id="1243999" age="juvenile" content="tooth"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="UCMP" id="120195" age="juvenile" content="worn tooth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="magniventris">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1908"/>
+ <MEANING>large-sided</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="acinacodens" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus tutus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tutus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus tutus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anodontosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>toothless lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="lambei">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1929"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus acutosquameus"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>Lawrence M.</LOW> Lambe's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anoplosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>weaponless lizard</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <SPECIES name="curtonotus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1878"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletal fragments"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="macrocercus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Acanthopholis macrocercus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="major" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1878"/>
+ <MEANING>greater</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS museum="SMC" type="holo" content="anterior end of left ramus of mandible, 5 or 6 cervical centra, 12 dorsal vertebrae, 6 sacral centra, neural arches (mostly dorsal), incomplete coracoids, proximal end of scapula, pieces of ribs, ends of right humerus & left femur, partial metatarsals, phalanges, left tibia, fragments"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tanyspondylus" status="dubium">
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Ornithopoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1879"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="SMC" content="19 dorsal, sacral, & caudal vertebrae; neural arch"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Once thought to be an <LINK content="iguanodont"/>, but is probably a
+primitive <LINK content="nodosaurid"/> (or a combination of fossils from
+both). </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anserimimus" type="with">
+ <MEANING><NOMEN name="Anser" nolink="1"/> <LOW>(goose)</LOW> mimic</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="SPS GIN AN MPR" id="100/300" content="partial appendicular skeleton including incomplete forelimb, pectoral girdle, & incomplete pes" type="holo"/>
+ <SPECIES name="planinychus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1988"/>
+ <MEANING>flat-clawed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Antarctosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>non-northern lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="40" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <SPECIES name="wichmannianus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina, Chile, Uruguay"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="Nat'l Museum (Buenos Aires)" id="6804" type="holo" content="incomplete cranium including braincase, mandible?, cervical vertebra, scapula, radius, ulna, pelvis, partial hindlimbs"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="FMNH" id="P13019" content="right femur"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AC" id="2300" content="partial left pubis" synonym="giganteus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brasiliensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Arid, Vizotto" year="1971"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranial fragments"/>
+ <MEANING>Brazilian</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="giganteus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="wichmannianus"/>
+ <MEANING>gigantic</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="jaxarticus" status="dubium" q="1">
+ <MISSPELLED name="jaxartensis"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1938"/>
+ <MEANING>Jaxartes <LOW>River</LOW>'s</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="septentrionalis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Jainosaurus septentrionalis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anthodon" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="serrarius">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1876"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pareiasauridae"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Paranthodon africanus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Antrodemus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1870"/>
+ <LENGTH value="10" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="N. America"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial tail vertebra" type="holo"/>
+ <SPECIES name="valens" status="dubium" original="Poekilopleuron">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1870"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="atrox">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus atrox" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ferox">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus ferox" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fragilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus fragilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lucaris">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus lucaris" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="meriani">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus meriani" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sibiricus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Chilantaisaurus sibiricus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stechowi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Labrosaurus stechowi" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Steel" year="1970"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="steschowi" author="Chabli" year="1986"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sulcatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Labrosaurus sulcatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tendagurensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus tendagurensis" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="trihedrodon">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus trihedrodon" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This may be the same thing as <NOMEN name="Allosaurus"/>, but remains
+are too incomplete to be sure. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Anurognathus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="ammoni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Doederline" year="1923"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ tailless <I>or</I> anuran <LOW>(frog)</LOW> jaw
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <LENGTH wingspan="1" value=".5"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Apatodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>deceptive tooth</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="mirus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus fragilis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Apatornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1873"/>
+ <MEANING>deceptive <LOW>vertebrae</LOW> bird</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
+ <SPECIES name="celer" original="Ichthyornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Apatosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ deceptive lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="21"/>
+ <LENGTH value="26"/>
+ <MASS value="30000"/>
+ <MASS value="35000"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ajax">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons, braincase"/>
+ <MEANING>Ajax <LOW>(hero of the Trojan War)</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="alenquerensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amplus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="excelsus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="excelsus" original="Brontosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
+ <PLACE name="Oklahoma, Utah, Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="6 partial postcrania, skull, jaw, postcranial elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grandis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus grandis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ grand
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="laticollis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="ajax"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="louisae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Holland" year="1915"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeleton, postcranium"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minimus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Haplocanthosaurus minimus" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ least
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="montanus" status="dubium" original="Titanosaurus2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="incomplete pelvic section"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ montane
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="yahnahpin">
+ <SYNONYM name="Eobrontosaurus yahnahpin" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This genus is more popularly known as <NOMEN name="Brontosaurus"/>,
+but <NOMEN name="Brontosaurus"/> has long been considered a junior synonym of
+<NOMEN name="Apatosaurus"/>. There is a minority opinion that
+<NOMEN name="A. excelsus"/> does represent a valid genus (named
+<NOMEN name="Brontosaurus"/>) separate from <NOMEN name="A. ajax"/>. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Apatosaurus"/> was shorter but bulkier than its relatives
+<NOMEN name="Barosaurus"/> and <NOMEN name="Diplodocus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Aragosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Aragón<LOW>, Spain</LOW>lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="18"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Spain"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae, forelimb, ischium, pubis, scapula"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ischiatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sanz, Buscialoni, Casanovas, Santafe" year="1987"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Aralosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Aral <LOW>Sea</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, limb bones, vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tuberiferus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Rozhdestvensky" year="1968"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Classified as a <LINK content="gryposaurin hadrosaurine"/>, but
+may be a <LINK content="lambeosaurine"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Arambourgiania">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Arambourgiana"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Borkin" year="1989"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Camille</LOW> Arambourg's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Jordan"/>
+ <SPECIES name="philadelphiae" original="Titanopteryx">
+ <AUTHOR name="Arambourg" year="1959"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This genus was originally called
+<NOMEN name="Titanopteryx"/> ("titanic wing"), but that name was already
+given to an insect(!) </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Araripedactylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Araripe <LOW>Plateau</LOW> finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <REMAINS content="phalanx from 5th digit"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dehmi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1977"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Araripesaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Araripe <LOW>Plateau</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial forelimb"/>
+ <SPECIES name="castilhoi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Price" year="1971"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Araucanoraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Araucan <LOW>chicken</LOW> raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <MASS value="30"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <SPECIES name="argentinus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Novas" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Argentinian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A sickle-clawed predator, probably a <LINK content="paravian"/> or a
+<LINK content="troodontid"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Archaeoceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ ancient horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeleton without forelimbs"/>
+ <SPECIES name="oshimai">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Azuma" year="1997"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Archaeopteryx" type="with">
+ <MEANING>ancient wing/feather</MEANING>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Archäopteryx"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Archaeopterix"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Archeopteryx"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Archopteryx"/>
+ <LENGTH value="0.45"/>
+ <MASS value="0.3"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="isolated feather impression" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lithographica" status="conservandum">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1861"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="sensu" name="Nopcsa" year="1927"/>
+ <REMAINS content="6 skeletons (some complete, all with feather impressions)"/>
+ <MEANING>stone-written</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bavarica">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1993"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete skeleton with feather impressions"/>
+ <MEANING>Bavarian</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="crassipes">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pterodactylus crassipes" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="macrura" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1862"/>
+ <MEANING>large-tailed</MEANING>
+ <SYNONYM name="lithographica"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="oweni" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Petronievics" year="1917"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="lithographica"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>Sir Richard</LOW> Owen's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="recurva">
+ <AUTHOR name="Howgate" year="1984"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Archaeopteryx bavarica" status="q"/>
+ <MEANING>recurved</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="siemensii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dames" year="1897"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="lithographica"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The origin of <LINK content="birds"/> is associated with this creature,
+the "first bird" (nicknamed "Archie"). Although it resembled other small
+<LINK content="theropods"/> so much that one skeleton was for years
+mistakenly identified as <NOMEN name="Compsognathus"/>, it bore feathers
+identical to those of <LINK content="modern flying birds"/>. When it was
+first discovered in 1861, early evolutionists quickly recognized it as the
+"missing link" between birds and more primitive <LINK content="reptiles"/>.
+</P>
+
+<P> In many ways, <NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/> was unlike modern birds.
+Like non-<LINK content="avian"/> <LINK content="dinosaurs"/>, it had a bony
+tail (short for a theropod, very long for a bird), teeth, and clawed fingers.
+It also had a hyperextendable "switchblade" claw on each foot, like its
+relatives the <LINK content="dromaeosaurids"/>. But it was a bird and
+featured avian characteristics, like a reduced number of tail vertebrae and
+unserrated teeth. </P>
+
+<P> Here is a table of known <NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/> specimens (which
+are named after where they were first displayed):
+<DIAGRAM>
+<B>Specimen Found Recognized Complete</B>
+(feather) 1860
+London 1861
+Berlin 1876 X
+Maxberg 1956
+Haarlem 1855 1970
+Eichstätt 1951 1970 X
+Solnhofen 1987 X
+<NOMEN name="A. bavarica"/> 1992 1993 X
+</DIAGRAM> </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Archaeoraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>ancient raider <I>or</I> <NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/>/<NOMEN name="Velociraptor"/></MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="liaoningensis" status="nudum">
+ <MEANING>from Liaoning <LOW>Province</LOW></MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Sloan" year="1999"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Stephen Czerkas, Sylvia Czerkas"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME value="Barremian" section="middle"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="forepart of skeleton with integument impressions"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>The specimen as originally published was touted as a
+<LINK content="bird"/>-<LINK content="deinonychosaur"/> link. However, it appears
+instead to be a chimera, the tail and hindlimbs belonging to a deinonychosaur and the rest
+belonging to a bird. The name <NOMEN name="Archaeoraptor"/> may be dropped
+for the formal publication of the animals. Until then, The Dinosauricon
+will use the name for the bird.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Archaeornis">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Archaeonis"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Archeornis"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Petronievics"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Petronievics, Woodward" year="1917"/>
+ <MEANING>ancient bird</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="siemensii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Archaeopteryx siemensii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Archaeornithoides" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Archaeornis"/> <LOW>(=<NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/>)</LOW> form
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH age="juvenile" value="1" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull (juvenile)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="deinosauricus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Elzanowski, Wellnhofer" year="1992"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ dinosaurian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A poorly known dinosaur, <NOMEN name="Archaeornithoides"/> has been
+classified as a <LINK content="spinosaur"/>, but it shows
+<LINK content="bird"/>-like traits and may be some kind of
+<LINK content="coelurosaur"/>. </P>
+
+<P> Like birds and spinosaurs, it had unserrated teeth. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Archaeornithomimus">
+ <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell" year="1972"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ ancient <NOMEN name="Ornithomimus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <MASS value="20" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="asiaticus" original="Ornithomimus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1933"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Asian
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="partial hand, metatarsi, vertebrae, limb elements, claws"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="affinis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus affinis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bissektensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
+ <REMAINS content="femur"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Arctosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ arctic lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="LTr"/>
+ <PLACE name="Canada"/>
+ <REMAINS content="neck vertebra"/>
+ <SPECIES name="osborni" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Adams" year="1875"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May or may not be a <LINK content="theropod"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Argentinosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Argentinian lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="35" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="45" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="80000" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="100000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="back vertebrae, tibia, fragmentary ribs, sacrum"/>
+ <SPECIES name="huinculensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Coria" year="1993"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Probably the largest known <LINK content="dinosaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Argyrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ silver lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="20"/>
+ <LENGTH value="40" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="80000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina, Uruguay"/>
+ <REMAINS content="forelimb"/>
+ <REMAINS content="other material" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="superbus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1893"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ superb
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Aristosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ best lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="erectus">
+ <AUTHOR name="van Hoepen" year="1920"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ erect
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Aristosuchus" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1887"/>
+ <MEANING>best crocodile</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="30" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="pusillus" original="Poekilopleuron" status="dubiumQ">
+ <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Fox" year="1876"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="R178" content="partial sacrum, pubes" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="R178a" content="dorsal vertebrae"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="R179" content="manual ungual"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="R899" content="manual ungual"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="R5194" content="femur"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="R6426" content="ischium"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="oweni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Calamospondylus oweni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Coelurosauria" incertae="1" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Romania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 caudal vertebrae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>May be a synonym of <NOMEN name="Calamosaurus foxi"/>. Along with
+ <NOMEN name="Calamospondylus oweni"/>, a confusing taxonomic situation.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Arkansaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Arkanosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Arkansan lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <PLACE name="Arkansas"/>
+ <SPECIES name="fridayi" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sattler" year="1983"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a primitive <LINK content="ornithomimosaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Arrhinoceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ without nose-horn face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="brachyops">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1925"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short-faced
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="utahensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Torosaurus utahensis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Utah
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Inappropriately named, since it did have a nasal horn. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Arstanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Arstan lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="15" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kazakhstan, Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial maxilla, hindlimb material, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="akkurganensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Suslov, Shilin" year="1982"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>Once thought to be potentially <LINK content="ceratopsid"/>, re-analysis
+suggests that this species is <LINK content="iguanodontian"/>,
+probably <LINK content="lambeosaurine"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Arthurdactylus">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Sir</LOW> Arthur <LOW>Conan Doyle's</LOW> finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="conandoylensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Frey, Martill" year="1994"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Sir Arthur</LOW> Conan Doyle's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Arthurdactylus"/> had the longest wings proportional
+to its size of any flying animal. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Asiaceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Asian horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull, skeletal elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="salsopaludalis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Kaznyshkina, Cherepanov" year="1989"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sulcidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Microceratops sulcidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Asiahesperornis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="bashanovi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Prizemlin" year="1991"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ Asian <NOMEN name="Hesperornis"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Asiamericana" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Asia-American <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="asiatica">
+ <MEANING>Asian</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Actinopterygii"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>These teeth were though to be from a <LINK content="spinosaurid"/>,
+ but are actually those of a saurodontid <LINK content="fish"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Asiatosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Asian lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Mongolian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kwangshiensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou, Yeh, Zhao" year="1975"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Astrodon" status="dubium">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Astrond"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Astrood"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Astrodom"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Johnston" year="1859"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ star tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Maryland"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="johnstoni" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1865"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="montanus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pleurocoelus montanus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="nanus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pleurocoelus nanus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pusillus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent, Zbyszewski" year="1957"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus armatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="valdensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pleurocoelus valdensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Maryland's state <LINK content="dinosaur"/> (excluding the Baltimore
+oriole, of course). Sometimes synonymized with <NOMEN name="Pleurocoelus"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Astrodonius">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Astrodontius"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1961"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ star tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="johnstoni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Astrodon johnstoni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pusillus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Astrodon pusillus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Atlantosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Atlantis lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="montanus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus montanus" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ montane
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ajax">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus ajax" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="alenquerensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amplus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus amplus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="excelsus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus excelsus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="immanis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus ajax"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="laticollis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus laticollis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="louisae">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus louisae" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minimus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Haplocanthosaurus minimus" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ least
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Atlasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Atlas' <LOW>(mountain range and giant of Greek mythology)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="imelakei">
+ <MEANING>Imelake's <LOW>(giant of Arabian mythology)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Monbaron, D. A. Russell, Taquet" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <LENGTH value="13"/>
+ <LENGTH value="14"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Atlascopcosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Atlas Copco's <LOW>(mining company)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="maxilla, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="loadsi">
+ <AUTHOR name="T. Rich, P. Rich" year="1989"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>William</LOW> Loads'</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Aublysodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ backwards tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="5" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="80" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana, Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletal material" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mirandis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1868"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amplus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cristatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ crested
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="explanatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus explanatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grandis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus grandis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="horridus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Deinodon horridus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="huoyanshanensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lancensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lancinator">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancinator" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lateralis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="mirandis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="molnari">
+ <SYNONYM name="Stygivenator molnari" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus novojilovi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Poorly known. Could be the same thing as <NOMEN name="Stygivenator"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Augustia" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Zariquiey" year="1927"/>
+ <MEANING>august <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="ligabuei">
+ <SYNONYM name="Agustinia ligabuei" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ This name was preoccupied by a beetle.
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Austroraptor" status="unpublished">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Austraptor"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ozraptor"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ southern raider
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Austrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ southern lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="back vertebrae, partial limb bones"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mckillopi" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Longman" year="1933"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Avaceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Ava <LOW>Cole</LOW>'s horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH age="subadult" value="2.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS age="subadult" content="partial skull, skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS age="subadult" content="skull" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lammersi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dodson" year="1986"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a juvenile of another <LINK content="centrosaurine"/>
+genus, or a subadult of its own genus (possibly
+non-<LINK content="ceratopsid"/>). </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Avalonia" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Abalonia"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Walcott" year="1889"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sanfordi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Avalonianus sanfordi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Avalonianus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1961"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sanfordi" original="Avalonia">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1898"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Camelotia borealis"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Rauisuchidae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Avimimus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bird mimic
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <MASS value="15"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="4 partial skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="portentosus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov" year="1981"/>
+ <MEANING>0</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Some have suggested that the small, toothless(?)
+<NOMEN name="Avimimus"/> was feathered. It had little ridges running along
+its arms that may represent anchor points for feather shafts, although
+<LINK content="birds"/> generally have bone "pimples" for anchor points
+instead of straight ridges. </P>
+
+<P> This animal is difficult to classify. Its metatarsals were pinched, like
+those of <LINK content="arctometatarsalians"/>,
+<LINK content="caenagnathids"/>, and advanced <LINK content="alvarezsaurs"/>.
+It may belong to any or none of these groups. It had some very bird-like
+traits, and its head was somewhat similar to <LINK content="oviraptorids"/>.
+It has even been suggested that it may be a chimera made up of two different
+animals, but a recent find seems to dispel this idea. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Avimimus"/> may be related to <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/>
+and/or <NOMEN name="Kakuru"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Avipes" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bird foot
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="MTr"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="metatarsals"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dillstedtianus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possibly a "<LINK content="lagosuchian"/>" or even a very early
+<LINK content="theropod"/>. Tiny, whatever it was. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Avisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bird lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="N. America"/>
+ <SPECIES name="archibaldi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brett-Surman, Paul" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gloriae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Varrichio, Chiappe" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally thought to be a non-<LINK content="avian"/>
+<LINK content="dinosaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Azendohsaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Azendoh <LOW>village</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary, isolated teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="laaroussi" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dutuit" year="1972"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Azhdarcho" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ dragon
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lancicollis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1984"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bactrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Batractosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ club<LOW>-spined</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="material from at least 6 skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="johnsoni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1933"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kyzylkumensis" status="dubium" original="Cionodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1931"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Kyzyl Kum <LOW>Desert</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary dentary, vertebrae"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tibia" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="prynadai">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1939"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="johnsoni"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Jaxartosaurus aralensis"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tanius sinensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bagaceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ small horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skulls (5 complete), fragmentary postcrania (juvenile & adult)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="rozhdestvenskyi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1975"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Had a small nasal horn. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bagaraatan" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ small hunter
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="mandible, partial pelvis & hindlimb, back and tail vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ostromi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osmólska" year="1996"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>John</LOW> Ostrom's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bahariasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Baharîya <LOW>Oasis</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="4000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Egypt"/>
+ <PLACE name="Niger" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranial elements (destroyed in World War II)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ingens" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Stromer" year="1934"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bambiraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Bambi <LOW>(fictional fawn)</LOW> raider</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="feinbergorum">
+ <MEANING><LOW>Ann and Michael</LOW> Feinberg's </MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Burnham, Derstler, Currie, Bakker, Zhou, Ostrom" year="2000"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="emended" name="Olshevsky" year="2000"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <LENGTH value="1" age="subadult"/>
+ <MASS value="3" age="subadult"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="specimen" age="subadult" type="holo"/>
+ <ESSAY><P>This tiny, long-armed, <LINK content="bird"/>-like creature was originally
+ thought to be a juvenile <LINK content="velociraptorine"/>. It has the
+ largest brain-to-body ratio of any non-<LINK content="avian"/> dinosaur.</P>
+ <P><I>see also</I>: <REFER page="http://www.bambiraptor.com/" title="The Bambiraptor Home Page"/></P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Baptornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ diving bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="N. America"/>
+ <SPECIES name="advenus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Barapasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ big-legged lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="18"/>
+ <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS content="6 partial skeletons (missing skull & feet)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tagorei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jain, Kutty, Roy-Chowdhury, Chatterjee" year="1975"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Barosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ heavy lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="20"/>
+ <LENGTH value="27"/>
+ <MASS value="10000"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lentus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Dakota, Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 partial skeletons, partial tail"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="affinis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1899"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="lentus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="africanus" original="Gigantosaurus2">
+ <AUTHOR name="E. Fraas" year="1908"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeletons, elements"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ African
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1961"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="africanus"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="limb bones"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Barosaurus africanus"/> may represent a separate genus
+(<NOMEN name="Tornieria"/>). </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Barsboldia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Rinchen</LOW> Barsbold's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, pelvis, ribs, metatarsus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sicinskii" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1981"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Similar to <NOMEN name="Corythosaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Baryonyx" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ heavy claw
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH age="subadult" value="9.5"/>
+ <MASS age="subadult" value="1500"/>
+ <MASS age="subadult" value="2000"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <SPECIES name="walkeri">
+ <MEANING>Walker's <LOW>(the discoverer)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Charig, Milner" year="1987"/>
+ <REMAINS age="subadult" content="partial skeleton, postcranial elements, teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Baryonyx"/> possessed a number of characteristics that set
+it apart from other <LINK content="theropods"/>. The skull and (numerous)
+teeth were rather crocodile-like. Unlike most <LINK content="dinosaurs"/>,
+the neck lacked a strong S-curve. There was a foot-long claw (for which the
+genus is named) on each hand. A piscivorous (fish-eating) lifestyle has been
+suggested for this 30-foot long predator, since fish teeth
+(<NOMEN nolink="1" name="Lepidotes"/>) and imprints of fish scales have been
+found in its belly. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bashunosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="kaijiangensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kuang" year="1996"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Li, Zhang, Cai" year="1999"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Basutodon" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="ferox">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Euskelosaurus browni"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+ <MEANING>fierce</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bathygnathus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1854"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Sphenacodontidae"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Batrachognathus">
+ <MEANING>
+ frog jaw
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial specimens"/>
+ <LENGTH wingspan="1" value=".5"/>
+ <SPECIES name="volans">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1948"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ flying
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> So-named for its large, grotesque head. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Becklespinax">
+ <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Samuel H.</LOW> Beckle's spined <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="1000" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 vertebrae, partial metatarsus, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="altispinax" original="Acrocanthosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Paul" year="1988"/>
+ <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ tall-spined
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <REFER page="Altispinax"/> </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Beelemodon" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bakker" year="1997"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletal elements" q="1"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Mentioned as an "omnivorouscarnivorous" <LINK content="dinosaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Beipiaosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Beipiao lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.2"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton with integument impressions"/>
+ <SPECIES name="inexpectus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Xu, Tang, Wang" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ unexpected
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The fourth non-<LINK content="avian"/> discovered to have feathers or
+feather-like integument, from the same Early Cretaceous Chinese deposits
+as the other four (<NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/>,
+<NOMEN name="Protarchaeopteryx"/>, <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/>, and
+most recently <NOMEN name="Sinornithosaurus"/>).
+<NOMEN name="Beipiaosaurus"/>' integument seems somewhat similar to that
+of <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/>, but longer -- 5 cm on the average and
+up to 7 cm on the arms. The ends seem to have branching structures. </P>
+
+<P> Apart from the integument, <NOMEN name="Beipiaosaurus"/>, a primitive
+<LINK content="therizinosaur"/>, has features which show therizinosaurs to be
+<LINK content="coelurosaurian"/> <LINK content="theropods"/>, not
+<LINK content="sauropodomorph"/> or <LINK content="ornithischian"/> relatives as
+sometimes thought. Unlike most other theropods, therizinosaurs have
+four functional toes, like sauropodomorphs and some ornithischians.
+But <NOMEN name="Beipiaosaurus"/>' feet, which have reduced inner toes,
+show that the therizinosaur condition evolved from a three-toed ancestor.
+</P>
+
+<P> The head was relatively larger than that of other therizinosaurs, and
+it had some features similar to the related
+<LINK content="oviraptorosaurs"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bellusaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ beautiful lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS age="juvenile" content="skull, postcrania (from 17 individuals)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sui">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1990"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY><P>
+ <NOMEN name="Klamelisaurus"/> may represent the adult form of this animal.
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Belodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1842"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Parasuchia"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bennettazhia" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1991"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Bennett's <LINK content="azhdarchid"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="N. America"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Betasuchus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>ornithomimid genus</LOW> B crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Netherlands"/>
+ <REMAINS content="femur"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bredai" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1883"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be an <LINK content="abelisaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bibleyhallorum" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Burge, Bird, McClelland, Cicconetti" year="1999"/>
+ <TIME value="EK" section="early"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bihariosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Bihor lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Romania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth, skeletal fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bauxiticus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marinescu" year="1989"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Blikanasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Blikana lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Carnian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Lesotho"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial hindlimb"/>
+ <SPECIES name="cromptoni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton, van Heerden" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bogolubovia" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Borkin" year="1989"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Nikolai</LOW> Bogolubov's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Europe"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Boluochia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Boluochi <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="zhengi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhou" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>Zheng's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Had a hooked beak and sharp talons. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Borogovia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ borogove <LOW>(creature in "Jabberwocky", a poem by Lewis Carroll)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial hindlimbs"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilicrus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osmólska" year="1987"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bothriospondylus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Bathriospondylus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Bothrospondylus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Bothryospondylus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ furrowed vertebra
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <LENGTH value="20"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <SPECIES name="suffosus" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1875"/>
+ <REMAINS content="back and hip verebrae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="alenquerenis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="elongatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1875"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus conybearei"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ elongated
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="madagascariensis" status="dubium" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1895"/>
+ <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
+ <PLACE name="Europe" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="magnus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1875"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus conybearei"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ great
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus" status="dubiumQ" original="Marmarospondylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1875"/>
+ <REMAINS content="back vertebrae"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ robust
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Brachiosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ arm lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="22"/>
+ <LENGTH value="30" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="30000"/>
+ <MASS value="80000" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="altithorax">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riggs" year="1903"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial specimens"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ high-chested
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="atalaiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent, Zbyszewski" year="1957"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, hip & limb elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brancai">
+ <SYNONYM name="Giraffatitan brancai" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fraasi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1914"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Giraffatitan brancai"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="macintoshi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ultrasauros macintoshi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="nougaredi" status="dubiumQ" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent" year="1960"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Algeria"/>
+ <REMAINS content="sacrum, forelimb elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> At one time the largest known land animal of all time, <NOMEN
+name="Brachiosaurus"/> has since been superceded in height by <NOMEN
+name="Sauroposeidon"/> and in mass by South American <LINK
+content="titanosaurs"/> such as <NOMEN name="Argentinosaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Brachyceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ short horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH age="subadult" value="1.8"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeletons (subadult or juvenile)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="montanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1914"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Montana
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dawsoni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Monoclonius dawsoni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ovatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus ovatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be the juvenile of another <LINK content="centrosaurine"/> genus. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Brachylophosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ short crest lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Campanian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="canadensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1953"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 specimens"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Canada
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="goodwini">
+ <AUTHOR name="Horner" year="1988"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="1 specimen"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Brachypodosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ short-legged lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS content="humerus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gravis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chakravarti" year="1934"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ heavy
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Could be an <LINK content="ankylosaur"/> or a <LINK content="stegosaur"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Brachyrophus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ short roof<LOW>ed vertebra</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="altarkansanus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus dispar"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bradycneme" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ heavy leg
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="draculae" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Harrison, C. A. Walker" year="1975"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Elopteryx nopcsai" status="q"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Count</LOW> Dracula's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Brasileodactylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Brazilian finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial lower jaw"/>
+ <SPECIES name="araripensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kellner" year="1984"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Brasileosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Brazilian lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="pachecoi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1931"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Breviceratops">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov" year="1990"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 skulls, partial postcrania"/>
+ <SPECIES name="kozlowskii" original="Protoceratops">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1975"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Had a small nasal horn/bump. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Brontoraptor" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Redman" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ thunder raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Brontosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ thunder lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="excelsus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus excelsus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ajax">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus ajax" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="alenquerensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amplus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus excelsus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="louisae">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus louisae" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="montanus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus montanus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bruhathkayosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>huge body lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="40" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS content="radius, ilium, ischium, partial femur, tibia, caudal centrum"/>
+ <SPECIES name="matleyi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Yadagiri, Ayyasami" year="1989"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>Although originally identified as a friggin' <U>huge</U>
+<LINK content="theropod"/>, <NOMEN name="Bruhathkayosaurus"/> seems more
+likely to be a <LINK content="sauropod"/>, if it is, indeed,
+<LINK content="animalian"/>. The fossil identified as its tibia
+is 25% longer than the tibia of <NOMEN name="Argentinosaurus"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Bugenasaura" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ large cheek lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="infernalis">
+ <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1995"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull, back vertebrae, 2 fingers"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ infernal <LOW>(from Hell Creek River)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="garbanii" original="Thescelosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Morris" year="1976"/>
+ <REMAINS content="neck and back vertebrae, hindlimb"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The specific name of
+<NOMEN name="Bugenasaura infernalis"/> refers to the Hell Creek Formation,
+where it is from. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="B. garbanii"/> has been tentatively reassigned from
+<NOMEN name="Thescelosaurus"/> to <NOMEN name="Bugenasaura"/>, although it
+could represent the body of the <LINK content="pachycephalosaur"/>
+<NOMEN name="Stygimoloch spinifer"/>, which is also from Hell Creek. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Byronosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Byron <LOW>Jaffe'</LOW>s lizard</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
+ <SPECIES name="jaffei">
+ <MEANING><LOW>Byron</LOW> Jaffe's</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Norell, Mackovicky, Clark" year="2000"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>This is the first <LINK content="troodontid"/> known to have
+unserrated teeth, like those of <LINK content="birds"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Caenagnathasia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Asian <NOMEN name="Caenagnathus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="7" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="9" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="two pairs of dentaries"/>
+ <SPECIES name="martinsoni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Currie, Godfrey, Nessov" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Caenagnathus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ recent jaw
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="collinsi">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1940"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Chirostenotes pergracilis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Chirostenotes sternbergi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Calamosaurus" status="dubium">
+ <MEANING>reed lizard</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1891"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="30" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" museum="BMNH" id="R901" content="2 associated cervical vertebrae" comment="one nearly complete, the other missing neural arch"/>
+ <SPECIES name="foxi" status="dubium" original="Calamospondylus2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Calamospondylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>reed vertebra</MEANING>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Calamosphondylus"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="sacrum" comment="lost"/>
+ <SPECIES name="oweni" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Fox" year="1866"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Sir Richard</LOW> Owen's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Calamospondylus2" type="with">
+ <MEANING>reed vertebra</MEANING>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Calamosphondylus"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Fox" year="1866"/>
+ <SPECIES name="foxi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Calamosaurus foxi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Callovosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1988"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LINK content="Callovian"/> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="leedsi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus leedsi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Camarasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ chambered lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="20"/>
+ <MASS value="18000"/>
+ <SPECIES name="supremus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ supreme
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 partial specimens, braincase, mandibles"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="agilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Morosaurus agilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="alenquerensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="annae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ellinger" year="1950"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="lentus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="douglassi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Uintasaurus douglassi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="excelsus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus excelsus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grandis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 specimens, elements"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ grand
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="impar">
+ <SYNONYM name="Morosaurus impar" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lentus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah, Wyoming"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="leptodirus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1879"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="supremus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lewisi" original="Cathetosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jensen, James" year="1988"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, ribs, forelimb, pubis, ischia"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <TIME value="Aalenian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A skin impression may or may not belong to this <LINK content="dinosaur"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Camelotia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ named after Camelot
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Rhaetian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, pubis, ischium, femur, tibia, phalanges"/>
+ <SPECIES name="borealis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1985"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ boreal
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Camposaurus" type="with">
+ <TIME section="latest" value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
+ <SPECIES name="arizonensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas, Heckert, Lockley" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Arizona
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>May be a synonym of <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Camptonotus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Camptonodus"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Uhler" year="1864"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dispar">
+ <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus dispar" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amplus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus fragilis" status="q"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Camptosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1885"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ flexible lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dispar" original="Camptonotus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, Oklahoma, Utah, Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="10 skeletons (juvenile to adult), elements"/>
+ <MEANING>disparate</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amplus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Camptonotus amplus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="browni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1909"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="dispar"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="depressus" q="1" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1909"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming, S. Dakota"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ilia, vertebrae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="inkeyi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon inkeyi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="leedsi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="femur"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="medius">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1894"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="dispar"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="nanus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1894"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="dispar"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ dwarf
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="prestwichii" original="Cumnoria">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1880"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary specimen"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="valdensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Valdosaurus canaliculatus"/>
+ <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Wealden <LOW>Formation</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Iguanodontoidea" incertae="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Camptosaurus depressus"/> may not even represent an
+<LINK content="ornithopod"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Campylodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Cuvier, Valenciennes" year="1832"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Campylodoniscus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ bent tooth
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Campylodoniscus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1961"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Campylodon"/>-like <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="20" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="maxilla with teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ameghinoi" status="dubiumQ" original="Campylodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Campylognathoides">
+ <AUTHOR name="Strand" year="1928"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Campylognathus"/> form
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="EJ"/>
+ <REMAINS content="several specimens (some complete)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="liasicus" original="Campylognathus">
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Lias <LOW>(=<LINK content="Early Jurassic"/>)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="indicus">
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Indian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="zitteli">
+ <AUTHOR name="Plieninger" year="1895"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Campylognathus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Plieninger" year="1895"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Reuter" year="1890"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Campylognathoides"/>
+ <MEANING>curved jaw</MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Capitalsaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kranz" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>capital <LOW>(Washington, D.C.)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Maryland"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Carcharodontosaurus">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Carcharadontosaurus" author="Holtz" year="1994"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Carcharodonsaurus" author="Romer" year="1966"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Carchrodontosaurus" author="White" year="1973"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Stromer" year="1931"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ shark-toothed lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <LENGTH value="14"/>
+ <MASS value="7000" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="8000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Niger"/>
+ <REMAINS content="isolated teeth, partial skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="saharicus" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Depéret, Savornin" year="1925"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Stromer" year="1931"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>the</LOW> Sahara <LOW>Desert</LOW>'s</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Carcharodontosaurus"/> has been known for a while from
+scrappy remains, but only in recent years have new finds shown what a huge
+creature it was, rivalling <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus"/> and other <LINK
+content="carcharodontosaurines"/> as one of the largest land predators of
+all time. </P>
+
+<P> A recently unearthed <NOMEN name="Carcharodontosaurus"/> specimen was
+reported to have the largest head of any <LINK content="theropod"/>,
+although it seems that the skull was reconstructed too long. A realistic
+estimate for head length is 153 cm, which is less than <NOMEN
+name="Giganotosaurus"/>' 165 cm. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cardiodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>heart tooth</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="rugulosus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1841"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Carnosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ <MEANING>flesh lizard</MEANING>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A misspelling of <LINK content="Carnosauria"/>, in reference to indeterminate
+large <LINK content="theropod"/> material.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Carnotaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ flesh<LOW>-eating</LOW> bull
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7.5"/>
+ <MASS value="1000"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete skeleton with skin impressions"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sastrei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Carnotaurus"/> was an unusual <LINK content="theropod"/>.
+The name refers to the small horns it bore above its eyes. The arms were
+extremely small and underdeveloped, even more so than those of the <LINK
+content="tyrannosaurids"/>. The forearms were so short that the hands
+appeared to sprout almost directly from the elbows. Remains are very
+complete, with skin impressions that show rows of large, non-bony,
+semiconical scales along the right side of the body. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Carnotaurus"/> was featured in the book <U>The Lost
+World</U>, where it was given amazing, chameleon-like powers of skin
+camouflage. Even if this is blatantly unscientific, it would've looked
+kind of cool on the big screen. (Unfortunately, <NOMEN
+name="Carnotaurus"/> wasn't put in the movie.) </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Caseosaurus" type="with">
+ <TIME section="latest" value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Texas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ilium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="crosbyensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas, Heckert, Lockley" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A "<LINK content="herrerasaur"/>" of some kind. Originally referred to
+<NOMEN name="Chindesaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cathayornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Cathay <LOW>(=China)</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 specimens"/>
+ <SPECIES name="yandica">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhou, Jin, Zhang" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="caudatus">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be the same as <NOMEN name="Sinornis"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cathetosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ upright lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="lewisi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus lewisi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Caudipteryx" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ tail feathers
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="zoui">
+ <REMAINS content="2 specimens with feather impressions and gastroliths"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Ji Q., Currie, Norell, Ji S." year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>Vice-Premier</LOW> Zou <LOW>Jiahua</LOW>'s</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dongi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhou, Wang" year="2000"/>
+ <REMAINS content="1 specimen with feather impressions and gastroliths"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P header="A Feathered Dinosaur"> <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/> is one of the few non-<LINK
+content="avian"/> <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> for which feathery
+impressions are known. The only others (<NOMEN
+name="Sinosauropteryx"/>, <NOMEN name="Protarchaeopteryx"/>, <NOMEN
+name="Beipiaosaurus"/>, and <NOMEN name="Sinornithosaurus"/>) come from the same
+site and have also only recently been discovered. <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/>
+specimens were at first mistaken for <NOMEN name="Protarchaeopteryx"/>
+specimens. </P>
+
+<P> As the name implies, <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/> had a special
+assemblage of feathers on its tail, possibly for ornamental purposes.
+There are bands of dark and light on the tail feathers. These may
+be remnants of the animal's pigmentation, something that is hardly
+ever preserved.</P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/> had very short forelimbs and symmetrical
+feathers, meaning that it did not fly. It legs were long, perhaps for
+running and/or wading. A recent study has suggested that it was capable of perching.</P>
+
+<P header="Relationships"> The original cladistic analysis placed <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/> as a
+basal <LINK content="avialan"/>, but many now think it was related to
+<LINK content="oviraptorosaurs"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Caudocoelus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ tail vertebra
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tail vertebra (destroyed in World War II)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sauvagei" status="dubium" original="Saurornithoides2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1928"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Caulodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ stalk tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="diversidens" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus supremus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="leptoganus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus supremus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="praecursor">
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon praecursor" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cearadactylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Ceará finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <SPECIES name="atrox">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leonardi, Borgomanero" year="1983"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cedarosaurus" type="with">
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah"/>
+ <MEANING>Cedar <LOW>Mountain Formation</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="weiskopfae">
+ <MEANING><LOW>Carol</LOW> Weiskopf's</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Tidwell, Carpenter, Brooks" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Centemodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lea" year="1856"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Centrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ pointed lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="15 skulls, skeletons, juvenile material"/>
+ <SPECIES name="apertus" original="Monoclonius">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1904"/>
+ <MEANING>windowed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="albertensis">
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus albertensis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Alberta
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cutleri" status="dubium" original="Monoclonius">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1917"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="flexus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Monoclonius flexus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longirostris">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1940"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="apertus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ long-nosed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="nasicornis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Monoclonius nasicornis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="recurvicornis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Monoclonius recurvicornis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="occipital condyle, horn cores"/>
+ <SPECIES name="montanus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1888"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Montana's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="alticornis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Triceratops alticornis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="belli">
+ <SYNONYM name="Chasmosaurus belli" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="canadensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Chasmosaurus canadensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="horridus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Triceratops horridus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="paucidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lambeosaurus paucidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="recurvicornis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Monoclonius recurvicornis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be the same as another <LINK content="ceratopsine"/> genus,
+perhaps <NOMEN name="Chasmosaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ceratosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ horned lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="nasicornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1884"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <MASS value="500"/>
+ <MASS value="1000"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="several specimens"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ nose-horned
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dentisulcatus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1995"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ingens" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Paul" year="1988"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1920"/>
+ <MASS value="5000" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="magnicornis">
+ <MEANING>big-horned</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Madsen, Welles" year="2000"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, several specimens"/>
+ <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="meriani">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus meriani" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="roechlingi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1925"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="roechlinqi" author="Chabli" year="1986"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="willisobrienorum" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>Willis O'Brien's <LOW>studio's</LOW></MEANING>
+ <SYNONYM name="magnicornis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Ceratosaurus"/> was a common Jurassic predator that
+sported a large horn on the snout and two smaller ones above the eyes.
+</P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="C. ingens"/> may have been a humongous African <LINK
+content="ceratosaur"/>, among the largest of <LINK content="theropods"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cetiosauriscus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1927"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Cetiosaurus"/>-like <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <SPECIES name="stewarti">
+ <AUTHOR name="Charig" year="1980"/>
+ <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="hindquarters, vertebrae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brancai">
+ <SYNONYM name="Giraffatitan brancai" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Yadagiri" year="1988"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="glymptonensis" status="dubiumQ" original="Cetiosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Phillips" year="1871"/>
+ <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="greppini" status="dubiumQ" original="Ornithopsis">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1922"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Switzerland"/>
+ <REMAINS content="4 partial postcrania"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="leedsi">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1927"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1905"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="stewarti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="leedsii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus leedsii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longus" status="dubiumQ" original="Cetiosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
+ <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ long
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>Usually classified as a <LINK content="diplodocid"/>, but that may need
+reevaluation.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cetiosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ whale lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="14"/>
+ <LENGTH value="18"/>
+ <SPECIES name="medius" status="conservandum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
+ <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, limb elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brachyurus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon atherfieldensis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short-tailed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brevis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus conybearei"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon anglicum"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="conybearei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Melville" year="1849"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Brachiosauridae" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="caudal vertebrae, chevron"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="epioolithicus" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Cetiosauriscus longus"/>
+ <MEANING>after <LOW>the</LOW> Oolite</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="glymptonensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Cetiosauriscus glymptonensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="greppini">
+ <SYNONYM name="Cetiosauriscus greppini" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="humerocristatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus humerocristatus" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>with a</LOW> crested humerus
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hypoolithicus" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1841"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="medius"/>
+ <MEANING>under <LOW>the</LOW> Oolite</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="leedsi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Cetiosauriscus leedsi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="leedsii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus leedsii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Cetiosauriscus longus" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ long
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mogrebiensis" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent" year="1955"/>
+ <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
+ <PLACE name="Algeria" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="several skeletons"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="oxonensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Phillips" year="1871"/>
+ <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial postcrania, vertebrae, limb elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="phillipsi" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1880"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rigauxi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1874"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rugulosus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Cardiodon rugulosus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Owen originally considered <NOMEN name="Cetiosaurus"/> to be a
+crocodile-like creature, and thus did not include it in the original
+description of the taxon <LINK content="Dinosauria"/>, which he published
+the same year as <NOMEN name="C. medius"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Changchengornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Great Wall <LOW>of China</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hengdaoziensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ji Q., Chiappe, Ji S." year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Changtusaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Changdusaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Chendusaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Chengdusaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Changdu <LOW>basin</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="laminaplacodus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chaoyangia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Chaoyang <LOW>County one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="beishanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou, Zhang" year="1993"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Had long toes, possibly for wading. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chaoyangsaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Chaoyangosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Chaoyang <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="youngi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao, Zheng, Xu" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="liaosiensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao, Zheng" year="1983"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="youngi"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chaoyoungosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
+ <SPECIES name="liaosiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Chaoyangsaurus liaosiensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Charonosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Charon's <LOW>(ferryman to Hell in Greek mythology)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="jiayinensis">
+ <MEANING>from Jiayin</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Godefroit, Zan, Jin" year="2000"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian" section="late"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" content="partial skull with fragmentary crest"/>
+ <REMAINS content="elements from dozens of specimens"/>
+ <LENGTH value="13"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>Hails from the Yuliangze Formation.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chasmosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1914"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ chasm <LOW>(skull opening)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <MASS value="1500"/>
+ <SPECIES name="belli" original="Monoclonius">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="8 skulls, skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brevirostris">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kaiseni" year="1933"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="belli"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short-nosed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="canadensis" original="Monoclonius">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Canada
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="4 skulls"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kaiseni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1933"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="canadensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mariscalensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lehman" year="1989"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Texas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="12 skulls, juvenile specimen"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="recurvicornis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Monoclonius recurvicornis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>with a</LOW> recurved horn
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="russelli">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1940"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 skulls"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pentaceratops sternbergi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chassternbergia">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bakker" year="1988"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Cha<LOW>rle</LOW>s <LOW>M.</LOW> Sternberg's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="rugosidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontonia rugosidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cheneosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ goose lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="tolmanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1917"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Hypacrosaurus altispinus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chialingosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Jia-ling <LOW>River</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <TIME value="MJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="kuani" status="conservandum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1959"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="guangyuanensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Li, Zhang, Cai" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="chuhsiensis" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1959"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="kuani"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This <LINK content="stegosaur"/>'s plates were rather spiky. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chiayusaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Chiayasaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Chiayuesaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Chiayüsaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Chiryuesaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Jiayu<LOW>gan</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="lacustris" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Asiatosaurus mongoliensis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lake<LOW>-dwelling</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="asianensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lee, Yang, Park" year="1997"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ <MEANING>from Asia</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chienkosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="ceratosauroides">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1942"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Szechuanosaurus campi"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Ceratosaurus"/>-formed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chihuahuasaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ratkevich"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Anonymous" year="1997"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Sonorasaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Chihuahua lizard
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chilantaisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Ch'i-lan-t'ai <LOW>Lake</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="13" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="4000" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tashuikouensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hu" year="1964"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary postcranium"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="maortuensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hu" year="1964"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Coelurosauria" incertae="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull, teeth, other remains"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sibiricus" status="dubium" original="Antrodemus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1914"/>
+ <TIME value="Berriasian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Russia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="metatarsal"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="zheziangensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1979"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Therizinosauria" incertae="1"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 foot claws, hand claw"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Probably either a late <LINK content="allosaurine"/> or an early
+<LINK content="carcharodontosaurine"/>. </P>
+
+<P> The claws assigned to <NOMEN name="Chilantaisaurus zheziangensis"/> seem instead to
+be from a <LINK content="therizinosaur"/>. <NOMEN name="C. maortuensis"/>
+may also be a therizinosaur, or a <LINK content="tyrannosauroid"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chindesaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Chinde <LOW>Point</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <MASS value="30"/>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Arizona, New Mexico"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bryansmalli">
+ <AUTHOR name="Murray, Long" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chingkankousaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Ch'ing-kang-kou <LOW>village</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="scapula"/>
+ <SPECIES name="fragilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1958"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ fragile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chinshakiangosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Chinsakiangosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Chinshakiang lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="13" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="zhongheensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Yeh" year="1975"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="chuhghoensis" status="unknown">
+ <SYNONYM name="zhongheensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May have been the largest "prosauropod". </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chirostenotes" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ slender hand
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton, 3 feet, hand, sacrum, mandible, etc."/>
+ <SPECIES name="pergracilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1924"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <MASS value="20" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="elegans">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus elegans" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rarus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Elmisaurus rarus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi" original="Caenagnathus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cracraft" year="1971"/>
+ <LENGTH value="1.7"/>
+ <MASS value="50" q="1"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Charles M.</LOW> Sternberg's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Chirostenotes sternbergi"/> may be the same as
+<NOMEN name="C. pergracilis"/>, perhaps a different gender. Some material
+may belong to a new species. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chondrosteosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ cartilage bone lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="18" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="neck vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gigas" status="dubiumQ" original="Chondrosteus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1876"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gigantic
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="becklessi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus becklessi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="magnus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bothriospondylus magnus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="megalus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Fox"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Blows" year="1983"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ big
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chondrosteus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1876"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Agassiz" year="1844"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Chondrosteosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ cartilage bone
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chuandongocoelurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Chuandongosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Chuandong <NOMEN name="Coelurus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, possibly also partial hindlimb, pelvis, fibula, scapula"/>
+ <SPECIES name="primitivus" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="He" year="1984"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ primitive
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a <LINK content="coelurosaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chuanjiesaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Chuanjie lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="anaensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Fang, Pang, Lü, Zhang, Pan, Wang, Li, Cheng" year="2000"/>
+ <MEANING>from A'na</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME value="MJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <ESSAY><P>Originally published as <B><I>C. a'naensis</I></B>, but the
+ ICZN does not permit non-alphabetic characters in any taxon's name.</P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chubutisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Chubut <LOW>Province</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="23" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="insignis">
+ <AUTHOR name="del Corro" year="1974"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Although originally placed in its own family, <NOMEN
+name="Chubutisaurus"/> was considered a <LINK content="brachiosaurid"/>
+despite not having front legs longer than hind legs, like <NOMEN
+name="Brachiosaurus"/>. More recent analyses suggest that it
+is a very primitive <LINK content="titanosaur"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Chungkingosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Chongqing lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="incomplete skeleton, 3 fragmentary postcrania"/>
+ <SPECIES name="jiangbeiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cimoliornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1846"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithocheirus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ chalk <LOW>(<LINK content="Cretaceous"/>)</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cionodon" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Cinodon"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ column tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="arctatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1874"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Thespesius occidentalis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kyzylkumense">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus kyzylkumensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stenopsis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Thespesius stenopsis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cladeiodon" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Claderodon"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Cladyodon"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Kladeisteriodon"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Kladyodon"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ branch tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="lloydi" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1841"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Teratosaurus suevicus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Claorhynchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ broken snout
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial mandible"/>
+ <SPECIES name="trihedris" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1892"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ three-sided
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/> or a <LINK content="ceratopsian"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Claosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ broken lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranium with skull fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="agilis" original="Hadrosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ agile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="affinis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wieland" year="1903"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="annectens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Clarencea" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Clarenceia" author="Romer" year="1966"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Clarencia" author="Brink" year="1959"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Clarenica" author="Young" year="1964"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Clarensia" author="Gow, Kitching" year="1988"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brink" year="1959"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauria" incertae="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Clasmodosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ measured fragment lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="spatula" status="dubium" original="Clasmodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ameghino" year="1899"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ spatula<LOW>-toothed</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Clepsysaurus" type="none">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lea" year="1851"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Parasuchia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="fraserianus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Palaeosaurus2 fraserianus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Clevelanotyrannus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bakker, Williams, Currie"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Currie" year="1987"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Nanotyrannus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Cleveland tyrant
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Coelophysis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ hollow form
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <MASS value="15"/>
+ <MASS value="30"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Carnian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Arizona, New Mexico"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="several hundred skeletons (juvenile & adult)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bauri" status="conservandum" original="Coelurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1887"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Colbert" year="1964"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="holyokensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Podokesaurus holyokensis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Holyoke
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longicollis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Coelurus longicollis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="posthumus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tanystropheus posthumus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rhodesiensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Syntarsus rhodesiensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="willistoni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tanystropheus willistoni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/>, a very common little hunter of the Late
+Triassic, came in two forms, "robust" and "gracile". These two forms, or
+"morphs", probably represent the two genders. </P>
+
+<P> There was a recent disagreement over the proper name for <NOMEN
+name="Coelophysis"/>. The type specimen (that is, the specimen used to
+define the genus) was rather fragmentary. Most of our knowledge of <NOMEN
+name="Coelophysis"/> comes instead from dozens of very well-preserved
+specimens found at a site called Ghost Ranch. Some scientists recently
+argued that the Ghost Ranch <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> might not
+necessarily be the same as the original <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/>
+specimen. They proposed a new name for the Ghost Ranch dinosaurs - <NOMEN
+name="Rioarribasaurus"/>. But by this time the association of the name
+<NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/> with the Ghost Ranch material had become
+heavily entrenched in dinosaur terminology. The ICZN (International
+Committee on Zoological Nomenclature) voted to redefine the type specimen
+of <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/> as one of the Ghost Ranch specimens. So the
+name <NOMEN name="Rioarribasaurus"/> has been officially dropped. </P>
+
+<P> The original type material, which may or may not belong to the same kind
+of animal as the neotype, has been given its own (dubious) genus:
+<NOMEN name="Eucoelophysis"/> ("true <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/>"). </P>
+
+<P> A <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/> skull from the Carnegie Museum of
+Natural History became the first dinosaur fossil to be taken into space on
+January 22, 1998 when the Endeavor Space Shuttle took off for Mir Space
+Station. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Coelosaurus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Anonymous (Owen)" year="1854"/>
+ <SPECIES name="antiquus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus antiquus" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>antique</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="affinis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus affinis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Coeluroides" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Coelurus"/> form
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India, Kazakhstan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="largus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ large
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Coelurosauravus" type="with">
+ <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
+ <SPECIES name="elivensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Piveteau" year="1926"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Coelurosauravidae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LINK content="coelurosaur"/> ancestor
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Coelurosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1914"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ hollow tail lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A misspelling of <LINK content="Coelurosauria"/>, in reference to
+some indeterminate small <LINK content="theropod"/> material.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Coelurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ hollow tail
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <MASS value="20" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranial material (single individual?)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="fragilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ fragile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="agilis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1884"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="fragilis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ agile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bauri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Coelophysis bauri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="daviesi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Thecospondylus daviesi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus gracilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hermanni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornitholestes hermanni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longicollis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1887"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Coelophysis bauri"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Coloborhynchus" type="none">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1874"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Criorhynchus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ stunted snout
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="clavirostris">
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Anhangueridae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Colonosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ichthyornis"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Coloradia" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Blake" year="1863"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Los</LOW> Colorados <LOW>Formation one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="brevis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Coloradisaurus brevis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Coloradisaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1983"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Los</LOW> Colorados <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull" type="holo"/>
+ <SPECIES name="brevis" original="Coloradia">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1978"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be the adult version of <NOMEN name="Mussaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Comodactylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Como <LOW>Bluff</LOW> finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="metacarpal"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ostromi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1981"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>John</LOW> Ostrom's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Compsognathus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ delicate jaw
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <MASS value="2.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="France, Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 skeletons (juvenile & adult)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="longipes">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wagner" year="1859"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ long-footed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="corallestris">
+ <AUTHOR name="Demay, Thomel" year="1972"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="longipes"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="primus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Sinosauropteryx prima" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> One of the very smallest non-<LINK content="avian"/> <LINK
+content="dinosaurs"/>. </P>
+
+<P> There has been disagreement over the poorly preserved hand. One early
+restoration with a finned forelimb has been rejected. Usually it is
+depicted with two fingers, although it may well have had the usual
+theropod three, as its closest relative <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/>
+did. </P>
+
+<P> The type specimen of <NOMEN name="Compsognathus corallestris"/> probably represents
+the adult form, while the type specimen of <NOMEN name="C. longipes"/> is
+probably a juvenile. The adult was found with 10 eggs and a skeleton
+inside. At first it was thought that the skeleton was of a fetal <NOMEN
+name="Compsognathus"/>, and that the animal gave live birth (ovoviviparity),
+but it turned out to be a <LINK content="lizard"/> (<NOMEN nolink="1"
+name="Bavarisaurus"/>). This is direct evidence of <NOMEN
+name="Compsognathus"/>' predatory nature. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Compsosuchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ delicate crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS content="neck vertebra"/>
+ <SPECIES name="solus" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Conchoraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ conch raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, fragmentary postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1986"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Concornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Cuenca <LOW>Province</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Spain"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium with feather impressions"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lacustris">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sanz, Buscalioni" year="1992"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lakeside
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Confuciusornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Confucius' bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sanctus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou, Zhou, Gu, Zhang" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ holy
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="hundreds of complete specimens with feather impressions"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="chuonzhous">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1996"/>
+ <REMAINS content="leg"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dui">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="meidus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1996"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="chuonzhous"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="shuzi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1996"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="suniae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="suniae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1996"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete specimen(s?)"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The earliest <LINK content="bird"/> known to have a true beak.
+Although toothless, it is probably independent of the two major radiations
+of toothless birds, <LINK content="enantiornitheans"/> and <LINK
+content="neornitheans"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Coniornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ chalk <LOW>(<LINK content="Cretaceous"/>)</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <SPECIES name="altus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1893"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ tall
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A freshwater <LINK content="hesperornithid"/>, possibly a species of
+<NOMEN name="Hesperornis"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Corythosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Corinthian <LOW>helmet</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <MASS value="3500"/>
+ <MASS value="4000"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="10 skulls, associated postcrania"/>
+ <SPECIES name="casuarius">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1914"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ cassowary<LOW>-like</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bicristatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1935"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="casuarius"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ double-crested
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brevicristatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1935"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="casuarius"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short-crested
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="convincens">
+ <AUTHOR name="Rozhdestvensky" year="1968"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Jaxartosaurus aralensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="excavatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1923"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="casuarius"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="frontalis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1935"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Lambeosaurus lambei"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="intermedius">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1923"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="casuarius"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="selwyni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Trachodon selwyni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> One of the "<LINK content="helmeted duck-bills"/>", with a large, hollow,
+semicircular crest. One gender (female?) had smaller crests. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Craspedodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ edge tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Belgium"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lonzeensis" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dollo" year="1883"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Crataeomus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="lepidophorus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus transylvanicus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ scale-bearing
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pawlowitschii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus pawlowitschii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Craterosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bowl lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="back vertebra"/>
+ <SPECIES name="pottonensis" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1874"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possibly a <LINK content="huayangosaurid"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Creosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ flesh lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="atrox">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus atrox" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="potens" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lull" year="1911"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus medius"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cretornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Fritsch" year="1881"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithocheirus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LINK content="Cretaceous"/> bird
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Criorhynchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ battering ram snout
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <SPECIES name="simus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hooley" year="1914"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Various other species have been named in this genus, which
+may be the same as <NOMEN name="Tropeognathus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cristatusaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ crested lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
+ <REMAINS content="premaxillae, partial maxilla, dentary, etc."/>
+ <SPECIES name="lapparenti" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Taquet, D. A. Russell" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>de</LOW> Lapparent's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be the same as <NOMEN name="Baryonyx"/> or <NOMEN
+name="Suchomimus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cryolophosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ frozen crested lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Antarctica"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial cranium, mandibles, pelvis, femur, vertebrae, fibula, tibiotarsus, metatarsals"/>
+ <SPECIES name="elliotti">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hammer, Hickerson" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This is the oldest known <LINK content="carnosaur"/> (and the oldest
+known <LINK content="tetanuran"/>, for that matter). Also the only <LINK
+content="theropod"/> known from Antarctica, and the first <LINK
+content="dinosaur"/> from there to be described. It had an unusual crest
+projecting upwards from between its eyes. </P>
+
+<P>Before formally published, this animal was referred to in literature as
+<NOMEN name="Elvisaurus"/>, named for its pompadour-like crest.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cryptodraco">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ hidden dragon
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="eumerus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Cryptosaurus eumerus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cryptosaurus" status="dubium">
+ <MEANING>
+ hidden lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
+ <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="femur"/>
+ <SPECIES name="eumerus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1875"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This genus was renamed <NOMEN name="Cryptodraco"/> because the name
+<NOMEN name="Cryptosaurus"/> was thought to be preoccupied, but this was
+not the case. (The other animal, a lizard, was actually named
+<NOMEN name="Cystosaurus" nolink="1"/>.) </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ctenochasma">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1852"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ comb opening
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
+ <REMAINS content="6 specimens (some complete)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis" original="Pterodactylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1851"/>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <MEANING>gracile</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="porocristata">
+ <MEANING>porous-crested</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1975"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <AUTHOR name="Taquet" year="1972"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This animal filter-fed using the 260 tiny teeth in its jaws. <NOMEN
+name="Ctenochasma porocristata"/> had a porous crest on its head. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cumnoria">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1888"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Cumnor's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="prestwichii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus prestwichii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dispar">
+ <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus dispar" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cuspirostrisornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ pointed rostrum bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian" section="late" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="houi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>Hou <LOW>Jifeng</LOW>'s</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="jifengi">
+ <SYNONYM name="houi"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="V. 10897" content="complete skeleton"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cycnorhamphus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1870"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ swan beak
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.4"/>
+ <SPECIES name="suevicus" original="Pterodactylus">
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Quenstedt" year="1855"/>
+ <MEANING>Swabian</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="canjuerensis">
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Fabre" year="1974"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Cycnorhamphus canjuerensis"/> had a crest on the underside of its
+jaw. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Cylindricodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Inglis, Sawyer" year="1979"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Jaeger" year="1828"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Hylaeosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ cylindrical tooth
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dacentrurus">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Dacentrosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Dacentrurosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Dacentrus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Dicentrurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Dacenturus"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Lucas" year="1902"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ very pointed lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England, France, Portugal"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcrania (1 nearly complete), 4 sacra, femora"/>
+ <SPECIES name="armatus" original="Omosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1875"/>
+ <MEANING>armed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hastiger" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1877"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lennieri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1911"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="phillipsii" status="dubium" original="Omosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1893"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial femur"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="vetustus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lexovisaurus vetustus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The first <LINK content="stegosaur"/> to be discovered. <NOMEN
+name="Dacentrurus"/> was rather primitive, and had no plates, only spikes.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dachongosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Dachungosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Dachong lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Sinemurian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="yunnanensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Yunnan <LOW>Formation</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dakosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Quenstedt" year="1856"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Damalasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Damala lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="MJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="laticostalis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="magnus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ great
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Perhaps a <LINK content="brachiosaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dandakosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Dandak<LOW>ranya Forest</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS content="end of pubis"/>
+ <SPECIES name="indicus" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Yadagiri" year="1982"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Indian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Danubiosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Danube <LOW>River</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="anceps" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bunzel" year="1871"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus austriacus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Daptosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="agilis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Chure, McIntosh" year="1989"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Deinonychus antirrhopus"/>
+ <MEANING>agile</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Daspletosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ frightful lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <MASS value="2000"/>
+ <MASS value="3500"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="torosus">
+ <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell" year="1970"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletons (one nearly complete), skulls (1 complete), 3 partial hindlimbs, partial spine, partial upper jaw"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dasygnathoides">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1961"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithosuchus"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dasygnathus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1877"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="MacLeary" year="1819"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Dasygnathoides"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Datousaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ big head/chieftain lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="14"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial postcrania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="jaws" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bashanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Tang" year="1984"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Deinocheirus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ terrible hand
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mirificus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osmólska, Roniewicz" year="1970"/>
+ <REMAINS content="forelimbs"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ribs, vertebrae" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <REMAINS museum="ZPAL" id="MgD-I/64"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The incredible <NOMEN name="Deinocheirus"/> is known only from two
+enormous, eight-foot-long (2.5m) arms with 10-inch claws. The arms are
+similar to those of <LINK content="ornithomimids"/>, although the digits
+and claws are more curved. <NOMEN name="Deinocheirus"/> may have been on
+the same scale as the largest of <LINK content="theropods"/>. It lived
+alongside <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/>, another bizarre theropod with
+huge arms. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Deinodon" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Dinodon"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ terrible teeth
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="9" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="horridus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1856"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amplus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon amplus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="arctunguis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus arctunguis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cristatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus cristatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cristatus2">
+ <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon cristatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="explanatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus explanatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="falculus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Laelaps falculus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grandis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus grandis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hazenianus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Laelaps hazenianus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="incrassatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="horridus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kenabekides">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus kenabekides" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="laevifrons">
+ <SYNONYM name="Laelaps laevifrons" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lancensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lateralis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon lateralis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="libratus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus libratus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus novojilovi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="periculosus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus periculosus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sarcophagus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus sarcophagus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus sternbergi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> One of the first American <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> to be named,
+this dubious tooth taxon could be the same thing as <NOMEN
+name="Gorgosaurus"/> or <NOMEN name="Albertosaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Deinonychus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ terrible claws
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <MASS value="50"/>
+ <MASS value="75"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Utah"/>
+ <PLACE name="Maryland" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="over 9 skeletons (adult and subadult), teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="antirrhopus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ostrom" year="1969"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="koreanensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR year="1993"/>
+ <MEANING>from Korea</MEANING>
+ <SYNONYM name="Koreanosaurus sp."/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Deltadromeus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ delta runner
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <MASS value="3500"/>
+ <MASS value="4000"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="agilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Duthiel, Iarochene, Larsson, Lyon, Magwene, Sidor, Varicchio, J. A. Wilson" year="1996"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ agile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dendrorhynchoides">
+ <AUTHOR year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING><NOMEN name="Dendrorhynchus"/> form</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="curvidentatus" original="Dendrorhynchus">
+ <REMAINS museum="GMV" id="2128" type="holo" content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <AUTHOR year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING>curve-toothed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dendrorhynchus">
+ <AUTHOR type="first"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>family</LOW> tree <LOW>of</LOW> <NOMEN name="Rhamphorhynchus"/></MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="curvidentatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dendrorhynchoides curvidentatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Denversaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Denver lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="schlessmani">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontonia schlessmani" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dermodactylus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
+ <MEANING>skin finger</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="metacarpal fragment"/>
+ <SPECIES name="montanus" status="dubium" original="Pterodactylus">
+ <MEANING>
+ montane
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dianchungosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Dianchung lizard</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lufengensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1982"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Lufeng <LOW>Formation</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="elegans" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="lufengensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Diceratops">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hatcher" year="1905"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Lull" year="1907"/>
+ <MEANING>two-horned face</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="cranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hatcheri" original="Triceratops">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lull" year="1907"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Considered for a long time as a species of <NOMEN
+name="Triceratops"/>, this genus was recently resurrected. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Diclonius" type="with">
+ <MEANING>double stick</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="pentagonus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Thespesius stenopsis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ five-sided
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="calamarius" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="pentagonus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mirabilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1883"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan copei"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Trachodon mirabilis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="perangulatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="pentagonus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dicraeosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>forked lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="13"/>
+ <LENGTH value="20"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hansemanni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1914"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranium missing forelimbs, 2 partial skeletons, vertebrae, limb elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brancai">
+ <SYNONYM name="Giraffatitan brancai" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Lambrecht" year="1933"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sattleri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1914"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcrania"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Didanodon">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Didamodon"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1902"/>
+ <SPECIES name="altidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Trachodon altidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dilophosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles" year="1970"/>
+ <MEANING>double-crested lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <MASS value="300"/>
+ <MASS value="450"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Sinemurian"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="wetherilli" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles" year="1954"/>
+ <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletons, fragments"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="breedorum">
+ <MEANING>The Breeds' <LOW>(including William J.)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <REMAINS museum="UCMP" id="77270"/>
+ <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles" year="1995"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Welles, Pickering" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sinensis" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hu" year="1993"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <MEANING>from China</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Dilophosaurus"/> sported a pair of thin crests
+running from above the nostrils to the back of the head.
+(At least, <NOMEN name="D. breedorum"/> and <NOMEN name="D. sinensis"/>
+did -- that part of the skull is unknown for <NOMEN name="D. wetherilli"/>.)
+These frills were probably ornamental in nature. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Dilophosaurus"/> was featured in the blockbuster movie
+<U>Jurassic Park</U>. Considerable liberties were taken with the
+restoration. Real <NOMEN name="Dilophosaurus"/> were much larger than their
+Jurassic Park counterparts. There is no evidence that they had neck frills or poison
+glands. In fact, <NOMEN name="Dilophosaurus"/> was the largest predator in
+its environment and had no need to be poisonous. Furthermore, Jurassic Park's
+dilophosaurs had jaws simplified beyond recognition (the cool kink was
+utterly smoothed out). </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="D. sinensis"/> had taller, more robust crests. It may not
+belong to this genus. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dimodosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="poligniensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Pidancet, Chopard" year="1862"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dimorphodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>two form teeth</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.4"/>
+ <TIME value="MJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="several specimens"/>
+ <SPECIES name="macronyx">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1859"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ big-clawed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dinheirosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="lourinhanensis">
+ <MEANING>from Lourinhã</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Mateus" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dinodocus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ terrible beam
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="mackesoni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus mackesoni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dinosaurus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Fischer de Waldheim" year="1847"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ terrible lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="gresslyi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Rütimeyer" year="1856"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY><P>
+ The name <NOMEN name="Dinosaurus" nolink="1"/> was first given to
+ a species of <NOMEN name="Rhopalodon"/>.
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dinosaurus2" status="unknown">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Fischer de Waldheim" year="1847"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ terrible lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tail vertebra, fragmentary ribs"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Named for some scrappy remains, but the name <NOMEN
+name="Dinosaurus"/> was already given to another <LINK
+content="dinosaur"/> which turned out to be the same thing as <NOMEN
+name="Plateosaurus"/>. (And in fact even then the name had already been
+given to another creature!) </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dinotyrannus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Olshevsky, Ford, Yamamoto" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>terrible tyrant</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="megagracilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus megagracilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Diopocephalus">
+ <AUTHOR name="E. Fraas" year="1885"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ two appearance head
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="1.4"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="longicollum" original="Pterodactylus">
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Diplodocus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ double beam
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="27"/>
+ <MASS value="6000"/>
+ <MASS value="20000"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah, Wyoming"/>
+ <SPECIES name="longus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ long
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="2 skulls, partial tails"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="carnegiei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hatcher" year="1901"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 skeletons, 2 skulls, elements"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Andrew</LOW> Carnegie's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hallorum">
+ <SYNONYM type="objective" name="Seismosaurus hallorum"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hayi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Holland" year="1924"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium with braincase"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lacustris" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1884"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="longus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lakeside
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="lower jaw"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="reedi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Breihaupt" year="1990"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="carnegiei"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Once known as the longest <LINK content="dinosaur"/> (although others
+have now replaced it). </P>
+
+<P> A recent find with skin impressions show a row of spines going down
+the back. Other <LINK content="sauropods"/> may have shared this trait.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Diplotomodon" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1868"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ double cutting tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Jersey"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="horrificus" status="dubium" original="Tomodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1865"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ horrific
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Similar to <NOMEN name="Dryptosaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Diracodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ neck point tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="laticeps">
+ <SYNONYM name="Stegosaurus laticeps" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stenops">
+ <SYNONYM name="Stegosaurus stenops" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dolichosuchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ long crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <TIME value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tibia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="cristatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ crested
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Doratodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Doratorhynchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ spear snout
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Berriasian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="neck vertebra"/>
+ <SPECIES name="validus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1875"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ valid
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dorygnathus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ spear jaw
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="EJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <SPECIES name="banthensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wagner" year="1860"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mistelgauensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wild" year="1971"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Doryphorosaurus">
+ <MEANING>
+ spear-bearing lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1916"/>
+ <SPECIES name="aethiopicus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Kentrosaurus aethiopicus" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Nopcsa" year="1916"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dracopelta" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ dragon shield
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial rib cage, armor"/>
+ <SPECIES name="zbyszewskii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1980"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dravidosaurus" type="with">
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Sauropterygia"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Dravid<LOW>anadu</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="blanfordi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Yadagiri, Ayyasami" year="1979"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Plesiosauria"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Drinker" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Edward</LOW> Drinker <LOW>Cope's one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="adult (tooth, tail vertebrae, partial toes), subadult (partial jaws, centra, partial limbs), juvenile (tooth, centra, humerus, toe, femur, astragalus, radius, metatarsals)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="nisti">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bakker, Galton, Siegwarth, Filla" year="1990"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possessed a flexible tail. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dromaeosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ running lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.8"/>
+ <MASS value="15" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="incomplete skull, pedal elements, fragments"/>
+ <REMAINS content="toe claw" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="albertensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Matthew, Brown" year="1922"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Alberta
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="abradens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Zapsalis abradens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cristatus" status="dubium" original="Laelaps">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ crested
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="explanatus" status="dubium" original="Laelaps">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="falculus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Laelaps falculus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis" status="dubium" original="Coelurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1888"/>
+ <MEANING>gracile</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="laevifrons">
+ <SYNONYM name="Laelaps laevifrons" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lateralis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon lateralis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minutus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus minutus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dromiceiomimus">
+ <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell" year="1972"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ emu mimic
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <MASS value="100"/>
+ <MASS value="150"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <SPECIES name="brevitertius" original="Struthiomimus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1926"/>
+ <TIME section="latest" value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="samueli" original="Struthiomimus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1928"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="specimens (adult & juvenile)"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Somewhat longer-limbed than other <LINK content="ornithomimids"/>.
+<NOMEN name="Dromiceiomimus samueli"/> may be ancestral to
+<NOMEN name="D. brevitertius"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dromicosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="van Hoepen" year="1920"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dryosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1894"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ oak lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.7"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4.3"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="altus" original="Laosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah, Wyoming"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ tall
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton, infant specimen, teeth, postcranial elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="canaliculatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Valdosaurus canaliculatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grandis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lull" year="1911"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus affinis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lettowvorbecki" original="Dysalotosaurus">
+ <MISSPELLED name="lettow-vorbecki"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Virchow" year="1919"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="emended" name="Galton" year="1977"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Galton" year="1977"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletal elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dryptosauroides" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Dryptosaurus"/> form
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS content="6 vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="grandis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ grand
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dryptosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ wounding lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <MASS value="1500" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Jersey"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="aquilunguis" original="Laelaps">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1866"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ eagle-clawed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="antiquus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus antiquus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cristatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus cristatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="explanatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus explanatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="falculus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Laelaps falculus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gallicus" status="dubium" original="Laelaps">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1867"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hazenianus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Laelaps hazenianus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="incrassatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Deinodon incrassatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kenabekides" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hay" year="1899"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Deinodon horridus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="laevifrons">
+ <SYNONYM name="Laelaps laevifrons" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="macropus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1868"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus antiquus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ big-footed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="medius" status="dubium" original="Allosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1888"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="potens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Creosaurus potens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="saharicus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Carcharodontosaurus saharicus" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Depéret, Savornin" year="1928"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sarcophagus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus sarcophagus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="trihedrodon">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus trihedrodon" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Once considered a <LINK content="megalosaur"/> (in fact, it was at one
+time used as a subgenus of <NOMEN name="Megalosaurus"/>), this
+medium-sized predator is now recognized as a basal <LINK
+content="coelurosaur"/>, albeit a very late-occurring one. </P>
+
+<P> Some other large-ish, late-surviving, basal coelurosaurs, like <NOMEN
+name="Deltadromeus"/> seem to have some commonalities with <NOMEN
+name="Dryptosaurus"/>. Together they may form a clade (Dryptosauridae).
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dsungaripterus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Junggar <LOW>Basin</LOW> wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <SPECIES name="weii">
+ <REMAINS content="several specimens"/>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1964"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brancai" q="1">
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1980"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dynamosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ dynamic lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="imperiosus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1905"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus rex"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ imperial
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS museum="BMNH" content="lower jaws, vertebrae, ribs" type="holo"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dyoplosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Dioplosaurus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="acutosquameus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus acutosquameus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="giganteus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tarchia gigantea" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gigantic
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dysalotosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ hard-to-catch lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Dypsalotosaurus" author="Galton" year="1973"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Dysalatosaurus" author="Nopcsa" year="1929"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Dysalotasaurus" author="Ostrom" year="1970"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lettowvorbecki">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dryosaurus lettowvorbecki" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dysganus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bad brightness <LOW>(tooth enamel)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <SPECIES name="encaustus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth, tooth fragments"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bicarinatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="haydenianus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="peiganus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dyslocosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ hard-to-place lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="17"/>
+ <LENGTH value="18"/>
+ <MASS value="5000"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial hindlimbs"/>
+ <SPECIES name="polyonychius">
+ <AUTHOR name="MacIntosh, Coombs, D. A. Russell" year="1992"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ many-clawed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> It is unclear whether <NOMEN name="Dyslocosaurus"/> remains came from the
+0 Formation or the Lance Formation. This uncertainty gives it its
+name. It may come from the Late Jurassic, like most other diplodocids, or
+it may be from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), and therefore the
+latest <LINK content="diplodocid"/> known. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dystrophaeus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ coarse joint
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="scapula, ulna, partial forefoot"/>
+ <SPECIES name="viamalae" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Dystylosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ double beam lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="back vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="edwini">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jensen" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be the same thing as <NOMEN name="Supersaurus vivianae"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Echinodon" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Echinosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ prickly tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.6" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="becklessi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1861"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 fragmentary skulls, scutes"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possibly a basal <LINK content="thyreophoran"/> related to <NOMEN
+name="Scutellosaurus"/>. Also suggested as a <LINK
+content="heterodontosaurid"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Echizensaurus" status="unpublished">
+ <TIME value="K"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Edmarka" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>William</LOW> Edmark's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="11"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="left jugal, ribs, scapulocoracoid"/>
+ <SPECIES name="rex">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bakker, Krails, Siegwarth, Filla" year="1992"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ king
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May belong to <NOMEN name="Torvosaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Edmontonia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>the</LOW> Edmonton <LOW>Group's one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="logiceps">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1928"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="4 specimens"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="australis">
+ <MEANING>southern</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Ford" year="2000"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rugosidens" original="Palaeoscincus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1930"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana, S. Dakota, Texas, Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="4 specimens"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="schlessmani" original="Denversaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bakker" year="1988"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, teeth, armor fragments"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <PLACE name="Alaska"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Edmontonia schlessmani"/> may be the same as
+<NOMEN name="E. rugosidens"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Edmontosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Edmonton <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="13"/>
+ <MASS value="3000"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="regalis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1917"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Colorado, N. Dakota, S. Dakota, Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="several specimens, 7 skulls"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ regal
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="altispinus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Benton" year="1993"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="regalis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ tall-spined
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="annectens" original="Claosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Colorado, Montana, Saskatchewan, S. Dakota, Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 specimens, skull elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="copei">
+ <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan copei" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Edward Drinker</LOW> Cope's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1924"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="annectens"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Edmonton <LOW>Group</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minor">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hadrosaurus minor" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minor2">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hadrosaurus minor2" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="saskatchewanensis" original="Thespesius">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1926"/>
+ <PLACE name="Saskatchewan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="several skulls (1 complete)"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Saskatchewan
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <PLACE name="Alaska"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Efraasia">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1973"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ E. Fraas' <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="diagnostica">
+ <SYNONYM name="Thecodontosaurus diagnosticus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Einiosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bison lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 skulls, elements from individuals of various ages"/>
+ <SPECIES name="procurvicornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sampson" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>with</LOW> forward-curving horn
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The nasal horn of <NOMEN name="Einiosaurus"/> curved forward, looking
+something like a bottle-opener. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Elaphrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ light lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <MASS value="200"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bambergi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1920"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="agilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Coelurus agilis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>agile</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gautieri">
+ <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent" year="1960"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" section="early"/>
+ <PLACE name="Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS content="limb elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="iguidensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent" year="1960"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" section="early"/>
+ <PLACE name="Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS content="limb elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="philtippettorum" status="nudum" q="1">
+ <MEANING>Phil Tippett's <LOW>studio's</LOW></MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="humerus" q="1" museum="USNM" id="8415"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" section="early"/>
+ <PLACE name="Africa"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Elaphrosaurus"/> remains are not complete, and it was
+originally classified with the <LINK content="ornithomimosaurs"/>, or
+"ostrich mimics". Placement is still uncertain, although most likely it is
+some type of <LINK content="ceratosaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Elmisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ foot lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <MASS value="15" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="45" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="rarus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osmólska" year="1981"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ rare
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="elegans" original="Ornithomimus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1933"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ elegant
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Elmisaurus elegans"/> may belong to <NOMEN name="Chirostenotes"/>,
+possibly <NOMEN name="C. pergracilis"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Elopteryx" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ marsh wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <MASS value="3"/>
+ <MASS value="5"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Romania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary femora, partial ankles, etc."/>
+ <REMAINS content="cranium" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="nopcsai" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Andrews" year="1913"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Franz</LOW> Nopcsa's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This Transylvanian <LINK content="theropod"/> may be a <LINK
+content="paravian"/> (possibly even a <LINK content="neornithean"/>) or a
+<LINK content="troodontid"/>. The ankles might belong to one or two
+different, but similar, animals (<NOMEN name="Bradycneme draculae"/> and
+<NOMEN name="Heptasteornis andrewsi"/>, here tentatively considered junior synonyms of
+<NOMEN name="Elopteryx nopcsai"/>). </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Elosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ marsh lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="parvus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Peterson, Gilmore" year="1902"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus excelsus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ small
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Elvisaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Holmes" year="1993"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Cryolophosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>Elvis <LOW>Aaron Presley</LOW>'s lizard</MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Emausaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ E<LOW>rnst-</LOW>M<LOW>oritz-</LOW>A<LOW>rndt </LOW>U<LOW>niversität</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ernsti">
+ <AUTHOR name="Haubold" year="1990"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Usually considered a basal <LINK content="thyreophoran"/>, but may
+be a primitive <LINK content="stegosaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Embasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Emba <LOW>River</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Russia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="minax" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1931"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Enaliornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ ocean's bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Europe"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull fragments, neck vertebrae, femur, tarsometatarsus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="barretti">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1876"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sedgwicki">
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Enantiornis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="leali">
+ <AUTHOR name="Walker" year="1981"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. America"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="martini">
+ <PLACE name="Asia"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="walkeri">
+ <PLACE name="Asia"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ opposite bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1" wingspan="1"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> About the size of a vulture. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Enigmosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ enigmatic lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <LENGTH value="7.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial pelvis"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold, Perle" year="1983"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Mongolia
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eoalulavis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ dawn alula bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.17" wingspan="1"/>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Spain"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranium, with impressions of feathers and soft anatomy"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hoyasi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sanz, Chiappe, Perez-Moreno, Buscalioni, Moratalla, Ortega, Poyata-Ariza" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The earliest <LINK content="bird"/> known to have an alula, or
+"bastard wing" -- a group of feathers attached to digit I which aids in
+flight control. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eobrontosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bakker" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ dawn <NOMEN name="Brontosaurus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="yahnahpin" original="Apatosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Filla, James, Redman" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eoceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ dawn horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="canadensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Chasmosaurus canadensis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Canadian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eoenantiornis" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Eoenantiornithes"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ dawn <LINK content="enantiornithean"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS age="juvenileQ" content="specimen"/>
+ <SPECIES name="buhleri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou, Zhou, Feduccia" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eohadrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ dawn <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="caroljonesi" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kirkland" year="1997"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Eolambia caroljonesa"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Carol Jones'
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eolambia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ dawn <LINK content="lambeosaurine"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="latest" value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME section="earliest" value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah"/>
+ <SPECIES name="caroljonesa">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kirkland" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Carol Jones'
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The "proto-<LINK content="lambeosaurine"/>". Was originally going to
+be called <NOMEN name="Eohadrosaurus"/>, until its lambeosaurine affinities
+were ascertained. It is the earliest <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/> known
+(although <NOMEN name="Protohadros"/> is the most primitive). </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eoraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ dawn raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton (missing end of tail)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lunensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Forster, Rogers, Monetta" year="1993"/>
+ <MEANING>from <LOW>the Valley of</LOW> the Moon</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Eoraptor"/>, from the Late Triassic, is the most primitive
+known <LINK content="dinosaur"/> (assuming it's not too primitive to
+be a true dinosaur). </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eosipterus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ east/dawn wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="hindlimbs, forelimbs, misc."/>
+ <SPECIES name="yangi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ji Q., Ji S." year="1997"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Epachthosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Epachtosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>heavy lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <LENGTH value="20"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MACN-CH" id="1317" type="holo" content="partial dorsal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MACN" id="18689" content="6 posterior dorsal vertebrae, fragmentary sacrum, ilium fragment, pubis"/>
+ <REMAINS content="well-preserved specimen"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sciuttoi">
+ <AUTHOR name="J. E. Powell" year="1990"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P> A newer, well-preserved specimen of this animal may show that
+ <NOMEN name="Epachthosaurus"/> is an unarmored(!)
+ <LINK content="titanosaur"/>, as the specimen lack osteoderms.
+ </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Epanterias" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Empaterias"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ buttressed <LOW>vertebrae</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="amplexus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus amplexus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ephoenosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1839"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Epicampodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1885"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauromorpha" incertae="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Erectopus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1923"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ erect foot
+ </MEANING>
+ <MASS value="200"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="France, Egypt, Portugal"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sauvagei">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1923"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="insignis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus insignis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="superbus" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1882"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="sauvagei"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ superb
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Erlikosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Erlicosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Erlik's <LOW>(king of the dead in Mongolian mythology)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <MASS value="160"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, foot, vertebrae, humerus, partial hindlimb"/>
+ <SPECIES name="andrewsi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Perle"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Barsbold, Perle" year="1980"/>
+ <MEANING>Andrews'</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Euacanthus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ good spine
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="vectianus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Tennyson" year="1987"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Polacanthus foxii"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eucamerotus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1882"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ well-chambered
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dorsal vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="foxi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Blows" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eucentrosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chure, McIntosh" year="1989"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Centrosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ true <NOMEN name="Centrosaurus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eucercosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1879"/>
+ <MEANING>well-tailored lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="tanyspondylus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Anoplosaurus tanyspondylus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eucnemesaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ good tibia lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="fortis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="van Hoepen" year="1920"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Euskelosaurus browni"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ strong
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eucoelophysis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ true <NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <MASS value="15"/>
+ <MASS value="30"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Carnian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="baldwini" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sullivan, Lucas" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <REFER page="Coelophysis"/> </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eudimorphodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ true <NOMEN name="Dimorphodon"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Italy"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ranzii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zambelli" year="1973"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Euhelopus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Romer" year="1956"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ true <NOMEN name="Helopus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <MASS value="20000"/>
+ <MASS value="24000"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton, fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="zdanskyi" original="Helopus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wiman" year="1929"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Euoplocephalus">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Erroplocephalus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Euoploasaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Euoplology"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Euplocephalus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Europlocephalus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Europecephalus"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1910"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ well-armored head
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <MASS value="1800"/>
+ <MASS value="3000"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana, Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="40 specimens, 15 skulls, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tutus" original="Stereocephalus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="acutosquameus" original="Dyoplosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1924"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="giganteus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tarchia gigantea" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="magniventris">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ankylosaurus magniventris" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Euoplocephalus acutosquameus"/> may be the same as
+<NOMEN name="E. tutus"/> </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eupodosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Boulenger" year="1981"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Nothosauridae"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ good foot lizard
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eureodon" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="kaiseni" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tenontosaurus tillettorum"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Euronychodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ European claw tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="portucalensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Telles-Antunes, Sigogneau-Russel" year="1991"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Portuguese
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="asiaticus" status="dubium" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
+ <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Asian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Euskelosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Entelosaurus" author="D. E. Russell" year="1971"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Euscelesaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Euscellosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Euscelosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Euskelesaurus" name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ well-limbed lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <MASS value="1800"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Carnian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Lesotho, S. Africa, Zimbabwe"/>
+ <REMAINS content="16 fragmentary skeletons, hundreds of bones"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial tibia" synonym="Orinosaurus capensis"/>
+ <SPECIES name="browni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1866"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="africanus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="emended" name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="browni"/>
+ <MEANING>African</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="capensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Orinosaurus capensis" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="von Huene" year="1906"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fortis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Eucnemesaurus fortis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="molengraaffi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gigantoscelus molengraaffi" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Steel" year="1970"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stormbergensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus stormbergensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Eustreptospondylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ well-reversed vertebra
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="9" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH age="subadult" value="4"/>
+ <LENGTH age="subadult" value="5"/>
+ <MASS age="subadult" value="200"/>
+ <MASS age="subadult" value="250"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS age="subadultQ" content="skeleton, limb elements"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="oxoniensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. A. Walker" year="1964"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cuvieri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Streptospondylus cuvieri" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Georges</LOW> Cuvier's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="divesensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Piveteausaurus divesensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Fabrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Jean</LOW> Fabre's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <TIME value="Sinemurian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Lesotho"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial dentary with teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="australis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ginsburg" year="1964"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ southern
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Might be the same as the better-known <NOMEN name="Lesothosaurus"/>. A
+family named after it, Fabrosauridae, has been proposed to include it,
+<NOMEN name="Agilisaurus"/>, and <NOMEN name="Gongbusaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Fenestrosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Oviraptor"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ windowed lizard
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Frenguellisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Frenguelli's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="ischigualastensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Novas" year="1986"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Ischigualasto <LOW>Group</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Fukuisaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Fukui <LOW>Prefecture</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="premaxilla, maxilla, dentaries, parietal, teeth, vertebrae, sacrum, digits"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Fulengia" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="youngi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Carroll, Galton" year="1977"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Lufengosaurus huenei"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Fulgurotherium" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ lightning beast
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="australe" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary femora" type="holo"/>
+ <MEANING>southern</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <REMAINS content="postcranial elements, teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Futabasaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Futaba <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gadolosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Saito" year="1979"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>The name might be a mistransliteration of "<LINK content="hadrosaur"/>".</P>
+<P>It has been suggested that this may be a juvenile of
+<NOMEN name="Arstanosaurus"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Galesaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="planiceps">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1859"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Galesauridae"/>
+ <MEANING>flat-headed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY><P>
+ Originally placed in <LINK content="Crocodylia"/>, then in
+ <LINK content="Dinosauria"/> by Sauvage in 1883, now known to
+ be a relative of <LINK content="mammals"/>.
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gallimimus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Gallus"/> <LOW>(chicken)</LOW> mimic
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bullatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osmólska, Roniewicz, Barsbold" year="1972"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <MASS value="400"/>
+ <MASS value="500"/>
+ <MEANING>pneumatic</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="several specimens (some juvenile)"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1996"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Mongolia
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <SYNONYM name="Sanchusaurus sp."/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The largest <LINK content="ornithomimosaur"/>, excluding <NOMEN
+name="Deinocheirus"/>. A stampeding herd (flock?) of <NOMEN
+name="Gallimimus"/> was featured in the move <U>Jurassic Park</U>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gallodactylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Fabre" year="1974"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Cycnorhamphus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ fowl finger
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Galtonia">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1994"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>P.</LOW> Galton's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Pennsylvania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="premaxillary teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gibbidens" original="Thecodontosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gansus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="yumensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou, Liu" year="1984"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ Gansu <LOW>Province's one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gargantuavis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>gargantuan bird</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="philoinos">
+ <MEANING>wine-loving</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <REMAINS content="synsacrum, femur" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS content="synsacrum fragment" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="K"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>This enormous <LINK content="bird"/> may be related to
+ <NOMEN name="Patagopteryx"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gargoyleosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ gargoyle lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+ <SPECIES name="parkpini">
+ <AUTHOR name="Carpenter, Miles, Cloward" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY><P>
+May be the same as <NOMEN name="Mymoorapelta"/>.
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Garudimimus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Garuda mimic
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <MASS value="85" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull with incomplete postcrania"/>
+ <SPECIES name="brevipes">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1981"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short-footed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Garudimimus"/> is easily distinguishable from other <LINK
+content="ornithomimoids"/> by the small crest in front of its eyes. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gasosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ gas <LOW>company</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <MASS value="150" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="humerus, pelvis, femur, other postcranial elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="constructus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Tang" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gasparinisaura" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Zulma</LOW> Gasparini's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH age="juvenileQ" value="0.8"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS age="juvenileQ" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="cincosaltensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Coria, Salgado" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gastonia" type="with">
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <MASS value="1000"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="burgei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kirkland" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Genusaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ knee lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ilium, end of pubis, tibia, fibula, femur, tarsus, vertebra"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sisteronis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Accaire, Beaudoin, Dejax, Fries, Michard, Taquet" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Genyodectes" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ biting jaw
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tip of snout"/>
+ <SPECIES name="serus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1901"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> It is not known exactly which formation <NOMEN name="Genyodectes"/>
+came from. It may be the same animal as another <LINK
+content="abelisaur"/>, possibly <NOMEN name="Abelisaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Geosternbergia">
+ <AUTHOR name="Miller" year="1978"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pteranodon sternbergi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ Geo<LOW>rge</LOW> Sternberg's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Geranosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ crane lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary jaw"/>
+ <SPECIES name="atavus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1911"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Germanodactylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1964"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ German finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="cristatus" original="Pterodactylus">
+ <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Wieman" year="1925"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ crested
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rhamphastinus">
+ <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1970"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian" section="late"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Unwin" year="1988"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Germanodactylus cristatus"/> may be an adult <NOMEN
+name="Pterodactylus kochi"/>. <NOMEN name="G. rhamphastinus"/> may
+represent its own genus. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Giganotosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ giant southern lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="13.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="14.3"/>
+ <MASS value="6000"/>
+ <MASS value="8000"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="carolinii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Coria, Salgado" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>Carolini's <LOW>(the discoverer)</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Giganotosaurus"/>, a recently discovered South American
+<LINK content="carcharodontosaurine"/>, outsized the largest known <NOMEN
+name="Tyrannosaurus rex"/> by a full five feet in length and two tons in
+weight. Except for a new, unnamed carcharodontosaurinae, it was the
+largest known carnivore ever to walk upon the surface of the Earth. Unlike
+<NOMEN name="T. rex"/>, it may have hunted animals far, far larger than
+itself -- <LINK content="titanosaurs"/>, largest land animals of all time.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gigantosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ gigantic lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="megalonyx" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus humerocristatus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ big-clawed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gigantosaurus2" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gigantic lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="africanus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Barosaurus africanus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dixeyi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Malawisaurus dixeyi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Janenschia robusta" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gigantoscelus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Gigantoscelis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gigantic limb
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="molengraaffi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="van Hoepen" year="1916"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Euskelosaurus browni"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gigantspinosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Gigantospinosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ giant spine lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="sichuanensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1993"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gilmoreosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brett-Surman" year="1979"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Charles Whitney</LOW> Gilmore's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="2000"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" original="Mandschurosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1933"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimens"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Mongolia
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="arkhangelskyi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull, vertebrae, scapula, sacrum"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="atavus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kyzylkumensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus kyzylkumensis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Kyzyl Kum <LOW>Desert</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Giraffatitan">
+ <AUTHOR name="Paul" year="1988"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Giraffa"/> <LOW>(giraffe)</LOW> Titan
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="22"/>
+ <LENGTH value="30" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="30000"/>
+ <MASS value="80000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 partial skeletons, several skulls, limb elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="brancai" original="Brachiosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1914"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>Usually placed in <NOMEN name="Brachiosaurus"/>, but there are
+ no shared derived traits between <NOMEN name="Brachiosaurus altithorax"/>
+ (the type species) and <NOMEN name="Giraffatitan brancai"/> to support
+ this placement.</P>
+
+ <P> <NOMEN name="Giraffatitan"/>'s nasal crest is the highest one known
+ for <LINK content="sauropods"/>. It was also one of the largest sauropods. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Glyptodontopelta" type="with">
+ <MEANING><LINK content="glyptodont"/> shield</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="mimus">
+ <MEANING>mimicking</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Ford" year="2000"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gnathosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ jaw lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.7"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="jaw pieces, skull, specimens (adult & juvenile)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sublatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1833"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The jaw pieces this species is based on were first
+thought to be <LINK content="crocodilian"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gobipteryx" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="minute">
+ <AUTHOR name="Elzanowski" year="1974"/>
+ <MEANING>minute</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ Gobi <LOW>Desert</LOW> wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="eggs, embryos"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gobisaurus" status="nudum">
+ <MEANING>
+ Gobi <LOW>Desert</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <PLACE name="Asia"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gojirasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Gojira <LOW>(=Godzilla)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH age="subadult" value="5.5"/>
+ <MASS age="subadult" value="150" q="1"/>
+ <MASS age="subadult" value="200" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Carnian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
+ <REMAINS age="subadult" content="individual (ribs, vertebrae, chevron, scapula, gastralia?, pubis, tibia, metatarsal, tooth)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="quayi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Carpenter" year="1997"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gondwanatitan" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Gondwana titan <LOW>(giant of Greek mythology)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="faustoi">
+ <MEANING>Fausto <LOW>L. de Souza Cunha</LOW>'s <LOW>(discoverer)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Kellner, de Azevedo" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" museum="MN" id="4111-V" content="incomplete skeleton"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gongbusaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Kung Pu <LOW>(feudal Ministry of Public Works)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="shiyii" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhao, Zhang" year="1983"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="wucaiwanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1989"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gongxianosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Gongxian <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium, premaxilla"/>
+ <SPECIES name="shibeiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="He, Wang, Liu S., Zhou, Liu T., Cai, Dai" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Either a huge "<LINK content="prosauropod"/>" or a primitive
+<LINK content="sauropod"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gorgosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Gorgon lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <MASS value="2500"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="over twenty skeletons, skeletal elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="libratus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1914"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="horridus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Deinodon horridus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lancensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus rex" status="q" comment="juvenile"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1946"/>
+ <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Lance <LOW>Formation</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lancinator">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1955"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus bataar"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus bataar" status="q" comment="juvenile"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1955"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Matthew, Brown" year="1923"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="libratus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Charles M.</LOW> Sternberg's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Once considered the same as <NOMEN name="Albertosaurus"/>, new
+discoveries have shown <NOMEN name="Gorgosaurus"/> to be distinct. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="G. sternbergi"/> is represented by a juvenile specimen,
+probably the same species as <NOMEN name="G. libratus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Goyocephale" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Goyot/adorned head
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull, nearly complete postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lattimorei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Perle, Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1982"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Graciliceratops" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Forster, Sereno" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Asia"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gracilisuchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="stipanicicorum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Romer" year="1972"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gravisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ heavy lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="tenerensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chabli" year="1988"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Norman" year="1989"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Lurdusaurus arenatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gravitholus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ heavy dome
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="frontoparietal dome"/>
+ <SPECIES name="albertae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wall, Galton" year="1979"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Alberta
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gresslyosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="ingens" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Rütimeyer" year="1857"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ajax">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus ajax" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cambrensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Newtonsaurus cambrensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cloacinus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus cloacinus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="giganteus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus giganteus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ingens2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1898"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Rütimeyer" year="1857"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Camelotia borealis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="magnus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus magnus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="reinigeri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus reinigeri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ robust
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="terquemi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus terquemi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="torgeri" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jaekel" year="1911"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="wetzelianus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus wetzelianus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Griphornis" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Gryphornis"/>
+ <MEANING>Griffon <LOW>(mythological beast -- half eagle, half lion)</LOW> bird</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="longicaudatus" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1862"/>
+ <MEANING>long-tailed</MEANING>
+ <SYNONYM name="Archaeopteryx lithographica"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Griphosaurus">
+ <MEANING>
+ Griffon <LOW>(mythological beast -- half eagle, half lion)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Gryphosaurus"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Wagner" year="1862"/>
+ <SPECIES name="problematicus" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1862"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Archaeopteryx lithographica"/>
+ <MEANING>problematic</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longicaudatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Griphornis longicaudatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gryponyx" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ hooked claw
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="africanus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1911"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ African
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="taylori" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="transvaalensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1912"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Transvaal
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gryposaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ hook<LOW>-nosed</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skulls (10 complete), postcrania, skin impressions"/>
+ <SPECIES name="notabilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1914"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="incurvimanus" original="Kritosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1920"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="latidens">
+ <AUTHOR name="Horner" year="1992"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="selwyni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Trachodon selwyni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Named for its "Roman nose". </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Guaibasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING><LOW>Rio</LOW> Guaiba <LOW>Hydrographic Basin</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <REMAINS content="two incomplete specimens"/>
+ <SPECIES name="candelariensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Ferigolo, Ribeiro" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING>from Candelária</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>This animal has features similar to basal <LINK content="theropods"/>
+ and basal <LINK content="sauropodomorphs"/>, placing it near the root of
+ <LINK content="Saurischia"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gurilynia" type="with">
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial humeri, coracoids"/>
+ <REMAINS content="lower forelimb" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="nessovi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kurochkin" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Nessov's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A large enantiornithean. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gwyneddosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bock" year="1945"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Lepidosauria"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Gyposaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Griposaurus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="capensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1911"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="erectus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Aristosaurus erectus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sinensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1941"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Sauropodomorpha" incertae="1"/>
+ <MEANING>from China</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton" age="juvenile" museum="SAFM" id="990" type="holo"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="skirtopodus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hortalotarsus skirtopodus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hadrosauravus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Hadrosaurus"/> ancestor
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="latidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gryposaurus latidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hadrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Gadrosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ bulky lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Jersey"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial mandible, postcranium, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="foulkii" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1858"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="agilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Claosaurus agilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="annectens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="breviceps">
+ <SYNONYM name="Prosaurolophus breviceps" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cantabrigiensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Telmatosaurus cantabrigiensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cavatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1871"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="minor"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="milo">
+ <SYNONYM name="Agathaumas milo" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minor" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1870"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lesser
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minor2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Colbert" year="1948"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lesser
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mirabilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Trachodon mirabilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="navajovius">
+ <SYNONYM name="Kritosaurus navajovius" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="notabilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gryposaurus notabilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="occidentalis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Thespesius occidentalis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="paucidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lambeosaurus paucidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="perangulatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Diclonius perangulatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Hadrosaurus"/> was the first American
+non-<LINK content="neornithean"/> <LINK content="dinosaur"/> to be described
+from a partial skeleton, and the first non-neornithean dinosaur skeleton to
+be put on exhibit. It is New Jersey's state fossil. </P>
+
+<P> Discovery of <NOMEN name="Hadrosaurus"/> back in 1858 showed that some
+dinosaurs were bipedal, correcting erroneous restorations of
+<NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> and <NOMEN name="Megalosaurus"/> as four-footed
+animals (although nowadays <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>,
+<NOMEN name="Hadrosaurus"/>, and all other <LINK content="iguanodonts"/> are
+thought to be only semi-bipedal).</P>
+
+<P> Despite being the genus which a large group of dinosaurs
+(<LINK content="Hadrosauridae"/>) is named after,
+<NOMEN name="Hadrosaurus"/> is not well known. Missing the skull, the type
+specimen is indistinguishable from other <LINK content="hadrosaurines"/>.
+It may belong to a <LINK content="gryposaurin"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hallopus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Halticosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ nimble lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="mandibular fragment, vertebrae, humerus, ilium, femur, metatarsal"/>
+ <SPECIES name="longotarsus" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ long-ankled
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="liliensterni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Liliensternus liliensterni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="orbitoangulatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Liliensternus orbitoangulatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Might be a <LINK content="coelophysid"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Haplocanthosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ simple spine lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="20"/>
+ <LENGTH value="22"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, Wyoming"/>
+ <SPECIES name="priscus" original="Haplocanthus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hatcher" year="1903"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial postcrania"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="delfsi">
+ <AUTHOR name="McIntosh, Williams" year="1988"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minimus" status="dubium" original="Apatosaurus" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mook" year="1917"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ least
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="sacrum, pelvis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="utterbacki">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hatcher" year="1903"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="priscus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Haplocanthosaurus"/> has been classified as either a
+primitive <LINK content="diplodocimorph"/>, a primitive <LINK
+content="macronarian"/>, or the sister group to <LINK
+content="Neosauropoda"/>. <NOMEN name="H. minimus"/> may be a <LINK
+content="titanosaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Haplocanthus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Agassiz" year="1844"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ simple spine
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="priscus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Haplocanthosaurus priscus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hargeria">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lucas" year="1903"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Hesperornis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Oskar</LOW> Harger's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Harpymimus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Harpy <LOW>(bird-woman monster of Greek Mythology)</LOW> mimic
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <MASS value="125" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull with incomplete postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="okladnikovi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold, Perle" year="1984"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This primitive <LINK content="ornithomimosaur"/> retained ten or
+eleven conical teeth in its lower jaw. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hecatosaurus">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Hecatasaurus"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1910"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Hecate's <LOW>(a demon)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="transylvanicus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Telmatosaurus transylvanicus" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Transylvanian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Heishansaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Heishan lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS content="armor" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="pachycephalus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ thick-headed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally classified as a <LINK content="pachycephalosaur"/>, but
+may be an <LINK content="ankylosaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Helopus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Wagler" year="1832"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ marsh foot
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="zdanskyi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Euhelopus zdanskyi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Heptasteornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ seven towns bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="andrewsi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Harrison, C. A. Walker" year="1975"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Elopteryx nopcsai" status="q"/>
+ <MEANING>Andrews'</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Herbstosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="pigmaeus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Casamiquela" year="1974"/>
+ <MEANING>pygmy</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ Herbst's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Herrerasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Herrera's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <MASS value="200"/>
+ <MASS value="350" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 partial skeletons, postcranial material"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ischigualastensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Reig" year="1963"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Ischigualasto <LOW>Group</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hesperornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ western bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian" section="early"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
+ <SPECIES name="regalis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ regal
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="crassipes">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Parahesperornis gracilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rossica">
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Heterodontosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Heterosaurus" author="Ginsburg" year="1964"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ differently toothed lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.9"/>
+ <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
+ <MASS value="10"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete skeleton, skull, fragmentary jaw"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tucki">
+ <AUTHOR name="Crompton, Charig" year="1962"/>
+ <MEANING>Tuck's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Heterosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ different lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="neocomiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cornuel" year="1850"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon atherfieldensis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> <LINK content="Neocomian"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hierosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wieland" year="1909"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Nodosaurus textilis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Charles M.</LOW> Sternberg's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="coleii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Niobrarasaurus coleii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hikanodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Keferstein" year="1834"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hironosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hisa" year="1988"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Hirono<LOW>-machi</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth, vertebra"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hisanohamasaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Hisano-hama lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Histriasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Istrian lizard</MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Hauterivian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Croatia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="boscarollii">
+ <MEANING><LOW>Dario</LOW> Boscarolli's</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Dalla Vecchia" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Holbotia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Holbotu <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ponomarenkoi" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kurochkin" year="1982"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>Originally assigned to the <LINK content="Pterosauria"/>, but
+ actually a <LINK content="bird"/>, perhaps similar to
+ (or the same as) <NOMEN name="Ambiortus"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Homalocephale" type="with">
+ <MEANING>even head</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="calathocercos">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1974"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Honghesaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1981"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Yandusaurus hongheensis"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hoplitosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lucas" year="1902"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ hoplite <LOW>(ancient Greek infantry)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium with armor plates"/>
+ <SPECIES name="marshi" original="Stegosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lucas" year="1901"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Othniel Charles</LOW> Marsh's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hoplosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ armored lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="ischyrus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus transylvanicus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ strong
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Horezmavis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="eocretacea">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Borkin" year="1983"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>from the</LOW> dawn <LOW>of the</LOW> Cretaceous</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ Khorezm <LOW>Oasis</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hortalotarsus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ young bird ankle
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="partial foot (juvenile)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="skirtopodus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1894"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a juvenile of <NOMEN name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Huabeisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Huabei lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="allocotus">
+ <MEANING>differently-formed</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Pang, Cheng" year="2000"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Huanhepterus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Huan River wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="qinyangensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1982"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Huayangosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Huayang lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete skeleton, 5 fragmentary postcrania"/>
+ <SPECIES name="taibaii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Tang, Zhou" year="1982"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hudiesaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ butterfly <LOW>vertebra</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="30"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="4 teeth, forelimb, first dorsal vertebra"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sinojapanorum" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Chinese-Japanese
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hulsanpes" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Khulsan foot
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial foot"/>
+ <SPECIES name="perlei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osmólska" year="1982"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Had a "switchblade" foot claw. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hunhosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Yandusaurus hongheensis"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hylaeosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Hyaelosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ woodland lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England, France"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 fragmentary postcrania, isolated elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="armatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mantell" year="1833"/>
+ <MEANING>armed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="conybearei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1874"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="foxii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Polacanthus foxii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="northamptoni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Regnosaurus northamptoni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="oweni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mantell" year="1844"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Sir Richard</LOW> Owen's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Hylaeosaurus"/> was one of the original three animals
+used by Sir Richard Owen to define the <LINK content="Dinosauria"/>,
+along with <NOMEN name="Megalosaurus"/> and <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hylosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ woodland lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="mantelli">
+ <AUTHOR name="Fitzinger" year="1843"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Hylaeosaurus armatus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Gideon</LOW> Mantell's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hypacrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ below the top lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <SPECIES name="altispinus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1913"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ high-spined
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletons & skulls (juvenile to adult)"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="casuarius">
+ <SYNONYM name="Corythosaurus casuarius" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lambei">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lambeosaurus lambei" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Lawrence M.</LOW> Lambe's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stebingeri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Horner, Currie" year="1994"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton, fragments, eggs with embryos"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Similar to <NOMEN name="Corythosaurus"/> and <NOMEN name="Barsboldia"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hypselorhachis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="mirabilis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Charig" year="1967"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hypselosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ high ridge lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <MASS value="10000"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="France, Spain"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranial elements from at least 10 individuals"/>
+ <REMAINS content="eggs" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="priscus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Matheron" year="1869"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Fossilized eggs about a foot long from the south of France have been
+attributed to this <LINK content="sauropod"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hypsibema" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ high stride
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="crassicauda" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1869"/>
+ <PLACE name="N. Carolina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae, humerus, tibia, metatarsal"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="missouriensis" status="dubium" original="Neosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore, Stewart" year="1945"/>
+ <PLACE name="Missouri"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Missouri
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hypsilophodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Hypsilophus"/> <LOW>("high ridge" -- iguanid <LINK content="lizard"/>)</LOW> tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2.3"/>
+ <MASS value="25"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England, Spain"/>
+ <REMAINS content="13 skeletons (3 nearly complete), skeletal elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="foxii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1869"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="wielandi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton, Jensen" year="1979"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Hypsirophus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Hypsirhophus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ high roof
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="discurus" status="dubium">
+ <MISSPELLED name="discurus"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus fragilis" status="q"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="seeleyanus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1879"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Stegosaurus armatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stenops">
+ <SYNONYM name="Stegosaurus stenops" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ungulatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Stegosaurus ungulatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Iberomesornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Iberian intermediate bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="romeralli">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sanz, Bonaparte" year="1992"/>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Spain"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ichthyornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ fish<LOW>-like vertebrae</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="N. America"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dispar">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
+ <MEANING>disparate</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="antecessor">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="celer">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatornis celer" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="maltshevskyi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lenesornis maltshevskyi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="victor">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="dispar"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Iguanodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Iguana"/> tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <MASS value="4500"/>
+ <MASS value="5500"/>
+ <SPECIES name="anglicum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Holl" year="1829"/>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth, fragments"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ English
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="atherfieldensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hooley" year="1924"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Belgium, England, Germany, Spain"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 complete skeletons, partial skeletons, teeth, postcrania (juvenile to adult)"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bernissartensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Boulenger"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="van Beneden" year="1881"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Belgium, England, Germany, Spain, Mongolia?"/>
+ <PLACE name="France, Tunisia" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dozens of skeletons (some complete), teeth"/>
+ <LENGTH value="11"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dawsoni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1888"/>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="exogyrarum">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ponerosteus exogyrarum" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fittoni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
+ <PLACE name="England, Spain"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 partial skulls"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="foxii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hypsilophodon foxii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1888"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="atherfieldensis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hilli" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Newton" year="1892"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Craspedodon lonzeensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hoggi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1874"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="lower jaw"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hollingtonensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="fittoni"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="several specimens"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lakotaensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Weishampel, Bjork" year="1989"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Lakota <LOW>Formation</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="major">
+ <SYNONYM name="Streptospondylus major" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mantelli">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1832"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="anglicum"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Gideon</LOW> Mantell's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Whitfield" year="1992"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Altirhinus kurzanovi"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Mongolia
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="orientalis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Rozhdestvensky" year="1952"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="bernissartensis"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Altirhinus kurzanovi"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ eastern
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ottingeri" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton, Jensen" year="1979"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS age="juvenileQ" content="teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="phillipsii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Priodontognathus phillipsii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="praecursor" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1876"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus humerocristatus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ forerunner
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="prestwichii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus prestwichii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="prestwichii2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1897"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Teinurosaurus sauvagei"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="seeleyi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1882"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="bernissartensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="suessi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bunzel" year="1871"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon priscus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="valdensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Vectisaurus valdensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="valdensis2">
+ <SYNONYM name="Camptosaurus valdensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This was the first <LINK content="dinosaur"/> to be scientifically
+recognized. Along with <NOMEN name="Megalosaurus"/> and
+<NOMEN name="Hylaeosaurus"/> it was one of the first three creatures to be
+placed in <LINK content="Dinosauria"/>. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> was originally restored as a four-legged,
+rhinoceros-like beast. Later the "nasal horn" turned out to be a thumb spike.
+Its posture was changed to bipedal, since its hindlimbs were so much longer
+than its forelimbs. Nowadays it, like other large
+<LINK content="iguanodonts"/>, is thought to have been facultatively bipedal,
+that is, primarily quadrupedal, but capable of moving on two legs as well. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> as shown here may be a paraphyletic genus, with
+some species, such as <NOMEN name="I. bernissartensis"/>, closer to
+<LINK content="hadrosauroids"/>. As with most old genera, there is some
+taxonomic sorting to be done. The type species (<NOMEN name="I. anglicum"/>)
+is based on very poor material. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="I. hollingtonensis"/> and <NOMEN name="I. atherfieldensis"/>
+were rather gracile and long-spined, while <NOMEN name="I. dawsoni"/> and
+<NOMEN name="I. bernissartensis"/> were more robust and short-spined. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Iguanosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1824"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Iguana"/> <LINK content="lizard"/>
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Iliosuchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ ilium <LOW>(hip bone) like a</LOW> crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <MASS value="1.5" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 ilia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="incognitus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ incognito
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="clevelandi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Stokesosaurus clevelandi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This tiny creature may be related to <NOMEN name="Stokesosaurus"/>.
+Both may have been very early <LINK content="tyrannosauroids"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ilokelesia" status="nudum" type="none">
+ <AUTHOR name="Coria, Calvo"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Coria" year="1999"/>
+ <SPECIES name="aguadagrandensis" status="unpublished">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Indosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Indian lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <MASS value="700" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull, fragmentary postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="matleyi">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene, Matley" year="1933"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May have had two horns on its head. Had a thick braincase. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Indosuchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Indian crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <MASS value="1000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <SPECIES name="raptorius">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene, Matley" year="1933"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull, postcranial fragments"/>
+ <MEANING>thievish</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rawesi" status="dubium" original="Massospondylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1890"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ingenia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Ingeni<LOW>-Khobur (in the Gobi Desert) one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.8"/>
+ <MASS value="6" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="6 skeletons (some complete)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="yanshini">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1981"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>Professor</LOW> Yanshin's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Ingenia"/> had very odd hands. Most
+<LINK content="tetanurans"/> have a very short first digit, a long second
+digit, and a third digit somewhat shorter than the second.
+<NOMEN name="Ingenia"/> had a short first digit, a shorter second digit, and
+an even shorter third. All fingers were stubby, unlike those of most other
+<LINK content="coelurosaurs"/>, and the claws were small, unlike the large claws
+of its close relative <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/>. </P>
+
+<P> Apart from the hands, it is much like other oviraptorids. It was
+suggested that it might have been the same as <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/>,
+but a different gender. However, the large difference in the hands between
+these two animals seems to go beyond sexual dimorphism. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Inosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ In <LOW>Tendreft</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" section="early"/>
+ <PLACE name="Niger"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, partial tibia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tedreftensis" status="dubium">
+ <MEANING>from <LOW>In</LOW> Tendreft</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent" year="1960"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Irritator" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ irritator
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete (but obfuscated) skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="challengeri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Martill, Cruikshank, Frey, Small, Clarke" year="1996"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Professor</LOW> Challenger's <LOW>(character in A. C. Doyle's <U>The Lost World</U>)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Irritator"/> is known from an unusual skull which was badly
+obscured by amateurs' attempts to exaggerate it with plaster, hence the
+name <NOMEN name="Irritator"/>. The skull has been re-evaluated since its
+initial publication. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Isanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Isan lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="attavipachi">
+ <MEANING><LOW>P.</LOW> Attavipach's</MEANING>
+ <PLACE name="Thailand"/> <!--NE, Nam Phong Fm.-->
+ <TIME value="Norian" section="late" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Rhaetian" q="1"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Buffetaut, Suteethorn, Cuny, Tong, Le Loeuff, Khansubha, Jongautchariyakul" year="2000"/>
+ <REMAINS content="1 cervical, 1 dorsal, and 6 caudal vertebrae; neural arch of posterior dorsal vertebra; 2 chevrons; rib fragments; right sternal plate; scapula; femur"/>
+ <LENGTH age="subadult" value="6.5" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>The earliest known <LINK content="sauropod"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ischisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Ischi<LOW>gualasto Group</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="cattoi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Reig" year="1963"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ischyrosaurus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Cope" year="1869"/>
+ <MEANING>strong/equally-handed lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="25" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="humerus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="manseli" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1874"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1888"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Itemirus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Itemir <LOW>(in the Kyzyl Kum Desert) one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.5" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="braincase"/>
+ <SPECIES name="medullaris">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov" year="1976"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Itemirus"/> is a poorly known <LINK content="theropod"/> of
+medium size. It may be allied with the <LINK content="tyrannosaurids"/>, or
+possibly with the <LINK content="dromaeosaurids"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Iuticosaurus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Le Loeuff" year="1993"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Jutes' <LOW>(Germanic tribe)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Luticosaurus"/>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="20"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="caudal centra"/>
+ <SPECIES name="valdensis" status="dubium" original="Titanosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Jainosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lockley, Lucas, von Meyer" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Jain's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="18"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS content="basicranium, partial postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="septentrionalis" original="Antarctosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene, Matley" year="1933"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a junior synonym of <NOMEN name="Titanosaurus indicus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Janenschia">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wild" year="1991"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Werner</LOW> Janensch's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 hindlimbs, 2 forelimbs, forefoot, back & tail vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="robusta" original="Gigantosaurus2">
+ <AUTHOR name="E. Fraas" year="1908"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Wild" year="1991"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ robust
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dixeyi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Malawisaurus dixeyi" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Lessem, Glut" year="1993"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The earliest known <LINK content="titanosaur"/>. Some material assigned
+to it may be <LINK content="diplodocimorphan"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Jaxartosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Yaxartosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Jaxartes <LOW>River</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull roof, braincase"/>
+ <SPECIES name="aralensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1934"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Aral <LOW>Mountains</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fuyunensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wu" year="1984"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Jenghizkhan">
+ <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Olshevsky, Ford, Yamamoto" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Genghis Khan's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="bataar">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus bataar" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="luanchuanensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Jensenosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="B. D. Curtice, Stadtman, L. J. Curtice" year="1996"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ultrasauros"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Jensen's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Jiangjunmiaosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1987"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Monolophosaurus"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Sinraptor"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Jiangjunmiao lizard
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Jibeinia" type="with">
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <MEANING>Ji Bei <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="luanhera">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="2000"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Jingshanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Jingshan lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7.5"/>
+ <TIME value="EJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull and nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="xinwaensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhang, Yang" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Could be synonymous with <NOMEN name="Yunnanosaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Jobaria" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Jobar <LOW>(creature of Tuareg mythology)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="21"/>
+ <MASS value="18000"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete specimens of various ages"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tiguidensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Larsson, Lyon, Moussa, Sadler, Sidor, Varricchio, G. P. Wilson, J. A. Wilson" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <PLACE name="Niger"/>
+ <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>This newly discovered animal has its own website:
+ <REFER page="http://www.jobaria.org"/></P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Jubbulpuria" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Jubbulpore <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS content="back vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tenuis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Judinornis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="nogontsavensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Borkin" year="1983"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Konstantin Alekseyevich</LOW> Yudin's bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Jurapteryx">
+ <AUTHOR name="Howgate" year="1985"/>
+ <MEANING>Jura wing</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="recurva">
+ <SYNONYM name="Archaeopteryx recurva" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Jurassosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Jurassic <LOW>Park</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="nedegoapeferkimorum" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Holden" year="1992"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tianchisaurus nedegoapeferima"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Sam</LOW> Ne<LOW>ill, Laura</LOW> De<LOW>rn, Jeff</LOW>
+ Go<LOW>ldblum, Sir Richard</LOW> A<LOW>ttenborough, Bob</LOW>
+ Pe<LOW>ck, Martin</LOW> Fer<LOW>rero, Wayne </LOW>K<LOW>night,
+ Ariana R</LOW>i<LOW>chards, & Joseph </LOW>M<LOW>azzello</LOW>'s
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kagasaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hisa" year="1988"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Kaga lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kaijiangosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Kai River lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lini">
+ <AUTHOR name="He" year="1984"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kakuru" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ rainbow serpent
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tibia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="foot claw" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="kujani">
+ <AUTHOR name="Molnar, Pledge" year="1980"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Kakuru"/> is the only known <LINK content="dinosaur"/>
+preserved as opal, a leg bone resembling <NOMEN name="Avimimus"/>. Its
+whereabouts were unknown until recently. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kangnasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Kangnas <LOW>farm</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth, partial hindlimb, postcranial elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="coetzeei" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1915"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Katsuyamakensaurus" status="unpublished">
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Katsuyamasaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Katsuyama lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ulna, tail vertebra"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kelmayisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Kelmayi lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="petrolicus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1973"/>
+ <REMAINS content="maxilla, dentary"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="giganticus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Grady" year="1993"/>
+ <LENGTH value="22" q="1"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gigantic
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebral column"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Kelmayisaurus giganticus"/> has not been described,
+and may be a <LINK content="sauropod"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kentrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Kenthrosaurus" author="Nopcsa" year="1923"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ pointed lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <MASS value="450"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletal elements from several individuals"/>
+ <SPECIES name="aethiopicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hennig" year="1915"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Ethiopian <LOW>(African)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="durobrivensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lexovisaurus durobrivensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES q="1" name="longispinus" original="Stegosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1914"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary postcranium"/>
+ <MEANING>long-spined</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This small <LINK content="stegosaur"/> had triangular plates running
+down its neck that gave way to spikes on its back and tail. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kentrurosaurus">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Centrurosaurus" author="Nopcsa" year="1917"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Kentrorosaurus" author="Young" year="1944"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Kentruruosaurus" author="Bakker" year="1996"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Hennig" year="1916"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ pointed tail lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="aethiopicus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Kentrosaurus aethiopicus" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Hennig" year="1916"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kepodactylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Garden <LOW>Park</LOW> finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="neck vertebra, partial forelimb"/>
+ <SPECIES name="insperatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Harris, Carpenter" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kitadanisaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Kitadani <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="arm, partial leg, partial jaws, teeth"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+ Large for a deinonychosaur.
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kizylkumavis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="cretacea">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1984"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>from the</LOW> Cretaceous</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ Kyzyl Kum <LOW>Desert</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Klamelisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Klameli lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="17"/>
+ <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gobiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao X." year="1993"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Gobi <LOW>Desert</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Suggested as the adult form of <NOMEN name="Bellusaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Koparion" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ scalpel <LOW>tooth</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.5" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="upper tooth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="douglassi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chure" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Could be a tiny, early <LINK content="troodontid"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Koreanosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kim" year="1979"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Korean lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Korea"/>
+ <REMAINS content="femur"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kotasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Kota <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="yamanpalliensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Yadagiri" year="1988"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kritosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ separated lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="navajovius" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1910"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico, Texas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull, postcrania"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Navahos' <LOW>(North American tribe)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="australis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1984"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ southern
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="breviceps">
+ <SYNONYM name="Prosaurolophus breviceps" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grallipes">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pteropelyx grallipes" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="horneri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Anasazisaurus horneri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="incurvimanus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gryposaurus incurvimanus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="latidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gryposaurus latidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="marginatus" status="dubium" original="Trachodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="navajovius"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="notabilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gryposaurus notabilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Kritosaurus australis"/> is the only well-known
+<LINK content="hadrosaurid"/> from the Southern Hemisphere. It may not
+belong to the same genus as the poorly known type of
+<NOMEN name="Kritosaurus"/>. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Anasazisaurus"/> and <NOMEN name="Naashoibitosaurus"/>
+may be variants of <NOMEN name="K. navajovius"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kulceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ lake horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Asia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="maxilla"/>
+ <SPECIES name="kulensis" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kunmingosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Kunming lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="wudingensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Kuszholia">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1992"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ birds' road
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possibly flightless. </P>
+
+<P> Named after <I>Kus Zholi</I>, the Kazakh term for The Milky Way. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Labocania" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ La Bocana <LOW>Roja Formation one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <MASS value="1500" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mexico"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="anomala" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Molnar" year="1974"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ anomalous
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>
+ Although classified as a <LINK content="tyrannosaurid"/>,
+ the remains of this <LINK content="theropod"/> are too scrappy to place it
+ with any certainty.
+ </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Labrosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ greedy lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="lucaris">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus lucaris" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ferox">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus ferox" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fragilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus fragilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="medius">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus medius" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="meriani">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus meriani" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stechowi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Janensch" year="1925"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="steschowi" author="Chabli" year="1986"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ceratosaurus roechlingi"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sulcatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1896"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ceratosaurus nasicornis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="trihedrodon">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus trihedrodon" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Laelaps" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Koch" year="1839"/>
+ <MEANING>Laelaps <LOW>(mythological leaper)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="aquilunguis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus aquilunguis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cristatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus cristatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="explanatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus explanatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="falculus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon mirandis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gallicus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus gallicus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hazenianus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Deinodon horridus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="incrassatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Deinodon incrassatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="incrassatus2" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1892"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus sarcophagus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="laevifrons" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus cristatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="macropus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1868"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus antiquus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ big-footed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="trihedrodon">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus trihedrodon" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Laevisuchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ lucky/left/light crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS type="co" museum="IM" id="K20/613" content="cervical vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS type="co" museum="IM" id="K20/614" content="cervical vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS type="co" museum="IM" id="K20/696" content="cervical vertebra"/>
+ <SPECIES name="indicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>Indian</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lagerpeton" type="with">
+ <LENGTH value="0.7" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="0.45"/>
+ <TIME value="Ladinian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="hindlimb, hips, vertebrae, foot, miscellaneous elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="canarensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Romer" year="1971"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lagosuchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ rabbit crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.4"/>
+ <MASS value="0.09"/>
+ <TIME value="Ladinian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="talampayensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Romer" year="1971"/>
+ <MEANING>from Talampaya <LOW>National Park</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lilloensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Marasuchus lilloensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <REFER page="Marasuchus"/> </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lambeosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Lawrence M.</LOW> Lambe's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lambei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1923"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="7 specimens, 10 skulls (juvenile to adult)"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Lawrence M.</LOW> Lambe's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="clavinitalis">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1935"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="lambei"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="laticaudus" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Morris" year="1941"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mexico"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, postcranial elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="magnicristatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1935"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeleton, skull"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ big-crested
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="paucidens" status="dubium" original="Hadrosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="lambei"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The "hatchet-shaped" crest of <NOMEN name="Lambeosaurus lambei"/> had a
+large, hollow part pointing forward from above the eyes and a spike jutting
+backward. The crest of <NOMEN name="L. magnicristatus"/> had a larger hollow
+section and barely any spike, looking more like <NOMEN name="Corythosaurus"/>
+and its relatives. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lametasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Lameta <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="indicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Matley" year="1923"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Indosuchus raptorius"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Ankylosauria"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Indian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lanasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ wool lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS content="maxilla"/>
+ <SPECIES name="scalpridens">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gow" year="1975"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be the same as <NOMEN name="Lycorhinus angustidens"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lancangosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Datousaurus bashanensis"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lancanjiangosaurus" type="with">
+ <PLACE name="Asia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="cachuensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Laopteryx" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ stone wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Laosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ stone lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="celer">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Othnielia rex"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="altus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dryosaurus altus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="consors">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1894"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Othnielia rex"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1925"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Dryosaurus altus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minimus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Orodromeus minimus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rex">
+ <SYNONYM name="Othnielia rex" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Laplatasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ La Plata lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="18" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="araukanicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina, Uruguay"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial tail, limb elements, dermal armor"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="madagascariensis" status="dubiumQ" original="Titanosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Depéret" year="1896"/>
+ <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 tail vertebrae, scute"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Madagascar
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="wichmannianus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Antarctosaurus wichmannianus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lapparentosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Albert F. de</LOW> Lapparent's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
+ <REMAINS age="juvenile" content="4 partial postcrania, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="madagascariensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1986"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Madagascar
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY><P>This material was originally assigned to <NOMEN name="Bothriospondylus madagascariensis"/>.
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Largirostrisornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ large rostrum bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Aptian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sexdentoris">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ six-toothed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="V. 10531" type="holo" content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Leaellynasaura" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Leaellyn <LOW>Rich's</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull fragments, teeth, postcrania"/>
+ <SPECIES name="amicagraphica">
+ <AUTHOR name="T. Rich, P. Rich" year="1989"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Leaellynasaura"/> is known from the
+mid-<LINK content="Cretaceous"/> of Australia, which was close to the South
+Pole at the time. It had very large eyes, which some have interpreted as an
+adaptation to the long period of winter darkness which occurs near the south
+pole. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lectavis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="brevipedalis">
+ <MEANING>short-footed</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Chiappe" year="1993"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ bed <LOW>(=Lecho Formation)</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Leipsanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Lepanosaurus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="noricus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1918"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus transylvanicus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lenesornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kurochkin" year="1996"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Le<LOW>v Alexandrovich</LOW> Nes<LOW>sov's</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
+ <SPECIES name="maltshevskyi" original="Ichthyornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1986"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Leptoceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ slender horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <MASS value="55"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 skulls (3 complete), skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1914"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cerorhynchus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Montanoceratops cerorhynchus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Bipedal or facultatively quadrupedal. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Leptospondylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ slim vertebra
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="capensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1854"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lesothosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Lesotho lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Lesotho"/>
+ <REMAINS content="4 skulls, skeletal material"/>
+ <SPECIES name="diagnosticus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1978"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ diagnostic
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="australis">
+ <SYNONYM status="objective" name="Fabrosaurus australis"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Norman" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Lesothosaurus"/> could be a junior synonym of
+<NOMEN name="Fabrosaurus"/>. Although the type material of
+<NOMEN name="Fabrosaurus"/> is very similar to <NOMEN name="Lesothosaurus"/>
+material, the <NOMEN name="Fabrosaurus"/> material is very poor,
+and not quite good enough to tell if these two are indeed the same. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Lesothosaurus"/> is the best known
+non-<LINK content="genasaurian ornithischian"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lessemsaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING><LOW>Don</LOW> Lessem's lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="sauropoides">
+ <MEANING><LINK content="sauropod"/>-like</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial articulated spine" comment="mainly neural arches" type="holo"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lestornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1876"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Hesperornis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ thief bird
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lewisuchus" type="with">
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="admixtus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Romer" year="1972"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lexovisaurus">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Lexovsaurus"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Hoffstetter" year="1957"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Lexovix <LOW>(tribe)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England, France"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 partial postcrania, skeletal elements (juvenile to adult)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="durobrivensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1887"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="leedsi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Sarcolestes leedsi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="vetustus" status="dubium" original="Omosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1910"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Plates formerly assigned to <NOMEN name="Lexovisaurus durobrivensis"/> were
+actually the gill rakers of a large <LINK content="fish"/>
+(<NOMEN nolink="1" name="Leedsichthys"/>). </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Liaoningornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Liaoning <LOW>Province</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="longiditrus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1997"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possibly the earliest <LINK content="ornithuran bird"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Liaoxiornis" type="with">
+ <LENGTH value="0.06"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="delicatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou, Chen" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING>delicate</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This tiny <LINK content="bird"/> is the smallest known adult
+<LINK content="dinosaur"/> from the <LINK content="Mesozoic Era"/>,
+under 2½ inches in length, despite its unusually long pygostyle. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Liassaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING><LINK content="Lias"/> lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="huenei" status="nudum">
+ <MEANING><LOW>Friedrich von</LOW> Huene's</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME value="EJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Europe"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tibia" museum="Warwick Museum"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Libycosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="petrocchi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonarelli" year="1947"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Artiodactyla"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY><P>
+Originally described as an <LINK content="iguanodont"/>, but shown by
+de Lapparent in 1954 to be the synonym of a <LINK content="mammalian"/>
+species.
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ligabueino" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Giancarlo</LOW> Ligabue's little <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.7" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, etc."/>
+ <SPECIES name="andesi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>from the</LOW> Andes <LOW>Mountains</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Likhoelesaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="ingens">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ellenberger" year="1972"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauria" incertae="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ferox" status="nudum">
+ <MEANING>fierce</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Ellenberger" year="1972"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="ingens"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ Likhoel lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <ESSAY><P>
+May be the same as <NOMEN name="Basutodon ferox"/>.
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Liliensternus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles" year="1984"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Hugo Rüle von</LOW> Lilienstern's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH age="subadult" value="3"/>
+ <LENGTH age="subadult" value="5"/>
+ <MASS value="400" q="1"/>
+ <MASS age="subadult" value="130"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Norian"/>
+ <TIME value="Rhaetian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="liliensterni" original="Halticosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1934"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial subadult skeletons"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Hugo Rüle von</LOW> Lilienstern's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="airelensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Curry, Galton" year="1993"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth, vertebrae, partial pelvic girdle"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="orbitoangulatus" original="Halticosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ angular-orbited
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Limaysaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Calvo, Salgado"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Novas" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Limay lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tessonei" original="Rebbachisaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Calvo, Salgado" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May belong to <NOMEN name="Rebbachisaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Limnosaurus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ marsh lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="transylvanicus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Telmatosaurus transylvanicus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lingyuanornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Lingyuan bird</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Barremian" section="middle"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="parvus">
+ <MEANING>small</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR year="1999" name="Ji Q., Ji S."/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lirainosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Lirainasaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>slender <LOW>(Basque)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="astibiae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sanz, J. E. Powell, Le Loeuff, Martínez, Pereda-Suberbiola" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>Humberto</LOW> Astiba's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME value="Campanian" section="late"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian" section="early" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Spain"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" content="anterior caudal vertebra"/>
+ <REMAINS type="para" content="occipital part of skull, isolated teeth, dorsal & caudal vertebrae, coracoid, sternal plate, humeri, fragments of ilium & pubis, femors, tibia, osteoderms"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lisboasaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seiffert" year="1973"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Mesoeucrocodylia"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Lisbon lizard
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lonchodectes">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hooley" year="1914"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithocheirus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lance biter
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Loncosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ chief(?) lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="end of femur, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="argentinus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ameghino" year="1899"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Argentinian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Longchengornis" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Langchengornis"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Aptian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
+ <MEANING>Dragon Town <LOW>(Chaoyang)</LOW> bird</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="sanyanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> three <LOW>feudal states of the</LOW> Yan <LOW>Kingdom</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" museum="IVPP" id="V. 10530" content="incomplete skeleton with skull fragments"/>
+ <ESSAY><P>About the size of a <LINK content="sparrow"/>.</P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Longisquama" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ long scales
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="insignis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sharov" year="1970"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Diapsida" incertae="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Longosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles" year="1984"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Long's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="longicollis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Coelurus longicollis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lophorhothon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ crested snout
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alabama, N. Carolina"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mississippi" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeleton, skeletal elements"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="atopus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Langston" year="1960"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Could be a <LINK content="hadrosaurine"/> or a young
+<NOMEN name="Parasaurolophus"/>. Had a small bump in front of its eyes. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Loricosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="scutatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus australis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lourinhanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Lourinhã <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4.5"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" content="cervical, dorsal, & caudal vertebrae; ribs; chevrons; pelvic girdle; hindlimbs; gastroliths"/>
+ <REMAINS content="eggs with embryos"/>
+ <SPECIES name="antunesi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mateus" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lourinhasaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dantas, Sanz, Da Silva, Ortega, Dos Santos, Cachco" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Lourinhã <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="17"/>
+ <MASS value="15000"/>
+ <MASS value="20000"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcrania, tail vertebrae, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="alenquerensis" original="Apatosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent, Zbyszewski" year="1957"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally assigned to <NOMEN name="Apatosaurus"/>, and then to
+<NOMEN name="Camarasaurus"/>, new material shows that this Portuguese
+species to belong to a separate genus. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Luanpingosaurus" type="with">
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="jingshanensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cheng"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Chen" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lucianosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Luciano <LOW>Mesa</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Norian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="wildi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lufengocephalus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Lu-feng <LOW>Series</LOW> head
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="tawae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1974"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tawasaurus minor"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lufengosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Lu-Feng <LOW>Series</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="over 30 skeletons (some complete, some juvenile)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="huenei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1941"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Friedrich von</LOW> Huene's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="changduensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="magnus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1942"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="huenei"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ big
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lukousaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Lukou <LOW>Bridge</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="yini">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1948"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauria" incertae="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lurdusaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ weighty lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Niger"/>
+ <SPECIES name="arenatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Taquet, D. A. Russell" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <MASS value="5000"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" museum="MMHN GDF" id="1700" content="partial skull postcranium missing parts of pelvis & pes"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Previously known as <NOMEN name="Gravisaurus"/>. A bulky, massively
+constructed <LINK content="iguanodont"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lusitanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Lusitanian <LOW>(=Portuguese)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull fragment, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="liassicus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent, Zbyszewski" year="1957"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Lias <LOW>(=<LINK content="Early Jurassic"/>)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Probably a basal <LINK content="thyreophoran"/> of some kind. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Lycorhinus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ wolf snout
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary"/>
+ <SPECIES name="angustidens">
+ <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="angusticeps" author="Gow" year="1991"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="consors">
+ <SYNONYM name="Abrictosaurus consors" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tucki">
+ <SYNONYM name="Heterodontosaurus tucki" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Thulborn" year="1970"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally thought to be a mammal, since its sharp tusks look like
+canine teeth. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Macelognathus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1884"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Macrodontophion" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zborzewski" year="1834"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Reptilia" incertae="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Macrophalangia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ big phalanges
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="canadensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1932"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Chirostenotes pergracilis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Canadian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="elegans">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus elegans" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Macroscelosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Münster"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="von Meyer" year="1847"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ big limb lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Macrurosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ big-tailed lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae, elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="semnus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1896"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="platypus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Acanthopholis platypus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Madsenius" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Magnosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ large lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <MASS value="150" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="200" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Aalenian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Bajocian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <SPECIES name="nethercombensis" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1923"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentaries, teeth, postcranial fragments"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lydekkeri" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1926"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="woodwardi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Walgettosuchus woodwardi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Magulodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ cheek tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Maryland"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="muirkirkensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kranz" year="1996"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Muirkirk
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Magyarosaurus">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Maggiarosaurus"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Magyars' <LOW>European tribe</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dacus" original="Titanosaurus">
+ <PLACE name="Hungary, Romania"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1915"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranial remains from at least 10 individuals"/>
+ <REMAINS q="1" content="osteoderm"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hungaricus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="dacus"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fibula"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Hungarian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="transylvanicus">
+ <PLACE name="Romania"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranial material"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Transylvanian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A dwarf <LINK content="sauropod"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Maiasaura" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ mother lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="over 200 skeletons (from embryo to adult), eggs"/>
+ <SPECIES name="peeblesorum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Horner, Makela" year="1979"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Babies have been found of this <LINK content="duck-bill"/>. They hatched
+in great earthen nests, like those of crocodiles or mallee fowl, and were
+watched over by the parents. The nests, each containing 20-30 eggs, were
+grouped in colonies for better protection against predators. </P>
+
+<P> Infant <NOMEN name="Maiasaura"/> about three feet long have been found.
+The eggs were much smaller, on level with those of today's largest birds. The
+relatively tiny baby <LINK content="hadrosaurids"/> had a lot of growing to
+do before they could become 30- to 40-foot-long fully grown duck-bills. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Maiasaura"/> had a very small, spiky crest in front of its
+eyes. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Majungasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Majunga lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial dentary, teeth, tail vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="crenatissimus" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Depéret" year="1896"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Lavocat" year="1955"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be the same as <NOMEN name="Majungatholus"/>, but material is too
+scant to be certain. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Majungatholus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Majunga dome
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
+ <PLACEn name="Egypt, India" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="adult individual (nearly complete skull, most of tail), immature individual (incomplete skull, spine except for tail, ilium, ribs), etc."/>
+ <SPECIES name="atopus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sues, Taquet" year="1979"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Majungatholus"/>. was originally thought to be a
+<LINK content="pachycephalosaur"/>. Then it was synonymized with
+<NOMEN name="Majungasaurus"/>, an <LINK content="abelisaur"/> known from part
+of a jawbone. More recently, <NOMEN name="Majungasaurus"/> material has been
+judged too poor to make synonymy certain. </P>
+
+<P> This animal had a small horn above its eyes. The skull was nearly 60cm
+long. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Malawisaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jacobs, Winkler, Downs, Gomani" year="1993"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Malawi lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Malawi"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, ischium, pubis, partial scapula, sternal plates, premaxilla, dentaries, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dixeyi" original="Gigantosaurus2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1928"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Jacobs, Winkler, Downs, Gomani" year="1993"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Maleevosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Pickering" year="1984"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Carpenter" year="1992"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Eugene Alexandrovich</LOW> Maleev's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus novojilovi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Maleevus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Tumanova" year="1987"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Eugene Alexandrovich</LOW> Maleev's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="disparoserratus" original="Syrmosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1952"/>
+ <MEANING>disparately serrated</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Mamenchisaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Mamemchisaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Mamenchiosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Mamenchisaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Mammenchisaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Menenchisaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Mamenxi <LOW>Ferry</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="22"/>
+ <LENGTH value="25"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="constructus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1954"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="anyuensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="He, Yang, Cai, Li, Liu" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="changshouensis" original="Omeisaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1958"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fuxiensis" original="Zigongosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou, Zhao, Chu" year="1976"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gongjianensis" status="nudum" original="Omeisaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhang, Zhen" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="guangyuanensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhang, Li, Zeng" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hochuanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young, Zhao" year="1972"/>
+ <MASS value="11500"/>
+ <REMAINS content="4 partial postcrania"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="jingyangensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhang, Li, Zeng" year="1998"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary specimen with skull"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="luoquanensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Omeisaurus luoquanensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sinocanadorum">
+ <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell, Zheng" year="1995"/>
+ <LENGTH value="26"/>
+ <MASS value="17500"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull, partial skull, neck vertebrae, ribs"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Chinese-Canadian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tianfuensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Omeisaurus tianfuensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="yangi" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1993"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="youngi"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="yaochinensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="He, al." year="1996"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Dong" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="youngi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Pi, Ouyang, Ye" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="youngsi" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ouyang"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhang, Chen" year="1996"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="youngi"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Mandschurosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1930"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Manchurian lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="amurensis" status="dubium" original="Trachodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1925"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="jiainensis" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Luo, Zhang, Li" year="1983"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="amurensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="laosensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hoffet" year="1943"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Iguanodontia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ilium"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Mongolian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Manospondylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>porous vertebra</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="gigas" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1892"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus rex"/>
+ <MEANING>giant</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="3982" content="2 dorsal vertebrae" type="holo"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amplus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon amplus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Marasuchus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Arcucci" year="1994"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ mara crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.4"/>
+ <MASS value="0.1"/>
+ <TIME value="Ladinian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lilloensis" original="Lagosuchus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Romer" year="1972"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The name <NOMEN name="Marasuchus"/> was given to some specimens
+formerly referred to <NOMEN name="Lagosuchus"/>. However, the type specimen
+of <NOMEN name="Lagosuchus"/> is too fragmentary to be sure that the
+<NOMEN name="Marasuchus"/> specimens are the same animal as it. </P>
+
+<P> This genus is named after the mara, a South American hare-like
+relative of guinea pigs. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Marmarospondylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ marble vertebra
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bothriospondylus robustus" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ robust
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Marshosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Othniel Charles</LOW> Marsh's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <MASS value="200" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="250" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah, Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bicentisimus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Madsen" year="1976"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ bicentennial <LOW>(of the U.S.A.)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Massospondylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ large vertebra
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Lesotho, Namibia, S. Africa, Zimbabwe"/>
+ <PLACE name="Arizona" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="carinatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1854"/>
+ <REMAINS content="over 80 partial skeletons (juvenile to adult), 4 skulls, isolated elements, gastroliths, etc."/>
+ <REMAINS content="eggs" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="browni" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1895"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="carinatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="harriesi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1911"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="carinatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hislopi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1890"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="huenei">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lufengosaurus huenei" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rawesi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Indosuchus rawesi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="schwarzi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="carinatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A nest of six eggs, 26 inches long and 22 inches in diameter, may belong
+to <NOMEN name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Megacervixosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ big-necked lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth, vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tibetensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Tibetan
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Megadactylus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Fitzinger" year="1843"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ big finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="polyzelus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Anchisaurus polyzelus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Megadontosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ big-toothed lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="ferox" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Ostrom" year="1970"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Microvenator celer"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Deinonychus antirrhopus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ fierce
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Megalancosaurus">
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauromorpha" incertae="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Megalosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ big lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Melagosaurus" author="Depéret, Savornin" year="1928"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bucklandii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ritgen" year="1826"/>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <MASS value="900"/>
+ <MASS value="1500"/>
+ <PLACE name="England, France"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary, teeth, postcranial elements"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>William</LOW> Buckland's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="andrewsi">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Tetanurae" incertae="1"/>
+ <MEANING>Andrews'</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="aquilunguis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus aquilunguis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="argentinus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Loncosaurus argentinus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bradleyi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Proceratosaurus bradleyi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bredai">
+ <SYNONYM name="Betasuchus bredai" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cambrensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Newtonsaurus cambrensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="chubutensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="del Corro" year="1974"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Chubut <LOW>Province</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cloacinus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Quenstedt" year="1858"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="conybearei">
+ <SYNONYM name="bucklandii"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="crenatissimus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Majungasaurus crenatissimus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cuvieri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Streptospondylus cuvieri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dabukaensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
+ <PLACE name="Asia"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="destructor">
+ <SYNONYM name="Nuthetes destructor" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dunkleri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Altispinax dunkleri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hesperis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Walkersaurus hesperis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="horridus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Deinodon horridus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hungaricus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1902"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Theropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Hungary"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Hungarian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="incognitus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Iliosuchus incognitus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="inexpectatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="del Corro" year="1966"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Theropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ unexpected
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ingens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ceratosaurus ingens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="insignis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Eudes-Deslongchamps, Lennier" year="1870"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth, postctranial elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lonzeensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus lonzeensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lydekkeri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Magnosaurus lydekkeri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="matleyi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Indosaurus matleyi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="meriani">
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus meriani" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="nasicornis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ceratosaurus nasicornis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="nethercombensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Magnosaurus nethercombensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="obtusus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Henry" year="1876"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ obtuse
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="oweni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Valdoraptor oweni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pannoniensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="parkeri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Metriacanthosaurus parkeri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="poikilopleuron">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1923"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Poekilopleuron bucklandii"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ varyingly-sided
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="phillipsi" status="nudum">
+ <MEANING><LOW>John</LOW> Phillips'</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pombali" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent, Zbyszewski" year="1957"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rawesi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Indosuchus rawesi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="saharicus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Carcharodontosaurus saharicus" status="objective"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="africanus" author="von Huene" year="1956"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="schmidti">
+ <SYNONYM name="Poekilopleuron schmidti" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <TIME value="Aalenian"/>
+ <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="superbus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Erectopus superbus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tanneri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Torvosaurus tanneri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="terquemi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1926"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tibetensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
+ <PLACE name="China" q="1"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Tibetan
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="valens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Antrodemus valens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="wetherilli">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dilophosaurus wetherilli" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="woodwardi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Walgettosuchus woodwardi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This was the first non-<LINK content="neornithean"/>
+<LINK content="dinosaur"/> to be formally named and described
+(<NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> had been discovered earlier, but wasn't published
+until later.) Along with <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> and
+<NOMEN name="Hylaeosaurus"/>, it was one of the original animals placed in
+<LINK content="Dinosauria"/>. </P>
+
+<P> Early restorations showed it as quadrupedal(!) In fact, it and other
+<LINK content="torvosaurids"/> had very short forelimbs, even for
+<LINK content="theropods"/>. </P>
+
+<P> This genus has over the years been used as a grab-bag for all kinds of
+<LINK content="theropod"/> species, and even some non-theropods.
+There is much taxonomic sorting to be done on these. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Megaraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>big raider</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MCF-PVPH" id="79" content='"sickle claw", metatarsal, ulna, finger'/>
+ <SPECIES name="namunhuaiquii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Novas" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>foot-lanced</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possibly a <LINK content="deinonychosaur"/>. If so, it would be the
+largest one, beating out <NOMEN name="Utahraptor"/>. Its "sickle claw" was
+14 inches long. This claw inspired its specific name, which is Mapuche for
+"foot lance". </P>
+
+<P> It has been suggested that this may be the adult version of the
+<LINK content="avialan"/> <NOMEN name="Unenlagia"/>. They are from the same
+time and place, and there is no overlapping material between them.
+More material must be found to verify or falsify this.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Melanorosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Melanosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ black mountain lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Carnian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="readi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial limbs, partial pelvis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="thabanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gauffre" year="1993"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Meniscoessus">
+ <SPECIES name="caperatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tripriodon caperatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Merosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="newmani" status="nudum">
+ <MEANING>Newman's</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="knee joint"/>
+ <REMAINS content="etc." q="1"/>
+ <ESSAY><P>Based on remains originally assigned to <NOMEN name="Scelidosaurus harrisonii"/>.</P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Mesadactylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ mesa finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ornithosphyos">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jensen, Padian" year="1989"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Metriacanthosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. A. Walker" year="1964"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ medium spine lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <MASS value="1000"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Oxfordian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <SPECIES name="parkeri" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1926"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brevis" status="nudum">
+ <MEANING>short</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="reynoldsi" status="nudum">
+ <MEANING>Reynolds'</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="shangyouensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Perhaps a <LINK content="sinraptorid"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Microcephale" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sereno" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ small head
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial crania"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Yet to be described. Based on two 2-inch-wide skull tops.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Microceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ small horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.6"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull, skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gobiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Gobi <LOW>Desert</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sulcidens">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="gobiensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Tiny and bipedal.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Microcoelus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Microsaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ small hollow
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="patagonicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1893"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus australis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Patagonian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="australis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus australis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Microdontosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ small-toothed lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dayensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Microhadrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ small <NOMEN name="Hadrosaurus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary with teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="nanshiungensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1979"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Nanxiong
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Micropachycephalosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Micropachycephale"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ small <NOMEN name="Pachycephalosaurus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial mandible, postcranial fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hongtuyanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1978"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Micropachycephalosaurus"/> bears the dubious honor of the <LINK content="dinosaur"/>
+ with the longest generic name, with 23 letters and 9 syllables. For such a
+ huge name, it was actually a pretty small dinosaur, one of the smallest of
+ all non-<LINK content="avian"/> dinosaurs.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Microsaurops">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1963"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Microcoelus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ small lizard face
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Microvenator" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ small hunter
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH age="juvenile" value="1.2"/>
+ <MASS age="juvenile" value="3" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="celer">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ostrom" year="1970"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS age="juvenileQ" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="chagyaensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao, Li" year="1986"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> When first found, <NOMEN name="Microvenator"/> was associated with the teeth of the
+ larger <NOMEN name="Deinonychus"/>. Hence it was reconstructed with an oversized head and
+ informally dubbed <NOMEN name="Megadontosaurus ferox"/> ("fierce, big-toothed lizard").</P>
+
+<P> Although sometimes classified as a <LINK content="caenagnathid"/>, it is too
+ primitive.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Mifunesaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hisa" year="1985"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Mifune <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth, metatarsal, tibia, phalanx"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Minmi" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Minmi <LOW>Crossing one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton, fragmentary postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="paravertebrata">
+ <AUTHOR name="Molnar" year="1980"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ vertebrate-like(?)
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This animal has the shortest genus name of any
+ non-<LINK content="neornithean"/> <LINK content="dinosaur"/>.
+
+ Once considered an <LINK content="ankylosaurid"/> due to a supposed club at the end of its tail,
+ but the club turned out to be an artifact of preservation. Instead, it is
+ probably a very primitive <LINK content="ankylosaur"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Mochlodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ barred tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="suessi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon suessi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="inkeyi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon inkeyi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="priscus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon priscus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon robustus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Mongolosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Mongolisaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Mongolian lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Berriasian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth, basioccipital, neck vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="haplodon" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1933"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Monkonosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Monko <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 vertebrae, sacrum, 3 plates"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lawulacus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Dong" year="1990"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Monoclonius" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ one stick
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <SPECIES name="crassus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 skulls"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="albertensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus albertensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="apertus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Centrosaurus apertus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="belli">
+ <SYNONYM name="Chasmosaurus belli" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="canadensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Chasmosaurus canadensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cutleri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Centrosaurus cutleri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dawsoni" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Centrosaurus apertus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fissus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1889"/>
+ <REMAINS content="pterygoid"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="flexus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1914"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Centrosaurus apertus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lowei" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1940"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="crassus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="montanensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Brachyceratops montanensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="nasicornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1917"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Centrosaurus apertus"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus albertensis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ nose-horned
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="recurvicornis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1889"/>
+ <REMAINS content="braincase, 3 horns, fragments"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>with a</LOW> recurved horn
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sphenocerus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Styracosaurus sphenocerus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be the subadult of another <LINK content="centrosaurine"/> genus or a valid genus
+with paedomorphic (juvenile-like) features.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Monolophosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ single crest lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
+ <SPECIES name="jiangi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao, Currie" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="jiangjiunmiaoi" status="nudum">
+ <SYNONYM name="jiangi"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Mononychus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Schüppel" year="1824"/>
+ <MEANING>one claw</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="olecranus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Mononykus olecranus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Mononykus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Perle, Norrell, Chiappe, Clark" year="1993"/>
+ <MEANING>one claw</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="olecranus" original="Mononychus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Perle, Norrell, Chiappe, Clark" year="1993"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>with a large</LOW> olecranon <LOW>process (elbow)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Characteristics of the odd, singly-digited forelimbs seem to indicate
+ proficiency at digging. These include a large olecranon and possibly the
+ keel on the sternum. A mole-like lifestyle has been proposed, but this
+ does not agree with the long, cursorial hindlimbs. Instead, it is possible
+ that <NOMEN name="Mononykus"/> filled an ant-eating niche, similar to today's
+ numbats and aardvarks.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Montanazhdarcho">
+ <AUTHOR name="Padian, Ricqles, Horner" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Montana <NOMEN name="Azhdarcho"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial forelimb"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Montanoceratops">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1951"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Montana horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="cerorhynchus" original="Leptoceratops">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1942"/>
+ <MEANING>horn-nosed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Bore a small horn on its nose. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Morinosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Morini <LOW>(ancient French tribe)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="typus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1874"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ischyrosaurus manseli"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Morosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>moronic lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="impar">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus grandis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="agilis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Eusauropoda"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
+ <MEANING>
+ agile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="becklessi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus becklessi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brevis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Cetiosaurus brevis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grandis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus grandis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lentus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus lentus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="marchei" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1897"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus insignis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1878"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus grandis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ robust
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally assigned to a now-defunct genus (synonymous with
+ <NOMEN name="Camarasaurus"/>), <NOMEN name="Morosaurus agilis"/> awaits a new generic name. It might be
+ related to <NOMEN name="Cetiosaurus"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Moshisaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hisa" year="1985"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary humerus"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Mussaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Mussasaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ mouse lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH age="juvenile" value="0.2"/>
+ <TIME value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="eggs, 10 skeletons and 4 skulls (juvenile)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="patagonicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Vince" year="1979"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Patagonian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Mussaurus"/> is known only from infant specimens, which
+ were extremely small (nine inches long). The eggs were
+ not much more than an inch long. <NOMEN name="Coloradisaurus"/> may be
+ the adult version.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Muttaburrasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Muttaburra lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="langdoni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bartholomai, Molnar" year="1981"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 skeletons (1 fragmentary)"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp." q="1">
+ <REMAINS museum="QM" id="F14921" content="skull"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Unlike other <LINK content="ornithopods"/>, <NOMEN name="Muttaburrasaurus"/>
+ may have replaced all of its teeth simultaneously, instead
+ of one at a time.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Mymoorapelta" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Mygatt-Moore <LOW>Quarry</LOW> shield
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.7"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ilium, vetrebrae, ribs, ulna, metacarpal, armor, pedal elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="maysi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kirkland, Carpenter" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Naashoibitosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Naashoibito <LOW>Member</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ostromi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1993"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>John</LOW> Ostrom's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a variant of <NOMEN name="Kritosaurus navajovius"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nanantius" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="eos">
+ <AUTHOR name="Molnar" year="1986"/>
+ <MEANING>dawn</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="tibiotarsus" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial tibiotarsus, vertebra" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="valifanovi">
+ <PLACE name="Asia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fairly complete skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ dwarf opposite <LOW>bird (=<LINK content="enantiornithean"/>)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> About the size of the average <LINK content="songbird"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Nannosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ dwarf lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth molds"/>
+ <SPECIES name="agilis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ agile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rex">
+ <SYNONYM name="Othnielia rex" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nanotyrannus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bakker, Williams, Currie" year="1988"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ dwarf tyrant
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="lancensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nanshiungosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Nanxiong lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="brevispinus">
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1979"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebral column (excluding tail), pelvis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short-spined
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bohlini">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, You" year="1997"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="presacral vertebrae, ribs"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Therizinosauridae" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nanyangosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Nanyang lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="zhugeii">
+ <MEANING>Zhuge <LOW>Liang</LOW>'s</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="V 11821" type="holo" content="8 dorsal, 6 sacral & 36 caudal vertebrae; 3 proximal chevron; humerus; radius; ulna; incomplete manus; partial ischium; femur; tibia; fibula; astragalocalcaneum, pes"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/> <!--Sangping Fm.-->
+ <LENGTH value="4.5"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Xu, Zhao, Lü, Huang, Li, Dong" year="2000"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>Hails from the Sangping Formation.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nectosaurus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Merriam" year="1905"/>
+ <SPECIES name="navajovius" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Versluys" year="1910"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Kritosaurus navajovius"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Navahos' <LOW>(North American tribe)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nedcolbertia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Edwin H. (</LOW>Ned<LOW>)</LOW> Colbert's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 partial skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="justinhoffmani">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kirkland, Britt, Whittle, S. K. Madsen, Burge" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>Justin Hoffman's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="whittlei" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1996"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="justinhoffmani"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY><P>
+ This species was originally to be named after its discoverer (Whittle),
+ but instead was named after the young boy who won a contest to have
+ it named after himself.
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nemegtosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Nemagtosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Nemegitosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Nemegt <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nowinski" year="1971"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Mongolia
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pachi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1977"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="skarzynskii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Opisthocoelicaudia"/> may be the body of <NOMEN name="Nemegtosaurus"/>, but
+further material is needed to be certain. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Neosaurus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Nopcsa" year="1923"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ new lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="missouriensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hypsibema missouriensis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Missouri
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Neosodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="de la Moussaye" year="1885"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ new type <LOW>of</LOW> tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="praecursor">
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon praecursor" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Neovenator" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ new hunter
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <LENGTH value="10" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton" type="para"/>
+ <REMAINS content="phalangeal material"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="salerii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hutt, Martill, Barker" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nesodactylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ island finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Cuba"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hesperius">
+ <AUTHOR name="Colbert" year="1969"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ western
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Neuquenornis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="volans">
+ <MEANING>flying</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Chiappe"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Chiappe, Calvo" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ Neuquén <LOW>Province</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Neuquensaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="J. E. Powell" year="1992"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Neuquén <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 individuals (vertebrae, humerus, femur, armor; limb bones, pelvis, majority of tail, two osteoderms)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="australis" original="Titanosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1893"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ southern
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus" status="dubium" original="Titanosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Saltasaurus loricatus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ robust
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Armor scutes from this animal were originally thought to be from an
+ <LINK content="ankylosaur"/> (<NOMEN name="Loricosaurus"/>). </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Newtonsaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles" year="1995"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Welles, Pickering" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING>Newton's lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="cambrensis" status="dubiumQ" original="Zanclodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Newton" year="1899"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Welles, Pickering" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <PLACE name="Wales"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ngexisaurus" type="with">
+ <TIME value="J" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dapukaensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1982"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nigersaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Nigerian lizard</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="specimen" type="holo"/>
+ <SPECIES name="taqueti">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Larsson, Lyon, Moussa, Sadler, Sidor, Varricchio, G. P. Wilson, J. A. Wilson" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING>Taquet's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <PLACE name="Niger"/>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>This animal had numerous small teeth, arranged similarly to the
+ "dental batteries" of <LINK content="cerapods"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ninghsiasaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1965"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Pinacosaurus ninghsiensis"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Niobrarasaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Carpenter, Dilkes, Weishampel" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Niobrara <LOW>chalk</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae, 2 chevrons, ribs, scapulocoracoid, ilium, forelimb, hindlimb, astragalus, calcaneum, armor"/>
+ <SPECIES name="coleii" original="Hierosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mehl" year="1936"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nipponosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Nippon <LOW>(=Japan)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Russia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton (juvenile)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sachalinensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nagao" year="1936"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Sakhalin <LOW>Island</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Could be the young of another <LINK content="lambeosaurin"/> genus.
+
+ Found in 1935 on the island of Sakhalin, which belonged to Japan at the
+ time (hence the name).
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Noasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>N<LOW>or</LOW>o<LOW>este (Northwest) </LOW>A<LOW>rgentina</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <MASS value="15"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull & foot elements, vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="leali">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, J. E. Powell" year="1980"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Noasaurus"/> was a smaller predator which sported a huge hyperextendable
+"switchblade" claw on each foot, much like those of
+<LINK content="dromaeosaurids"/> and <LINK content="troodontids"/>. The claws were
+different in structure, having a pit for the flexor muscle attachment
+instead of a knob as in the other two groups. The evolution of such
+superficially similar structures in three separate groups of small
+<LINK content="Cretaceous"/> <LINK content="theropods"/> is a striking
+example of convergent evolution. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nodocephalosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ node head lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
+ <SPECIES name="kirtlandi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sullivan" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Kirtland <LOW>Formation</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nodosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ node lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming, Kansas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 fragmentary postcrania"/>
+ <SPECIES name="textilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="armatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus armatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="coleii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Niobrarasaurus coleii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ischyrus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hoplosaurus ischyrus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="landerensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Stegopelta landerensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hierosaurus sternbergi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Noguerornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Noguera <LOW>River</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Spain"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gonzalezi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lacasa-Ruiz" year="1989"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nomingia" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="gobiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold, Osmólska, Watabe, Currie, Tsogtbataar" year="2000"/>
+ <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Gobi <LOW>Desert</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <TIME value="LK" section="latest"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>The only non-<LINK content="avian"/> <LINK content="dinosaur"/> known
+to have a pygostyle (a fusion of vertebrae at the end of the tail).</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Noripterus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="complicidens">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1973"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ lake wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="2.1"/>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="several incompete specimens"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Normannognathus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Normandy jaw
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.1"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial jaws"/>
+ <SPECIES name="wellnhoferi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Buffetaut, J.-J. LePage, G. LePage" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Peter</LOW> Wellnhofer's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Notoceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ southern horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary (lost)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bonarelli" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Tapia" year="1918"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally thought to be a <LINK content="ceratopsian"/>, but could
+ be a <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Notohypsilophodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ southern <NOMEN name="Hypsilophodon"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" age="juvenile" content="cervical, dorsal, sacral & caudal vertebrae; rib fragments; partial scapula; coracoid; humerus; ulnae; partial femur; tibiae; fibulae; astrgalus; calcaneum; 13 pedal phalanges (including 3 unguals)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="comodorensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Martínez" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY><P>
+ May be a <LINK content="dryosaurid"/>.
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nqwebasaurus" type="with">
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
+ <SPECIES name="thwazi">
+ <AUTHOR name="de Klerk, Forster, Sampson, Chinsamy, Ross" year="2000"/>
+ <REMAINS nickname="Kirky" type="holo" content="70% of an articulated skeleton, including fragmentary cranium (frontals, parietal, partial basicranium, sclerotic ring), 7 postaxial cervical vertebrae, pectoral girdles, forelimbs, pubic shaft, partial femora, tibiae, fibulae, pedes, isolated centra and neural arches"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>The first named <LINK content="dinosaurian"/> genus with a
+ click sound (the "q" represents a palatal click, made against the roof of
+ the mouth).</P>
+ <P>The first digit had a very large claw.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nurosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Nuoerosaurus"/>
+ <LENGTH value="26"/>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="qaganensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1992"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nuthetes" type="with">
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary dentary & postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="destructor" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1854"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ destroyer
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY><P>
+ The armor originally assigned to this species more likely belongs to a
+ <LINK content="thyreophoran"/>.
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nyasasaurus" status="nudum">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Nyasaurus"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Charig" year="1967"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nyctodactylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Nyctosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ night <LOW>(bat)</LOW> finger
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Nyctosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ night <LOW>(bat)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1876"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lamegoi" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="Price" year="1953"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Occidentalia">
+ <MEANING>western <LOW>one</LOW></MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="occidentalis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pteranodon occidentalis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Odontorhynchus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Pelzeln" year="1868"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ toothed beak
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="aculeatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Stolley" year="1936"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian" section="early"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The type specimen for this name has been lost.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ohmdenosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Ohmden lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tibia, tarsus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="liasicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wild" year="1978"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Lias <LOW>(=<LINK content="Early Jurassic"/>)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Oligosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ few lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="adelus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon priscus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Omeisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Mount</LOW> O-mei lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="junghsiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1939"/>
+ <REMAINS content="several partial skeletons, partial skull"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="changshouensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Mamenchisaurus changshouensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fuxiensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Mamenchisaurus fuxiensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fuxiensis2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="junghsiensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gongjianensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Mamenchisaurus gongjianensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="luoquanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Li"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="He, Li, Cai" year="1988"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sinensis" status="nudum">
+ <MEANING>from China</MEANING>
+ <SYNONYM name="tianfuensis"/>
+ <AUTHOR year="1993"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tianfuensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="He, Li, Cai, Gao" year="1984"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="zigongensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Tanimoto" year="1988"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Tail clubs assigned to this genus are probably from large <NOMEN name="Shunosaurus"/>
+individuals. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Omosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Osmosaurus"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Leidy" year="1856"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ arm lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="armatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus armatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="durobrivensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lexovisaurus durobrivensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hastiger">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus hastiger" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="leedsi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1901"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="durobrivensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lennieri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1911"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus armatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="phillipsii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus phillipsii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="vetustus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lexovisaurus vetustus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Onychosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ claw lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="hungaricus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1902"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus austriacus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Hungarian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Opisthocoelicaudia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ tail <LOW>vertebrae</LOW> cupped behind
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeleton (missing head & neck)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="skarzynskii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Borsuk-Bialynicka" year="1977"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Once classified as a <LINK content="camarasaur"/>, but now
+thought to be an advanced <LINK content="titanosaur"/>. Could be the body of
+<NOMEN name="Nemegtosaurus"/>. </P>
+
+<P> Features of the hip and tail suggest that this <LINK content="dinosaur"/>
+may have been capable of rearing up into a tripod position, possibly
+for feeding. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Oplosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ armored lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="armatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gervais" year="1852"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus conybearei"/>
+ <MEANING>armed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Orcomimus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Triebold" year="1997"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
+ <REMAINS content="pelvis, hindlimb"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Orinosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>mountain lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="capensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Euskelosaurus browni"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornatotholus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton, Sues" year="1983"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ ornate dome
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="frontoparietal dome"/>
+ <SPECIES name="browni" original="Stegoceras">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wall, Galton" year="1979"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithocephalus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bird head
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="antiquus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pterodactylus antiquus" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>antique</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithocheirus" type="none">
+ <MEANING>
+ bird hand
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="fragments"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
+ <SPECIES name="clifti">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="blavatschi">
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Czech Republic"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Fritsch"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bunzeli">
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Austria"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="compressirostris">
+ <MEANING><LOW>with a</LOW> compressed rostrum</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Bowerbank" year="1845"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="curtus">
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1874"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cuvieri">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Georges</LOW> Cuvier's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="daviesi">
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1874"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="diomedius">
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1874"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fittoni">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="giganteus">
+ <MEANING>
+ gigantic
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hilsensis">
+ <TIME value="EK" section="early"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Koken" year="1885"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="microdon">
+ <MEANING>small-toothed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sagittirostris">
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1874"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>with a</LOW> sagittal rostrum
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sedgewicki">
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <TIME value="LK">
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The deposits this creature comes from are either Cenomanian or
+redeposited Albian.</P>
+
+<P> Thirty-six species of <NOMEN name="Ornithocheirus"/> have been named.
+Many are probably dubious or in need of reconsideration.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithodesmus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>bird link</MEANING>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="6 vertebrae, sacrum, etc."/>
+ <SPECIES name="cluniculus" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1887"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="latidens">
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pteranodontoidea"/>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Once identified as a <LINK content="troodontid"/>, this scrappy specimen
+may instead to belong to some kind of <LINK content="deinonychosaur"/>. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Ornithodesmus latidens"/> is not related to
+<NOMEN name="O. cluniculus"/>, but is instead a type of
+<LINK content="pterosaur"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithoides" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bird form
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="oshiensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Saurornithoides mongoliensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornitholestes" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bird thief
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <MASS value="11"/>
+ <MASS value="13"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, postcrania"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hermanni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1903"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah, Wyoming"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp2." q="1">
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="ZPAL" id="MgD-II/19"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="ZPAL" id="MgD-II/21"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="ZPAL" id="MgD-II/28"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithomerus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bird femur
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Rhabdodon priscus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithomimidorum" status="nudum">
+ <MEANING><LINK content="ornithomimids"/>'</MEANING>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus lonzeensis"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Betasuchus bredai"/>
+ <ESSAY><P>
+ An erratum given for two separate animals which von Huene wished to transfer to <LINK content="Ornithomimidae"/>
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithomimoides" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Ornithomimus"/> form
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mobilis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ mobile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="barasimiensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="mobilis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithomimus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bird mimic
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="velox">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
+ <MASS value="175" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcrania"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ speedy
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="affinis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1920"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <MASS value="125" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Jersey"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragments including toe claws"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="altus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Struthiomimus altus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="angustus">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="edmontonicus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="antiquus" status="dubium" original="Coelosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1865"/>
+ <MEANING>antique</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="asiaticus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Archaeornithomimus asiaticus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brevitertius">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromiceiomimus brevitertius" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bullatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gallimimus bullatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="currelli">
+ <SYNONYM name="Struthiomimus currelli" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold, Osmólska" year="1990"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="edmontonicus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Edmonton <LOW>Group</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="edmontonicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1933"/>
+ <MASS value="100"/>
+ <MASS value="170"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="1 skeleton, 2 fragmentary postcrania"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Edmonton <LOW>Group</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="elegans">
+ <SYNONYM name="Elmisaurus elegans" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grandis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus grandis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ingens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Struthiomimus ingens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lonzeensis" status="dubium" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dollo" year="1903"/>
+ <REMAINS content="pedal ungual"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minutus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Mononykinae"/>
+ <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial metatarsus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ minute
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="samueli">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromiceiomimus samueli" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sedens" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
+ <REMAINS content="sacrum, fragmentary ilium"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tenuis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Troodon formosus"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary metatarsal"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Maniraptoriformes" incertae="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The archetypical "<LINK content="ostrich mimic"/>". </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Ornithomimus affinis"/> was originally placed in
+<NOMEN name="Ornithomimus"/> (and then <NOMEN name="Archaeornithomimus"/>)
+because of <LINK content="ornithomimid"/>-like toe claws, but the material
+is too indeterminate to assign confidently to any known
+<LINK content="theropod"/> genus. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithopsis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bird face
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="back vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hulkei" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1870"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="conybearei">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus conybearei" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="eucamerotus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1882"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Eucamerotus foxi"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ well-chambered
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="greppini">
+ <SYNONYM name="Cetiosauriscus greppini" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="humerocristatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus humerocristatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="leedsii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus leedsii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="manseli">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ischyrosaurus manseli" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="suffosus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bothriospondylus suffosus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithopterus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1838"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Rhamphorhynchus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ bird wing
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithostoma">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1871"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ bird mouth
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <SPECIES name="seeleyi">
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1904"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="orientalis">
+ <PLACE name="Russia"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Bogolubov" year="1914"/>
+ <MEANING>oriental</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithosuchus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Newton" year="1894"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Ornithosuchidae"/>
+ <PLACE name="Scotland"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ bird crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ornithotarsus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Ornithosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ bird ankle
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="immanis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1869"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Hadrosaurus foulkii"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Orodromeus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Egg</LOW> Mountain runner
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <SPECIES name="makelai">
+ <AUTHOR name="Horner, Weishampel" year="1988"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 partial skeletons, skeletal elements"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minimus" status="dubium" original="Laosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1924"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial hindlimb, veretbrae"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ least
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Eggs formerly assigned to this genus have turned out to belong to
+<NOMEN name="Troodon"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Orosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1869"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Peters" year="1862"/>
+ <MISSPELLED nme="Orosauravus" author="Norman" year="1985"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ mountain lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="capensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Orinosaurus capensis" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Steel" year="1970"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Orthogoniosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ straight-sided <LOW>tooth</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="matleyi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Das-Gupta" year="1931"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Indosaurus matleyi"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="raptorius">
+ <SYNONYM name="Indosuchus raptorius" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ raiding
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rawesi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Indosuchus rawesi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Orthomerus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ straight femur
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Netherlands"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dolloi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1883"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae, femur, tibia"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Dollo's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hilli" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Newton" year="1892"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Craspedodon lonzeensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="transylvanicus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Telmatosaurus transylvanicus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="weberae" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1925"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary hindlimb"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Oshanosaurus" type="with">
+ <TIME value="EJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="youngi" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Othnielia">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1977"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Othniel <LOW>Charles Marsh's one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.4"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah, Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons, postcranial elements, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="rex" original="Nanosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ king
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="multidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Yandusaurus multidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="nisti">
+ <SYNONYM name="Drinker nisti" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Otogornis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="genghisi">
+ <MEANING>Genghis <LOW>Khan</LOW>'s</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ Otog<LOW>-qi</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <ESSAY><P>Originally placed in <LINK content="Enantiornithes"/>, but
+ may be an <LINK content="ambiortiform"/>.</P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ouranosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ brave <LOW>(monitor)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Niger"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="nigeriensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Taquet" year="1976"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Niger
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Ouranosaurus"/> was remarkable in having a sail along its
+back, like that of the <LINK content="theropod"/> <NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/>
+and the <LINK content="sauropod"/> <NOMEN name="Rebbachisaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Oviraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ egg raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <MASS value="25"/>
+ <MASS value="35"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletons (some complete), eggs"/>
+ <SPECIES name="philoceratops">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LINK content="ceratopsian"/>-loving
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Rinchenia mongoliensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="yanshini">
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Paul" year="1988"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ingenia yanshini" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/> had a crest on its head, grasping hands, and
+an unusual penchant for being fossilized in interesting positions. The first
+one was found near what was thought to be the nest of a
+<NOMEN name="Protoceratops"/>, presumably intent on snatching an egg. This
+gave it its name, which means "<LINK content="ceratopsian"/>-loving egg
+raider". </P>
+
+<P> In fact, analysis of the fetuses inside the eggs have since shown it to
+be the <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/>'s own nest. More recently, another oviraptorid
+(possibly <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/>) has been
+found which died in a sandstorm while sitting on a nest of its own brood.
+These two discoveries show that <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/> probably cared
+for its offspring, as <LINK content="birds"/> and
+<LINK content="crocodylians"/> do today. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/> was featured in the book <U>Dinotopia</U>,
+where it was renamed <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Ovinutrix"/> ("egg nurse"),
+since that was its function in the book's utopian society of prehistoric
+animals and humans. Strangely enough, the name given in the
+fictional book has turned out to fit the animal better than its actual name.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ovoraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ egg raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="djadochtari" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR year="1924"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Velociraptor mongoliensis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Djadokhta <LOW>Formation</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ozraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Oz <LOW>(=Australia)</LOW> raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="UWA" id="82469" content="distal fragment of tibia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="subotaii">
+ <AUTHOR year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Subotai's <LOW>(character in <U>Conan the Barbarian</U>)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally identified as the remains of a <LINK content="turtle"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pachycephalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1943"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ thick-headed lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana, S. Dakota, Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skull, skull fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="wyomingensis" original="Troodon" status="conservandum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1931"/>
+ <MEANING>from Wyoming</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grangeri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1943"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="wyomingensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="reinheimeri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1943"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="wyomingensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <TIME section="middle-late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This, the largest of <LINK content="pachycephalosaurs"/>, had a skull dome 10
+ inches thick.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pachyrhinosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ thick nose lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alaska, Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="12 partial skulls, disarticulated material"/>
+ <SPECIES name="canadensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1950"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Canada
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="horneri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Achelousaurus horneri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Pachyrhinosaurus"/> had a large horny pad covering the top of its face,
+possibly supporting a truly gigantic horn, as well as several small,
+straight horns on the middle of its frill. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pachysauriscus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1959"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Pachysaurus"/>-like <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="ajax">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus ajax" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="giganteus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus giganteus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="magnus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus magnus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="reinigeri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus reinigeri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="wetzelianus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus wetzelianus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pachysaurops">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1961"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Pachysaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Pachysaurus"/> face
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pachysaurus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Fitzinger" year="1843"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ thick lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="ajax" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ <MEANING>Ajax <LOW>(hero of the Trojan War)</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="giganteus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gigantic
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="magnus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ great
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="wetzelianus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pachyspondylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ thick vertebra
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="orpenii" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1854"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary vertebrae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Palaeoctonus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Clepsysaurus"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Palaeonornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Emmons" year="1857"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Parasuchia"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Palaeopteryx" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ old wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="end of radius"/>
+ <SPECIES name="thomsoni" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jensen" year="1981"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally classified as <LINK content="archaeopterygian"/>,
+ but may be <LINK content="deinonychosaurian"/> or <LINK content="troodontid"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Palaeornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mantell" year="1844"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithocheirus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ old bird
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Palaeosauriscus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Palaeosaurus2"/>-like <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="cylindrodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1959"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ cylindrically-toothed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="diagnosticus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Palaeosaurus diagnosticus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fraserianus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Palaeosaurus2 fraserianus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Palaeosaurus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" year="1833"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ old lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="diagnosticus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riley, Stutchbury" year="1836"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia" incertae="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ diagnostic
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Palaeosaurus2" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" year="1833"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ old lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="fraserianus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Anchisaurus polyzelus"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Palaeoscincus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ old <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Scincus"/> <LOW>(skink)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="costatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1856"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="africanus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Paranthodon africanus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="asper" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus tutus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="latus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1892"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ broad<LOW>-toothed</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rugosidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontonia rugosidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tutus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus tutus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This dubious genus, based on teeth, was one of the first American
+<LINK content="dinosaurs"/> to be named. <NOMEN name="Palaeoscincus costatus"/> may belong to
+<NOMEN name="Panoplosaurus mirus"/>, and <NOMEN name="Palaeoscincus latus"/>
+may belong to <NOMEN name="Edmontonia"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Panoplosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ completely armored lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <MASS value="3500"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana, Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimen with complete cranium, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mirus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1919"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="logiceps">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontonia logiceps" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rugosidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontonia rugosidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Parahesperornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> beside <NOMEN name="Hesperornis"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="N. America"/>
+ <SPECIES name="alexi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Martin" year="1984"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton with feather impressions"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis" original="Hesperornis" q="1">
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Parahesperornis gracilis"/> may belong in <NOMEN name="Hesperornis"/>, as it was originally placed.
+Its feathers were rather hair-like. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Paraiguanodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> beside <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="incolapaludalis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus johnsoni"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Paranthodon">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Paracanthodon"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1929"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> beside <NOMEN name="Anthodon"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull with teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="africanus" original="Palaeoscincus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1910"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ African
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="oweni" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1929"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="africanus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Sir Richard</LOW> Owen's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Parapsicephalus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Arthaber" year="1918"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ adjoined arch head
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Toarcian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="purdoni" original="Scaphognathus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Newton" year="1888"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pararhabdodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> beside <NOMEN name="Rhabdodon"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Spain, France"/>
+ <REMAINS content="neck & back vertebrae, humerus, end of ulna, cranial and postcranial material"/>
+ <SPECIES name="isonense">
+ <AUTHOR name="Casanovas-Cladellas, Santafe-Llopis, Isidro-Llorens" year="1993"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a <LINK content="lambeosaurine"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Parasaurolophus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> beside <NOMEN name="Saurolophus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="walkeri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1922"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana, Utah" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cyrtocristatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ostrom" year="1961"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tubicen">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wiman" year="1931"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Parasaurolophus walkeri"/> had the largest crest of any
+<LINK content="duck-bill"/>. It was a long, hollow tube which extended back from
+the skull, curving downwards. There may be a notch in its spine where the
+crest habitually rested. </P>
+
+<P>The crest of <NOMEN name="P. cyrtocristatus"/> was similar, but smaller.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Parascaniornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>near <NOMEN name="Scaniornis"/> <LOW>(Scanian bird)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="stensioi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambrecht" year="1933"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <PLACE name="Sweden"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pareiasaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1876"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pareiasauridae"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Parksosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1937"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>William</LOW> Parks' lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.4"/>
+ <MASS value="70"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="incomplete skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="warrenae" original="Thescelosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1926"/>
+ <MEANING>Warren's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Paronychodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> beside claw tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana, New Mexico, Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth (adult & juvenile)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lacustris" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lakeside
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="caperatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tripriodon caperatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="explanatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus explanatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possibly a <LINK content="troodontid"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Parrosaurus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1945"/>
+ <SPECIES name="missouriensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hypsibema missouriensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Parvicursor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ small runner
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="incomplete skeleton (with pelvis, hindlimb, parts of tail and back)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="remotus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Karhu, Rautian" year="1996"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ remote
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pasquiaornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Pasquia <LOW>Hills</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="early" value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Saskatchewan"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hardiei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Tokaryk, Cumbaa, Storer" year="1997"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tankei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Tokaryk, Cumbaa, Storer" year="1997"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Patagonykus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Patagonian claws
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <SPECIES name="puertai">
+ <AUTHOR name="Novas" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Transitional between basal <LINK content="alvarezsaurids"/>
+(like <NOMEN name="Alvarezsaurus"/>) and <LINK content="mononykines"/>
+(like <NOMEN name="Mononykus"/>). </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Patagopteryx" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Patagonian wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.75"/>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" museum="MACN" id="N 03" content="specimen"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MACN" id="N 11" content="well-preserved specimen"/>
+ <REMAINS content="other specimens"/>
+ <SPECIES name="deferrariasi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Alvarenga, Bonaparte" year="1992"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>Professor Oscar</LOW> de Ferrarias'</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Patagopteryx"/>' wings were quite short, indicating that it had lost
+the ability to fly. Although reconstructed as having a short tail with no
+pygostyle, it probably did have a pygostyle. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Patagosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Patagonian lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="18"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="12 skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="fariasi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1979"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Patricosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ paternal lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary femur & sacral vertebra"/>
+ <SPECIES name="merocratus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1887"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pawpawsaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Paw Paw <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME section="earliest" value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Texas"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
+ <SPECIES name="campbelli">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lee" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Bony eyelids have been preserved from this species.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pectinodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ comb tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="bakkeri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Carpenter" year="1982"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Troodon formosus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Robert</LOW> Bakker's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="asiamericanus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Saurornithoides asiamericanus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Peishansaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Beishan lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary jaw with tooth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="philemys" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally classified as an <LINK content="ankylosaur"/>, but may be a
+ <LINK content="pachycephalosaur"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pekinosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Pekin lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="N. Carolina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="olseni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pelagornis2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1866"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Lartet" year="1857"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Enaliornis"/>
+ <MEANING>sea bird</MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pelecanimimus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ pelican mimic
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Spain"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae, pectoral girdle, sternum, forelimb, skin impressions"/>
+ <SPECIES name="polyodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Perez-Moreno, Sanz, Buscalloni, Moratalla, Ortega, Rasskin-Gutman" year="1994"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ many-toothed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Despite being a member of a mostly toothless group, <NOMEN name="Pelecanimimus"/> had
+ more teeth than any other <LINK content="theropod"/> (over 220)! </P>
+
+<P> Tissue impressions of this animal show a small dewlap or throat pouch
+(hence the name). They were also originally thought to show 4
+structures, possibly related to feathers, but further analysis shows them
+to be imprints of muscle fibers. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pellegrinisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Lake</LOW> Pellegrini lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="20"/>
+ <LENGTH value="25"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="neck and back vertebrae, partial femur"/>
+ <SPECIES name="powelli">
+ <AUTHOR name="Salgado" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pelorosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Pelerosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Pelosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Pelrorosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Polorosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Telorosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ monstrous lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="24"/>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="neck and back vertebrae, humerus, sacrum, pelvis, hindlimb elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="conybearei" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mantell" year="1850"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="armatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Oplosaurus armatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="becklessi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mantell" year="1852"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hulkei">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithopsis hulkei" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="humerocristatus" status="dubium" original="Cetiosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1874"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>with a</LOW> crested humerus
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="leedsii" status="dubium" original="Ornithopsis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1887"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mackesoni" status="dubium" original="Dinodocus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1884"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="manseli">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ischyrosaurus manseli" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="megalonyx">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gigantosaurus megalonyx" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="praecursor">
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon praecursor" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The skin bore small, hexagon-like tubercles.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Peltosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Chure, McIntosh" year="1989"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Cope" year="1873"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Sauropelta"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ shield lizard
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pentaceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ five horn lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <MASS value="2500"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
+ <REMAINS content="9 skulls, skeletons (some complete)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1923"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Charles M.</LOW> Sternberg's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fenestratus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wiman" year="1930"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="sternbergi"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ windowed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A recently discovered skull (over 3m long) gives
+<NOMEN name="Pentaceratops"/> the title of Terrestrial Animal with the
+Largest Head, formerly held by <NOMEN name="Torosaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Peteinosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ winged lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Italy"/>
+ <REMAINS content="incomplete postcranium, partial skeleton"/>
+ <LENGTH wingspan="1" value=".6"/>
+ <SPECIES name="zambelli">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wild" year="1978"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Phaedrolosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ gleaming lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tibia, phalanges, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ilikensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1973"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>Possibly a <LINK content="deinonychosaur"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Phobetor" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Krøyer" year="1844"/>
+ <MEANING>Phobetor <LOW>(god of fear)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="parvus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Balhurina" year="1986"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ small
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Had odd, upwardly curving, narrow jaws. </P>
+
+<P> The name <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Phobetor"/> is preoccupied by a
+<LINK content="fish"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Phuwiangosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Phu Wiang lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="25"/>
+ <LENGTH value="30"/>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Thailand"/>
+ <REMAINS content="4 partial skeletons, skull material"/>
+ <REMAINS age="juvenile" content="skeletal material"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sirindhornae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Martin, Buffetaut, Suteethorn" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Phyllodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ leaf tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="henkeli" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Thulborn" year="1973"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Piatnitzkysaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>A.</LOW> Piatnitzky's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <MASS value="250"/>
+ <MASS value="300"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 fragmentary skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="floresi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1979"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Picrodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ sharp tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LTr"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <REMAINS content="neck vertebrae" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="herveyi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1898"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Avalonianus sanfordi"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pinacosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ plank lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="grangeri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1933"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia, China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="over 35 specimens (some juvenile)"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="disparoserratus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Maleevus disparoserratus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mephistocephalus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Godefroit, Pereda-Superbiola, Li, Dong"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="articulated specimen"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ninghsiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1935"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="grangeri"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A group of about 20 juveniles was recently found, fueling speculations that
+ these animals may have formed herds based on age.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pisanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Pisano's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="merti">
+ <AUTHOR name="Casamiquela" year="1967"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The earliest well-known <LINK content="ornithischian"/>. Once classified as a
+ <LINK content="heterodontosaurid"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Piveteausaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Taquet, Welles" year="1977"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Piveteau's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <REMAINS content="braincase, skeletal elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="divesensis" original="Eustreptospondylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. A. Walker" year="1964"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Plataleorhynchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Platalea"/> <LOW>(spoonbill)</LOW> beak
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="end of snout"/>
+ <SPECIES name="streptophorodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Howse, Browner" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be from the Berriasian (Early Cretaceous).
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Platanavis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="nana">
+ <MEANING>dwarf</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1992"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Platanus"/> <LOW>(sycamore tree)</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Plateosauravus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Plateosaurus"/> ancestor
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="cullingworthi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus cullingworthi" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stormbergensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus stormbergensis" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Plateosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Platysaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ flat lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <MASS value="700"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany, Switzerland, France"/>
+ <PLACE name="Sweden" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="around 100 skeletons (some complete, some juvenile), 10 skulls, isolated elements, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="engelhardti">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1837"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="carinatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cloacinus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus cloacinus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cullingworthi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Melanorosaurus readi"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="elizae" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1907"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauria" incertae="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="erlenbergiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1905"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fraasi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus fraasi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fraasianus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>E.</LOW> Fraas'
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="integer">
+ <AUTHOR name="Fraas"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1915"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longiceps">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jaekel" year="1913"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ long-headed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="obtusus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus obtusus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ornatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ ornate
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="plieningeri">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="poligniensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dimodosaurus poligniensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="quenstedti">
+ <SYNONYM name="Zanclodon quenstedti" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="reinigeri" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gresslyosaurus robustus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stormbergensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Broom" year="1915"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Euskelosaurus browni"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="torgeri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gresslyosaurus torgeri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="trossingensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="E. Fraas" year="1913"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="engelhardti"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Trossingen
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Plegadornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wetmore" year="1962"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Brehm" year="1855"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ichthyornis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Plegadis"/> <LOW>(ibis)</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pleurocoelus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Plaurocoelus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Pleurocaelus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Pleurocoelis"/>
+ <MEANING>hollow side</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Albian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull elements, teeth, vertebrae, tibia, fibula, etc."/>
+ <SPECIES name="nanus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1888"/>
+ <MEANING>dwarf</MEANING>
+ <PLACE name="Maryland"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="altus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1888"/>
+ <MEANING>tall</MEANING>
+ <PLACE name="Maryland"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Sauropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="montanus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1896"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus grandis"/>
+ <MEANING>montane</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pusillus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Astrodon pusillus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="suffosus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bothriospondylus suffosus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="valdensis" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Pelorosaurus conybearei"/>
+ <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <PLACE name="Texas"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Titanosauria"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Pleurocoelus altus"/> was once thought to be the adult form of
+<NOMEN name="P. nanus"/>, but more recently is has been suggested as an
+entirely different sauropod. The Texan material assigned to this genus
+also may not belong. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pleuropeltus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ side shield
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="suessi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus transylvanicus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pneumatoarthrus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1870"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Chelonia"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ pneumatic joint
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Podokesaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ swift foot lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Connecticut"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skeleton (destroyed in a fire)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="holyokensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Talbot" year="1911"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Holyoke
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a <LINK content="coelophysoid"/>. Some consider it synonymous with
+<NOMEN name="Coelophysis"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Podopteryx" type="with">
+ <MEANING>foot wing</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Selys-Longchamps" year="1871"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mirabilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Sharovipteryx mirabilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Poekilopleuron" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Poecilopleuron"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Poecilopleurum"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Poicilopleuron"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Poikilopleuron"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ varying side
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <MASS value="1000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bucklandii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Eudes-Deslongchamps" year="1838"/>
+ <REMAINS content="forelimb elements (destroyed in World War II)"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton" q="1"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>2</LOW> Buckland's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gallicum">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dryptosaurus gallicus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minor">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Calamospondylus2 foxi"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lesser
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="poikilopleuron">
+ <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus poikilopleuron" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pusillum">
+ <SYNONYM name="Aristosuchus pusillus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="schmidti" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kiprijanov" year="1883"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Neotheropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ribs, tibia fragment"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="valens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Antrodemus valens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Polacanthoides" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Polacanthus"/> form
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="ponderosus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1928"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Polacanthus foxii"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Hylaeosaurus armatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Polacanthus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ many spines
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="foxii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1881"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="becklessi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hennig" year="1925"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="foxii"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="marshi">
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Pereda-Superbiola"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Hoplitosaurus marshi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rudgwickensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Blows" year="1996"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, scapulocoracoid, humerus, tibia, ribs, armor"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Polyodontosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ many-toothed lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="grandis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1932"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Troodon formosus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ grand
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Polyonax" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ master <LOW>of</LOW> many
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, limb fragments, horn core fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mortuarius" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1874"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May belong to <NOMEN name="Triceratops"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ponerosteus" status="unpublished">
+ <MEANING>
+ rotten bone
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="exogyrarum" status="dubium" original="Iguanodon">
+ <MEANING><NOMEN nolink="1" name="Exogyra"/>'s <LOW>(shell from the same formation)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Fritsch" year="1878"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Poposaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mehl" year="1915"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Poposauridae"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Prenocephale" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ sloping head
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <SPECIES name="prenes">
+ <REMAINS content="complete skull with partial postcranium"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1974"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ sloping
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brevis" original="Stegoceras" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1918"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Sullivan" year="2000"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="edmontonensis" original="Troodon" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1943"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Sullivan" year="2000"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull fragments"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Edmonton <LOW>Formation</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Preondactylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Preone <LOW>Valley</LOW> finger</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="buffarinii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wild" year="1983"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>N.</LOW> Buffarini's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME value="Norian" section="early"/>
+ <TIME value="Norian" section="middle"/>
+ <PLACE name="Italy"/>
+ <REMAINS content="articulated skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton" comment="digested"/>
+ <REMAINS content="forelimb elements"/>
+ <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="1.5"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>The most primitive known <LINK content="pterosaur"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Priconodon" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Princonodon"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ punctured tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Maryland"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="crassus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1888"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Priodontognathus" status="dubium">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Priodontosaurus"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1875"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ saw tooth jaw
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Oxfordian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="maxilla with teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="phillipsii" status="dubium" original="Iguanodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Once included a partial femur now referred to
+<NOMEN name="Dacentrurus phillipsii"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Priscavolucris" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gomez" year="1979"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Chondrichthyes"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ ancient bird
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Probactrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Bactrosaurus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gobiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Rozhdestvensky" year="1966"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeleton"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Gobi <LOW>Desert</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="alashanicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Rozhdestvensky" year="1966"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Alashan <LOW>Desert</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mazongshanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lu" year="1991"/>
+ <REMAINS content="posterior of skull, postcrania"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a basal <LINK content="styracosternan"/>, the sister group to
+<LINK content="Hadrosauridae"/>, or something in between. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Proceratops">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lull" year="1906"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Ceratops"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="montanus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ceratops montanus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Proceratosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1926"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Ceratosaurus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="100" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bradleyi" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1910"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="divesensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Piveteausaurus divesensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Once thought of as the ancestor of <NOMEN name="Ceratosaurus"/>,
+another theropod with a nasal horn/crest, it is now recognized as a
+<LINK content="coelurosaur"/>, the earliest one known. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Procerosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1902"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tanystropheus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before horned lizard
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Procerosaurus2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Fritsch" year="1905"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="von Huene" year="1902"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before horned lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="exogyrarum">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ponerosteus exogyrarum" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Procheneosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Matthew" year="1920"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Cheneosaurus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="praeceps">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tetragonosaurus praeceps" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="altidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Trachodon altidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="convincens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Corythosaurus convincens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cranibrevis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tetragonosaurus cranibrevis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="erectofrons">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tetragonosaurus erectofrons" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Procompsognathus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Compsognathus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
+ <MASS value="1"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull, vertebrae, pubes, hindlimb, radius, ulna, partial manus, scapulocoracoid"/>
+ <SPECIES name="triassicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="E. Fraas" year="1913"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LINK content="Triassic"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Prodeinodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Deinodon"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Mongolia
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kwangshiensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou, Yeh, Zhao" year="1975"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tibetensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhang, Li" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Tibet
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Proiguanodon" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="van den Broeck" year="1900"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon" q="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Prosaurolophus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Saurolophus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="over 20 skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="maximus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1916"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ greatest
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <LENGTH q="1" value="15"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="blackfeetensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Horner" year="1992"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the land of the</LOW> Blackfeet <LOW>(North American tribe)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="breviceps" status="dubium" original="Hadrosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short-faced
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="maximus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1916"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ greatest
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possible ancestor to <NOMEN name="Saurolophus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Protarchaeopteryx" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 specimens, including feather remains"/>
+ <SPECIES name="robusta">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ji Q., Ji S." year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ robust
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The recently discovered <NOMEN name="Protarchaeopteryx"/>
+("before <NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/>") seems to have actually
+lived much later than <NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/>, although
+it is more primitive. In fact, it may not even be an
+<LINK content="avialan"/> as first thought, but a more basal
+<LINK content="maniraptor"/>. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Protarchaeopteryx"/> was about turkey-sized. Its forelimbs,
+proportionally shorter than those of flying animals, bore long,
+symmetrical feathers. Since all flying birds have symmetrical feathers,
+<NOMEN name="Protarchaeopteryx"/> probably could not fly. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Protiguanodon" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Proiguanodon"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliense">
+ <SYNONYM name="Psittacosaurus mongoliensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Protoavis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <LINK content="birds"/> / first bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <MASS value="0.35"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Texas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletal material from at least 2 individuals (possibly chimeric)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="texensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chatterjee" year="1991"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> When this Triassic creature was first discovered, its describer declared it
+the earliest <LINK content="bird"/>. This has been met with some skepticism, since the next
+bird (chronologically) does not occur until the Late Jurassic
+(<NOMEN name="Archaeopteryx"/>). Some believe <NOMEN name="Protoavis"/> to be a chimera, made up of
+parts of different animals. Some bones may belong to a <LINK content="pterosaur"/>,
+others to some kind of <LINK content="theropod"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Protoceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.8"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dozens of skeletons (juvenile & adult), eggs"/>
+ <SPECIES name="andrewsi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Granger, Gregory" year="1923"/>
+ <MEANING>Andrews'</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grangeri" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Fleury" year="1992"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="andrewsi"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kozlowskii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Breviceratops kozlowskii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lahey" year="1993"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="andrewsi"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Mongolia
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> There are two forms of <NOMEN name="Protoceratops"/>, the "gracile" form, with low
+ frill and flat snout, and the "robust" form with raised frill and a high
+ bump on the nose. These probably represent the two genders. </P>
+
+<P> One spectacular find from Mongolia shows a <NOMEN name="Protoceratops"/> locked
+in combat with a <NOMEN name="Velociraptor"/>. The two were buried by a sandstorm as they
+fought. </P>
+
+<P> Eggs formerly assigned to this animal have turned out to belong to
+<NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Protognathosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Protognathus"/> ("fore jaw") lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary"/>
+ <SPECIES name="oxyodon" original="Protognathus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhang" year="1988"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Protognathus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Basilewsky" year="1950"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ fore jaw
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="oxyodon">
+ <SYNONYM name="Protognathosaurus oxyodon" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Protohadros" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <LINK content="hadrosaurids"/> / first hadros<LOW>aurid</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Texas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="byrdi">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Gary</LOW> Byrd's
+ </MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Head" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Protohadros"/> is the most primitive <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/> known (if not quite the earliest). </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Protorosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1830"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Prolacertiformes"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Protorosaurus2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1914"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="von Meyer" year="1830"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Torosaurus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="belli">
+ <SYNONYM name="Chasmosaurus belli" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Protrachodon" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1923"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>one</LOW> before <NOMEN name="Trachodon"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SYNONYM name="Orthomerus"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>Proposed to give a type genus to the taxon Protrachodontidae, which
+ had been named earlier.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pseudolagosuchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ false <NOMEN name="Lagosuchus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Ladinian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="pubes, femur, tibia, vertebrae, etc."/>
+ <SPECIES name="major">
+ <AUTHOR name="Arcucci" year="1987"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ greater
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Psittacosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ parrot lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.8"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <MASS value="25"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1923"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="remains from over 85 individuals"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Mongolia
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="chaoyangi" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wang" year="1983"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Chaoyangsaurus youngi"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Chaoyang <LOW>County</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="guyangensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zheng" year="1983"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="mongoliensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mazongshanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Xu" year="1997"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae, forelimb, gastrolith impressions"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="meileyingensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Zhao, Zheng, Rao" year="1988"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="4 specimens (2 with complete skulls)"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="neimongoliensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell, Zhao" year="1996"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ordosensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell, Zhao" year="1996"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="osborni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1931"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="mongoliensis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Henry F.</LOW> Osborn's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="protiguandonensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1958"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="mongoliensis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from before <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sattayaraki">
+ <AUTHOR name="Buffetaut, Suteethorn" year="1992"/>
+ <PLACE name="Thailand"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary, maxilla fragment"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sinensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1958"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="material from over 20 individuals"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from China
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tingi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1931"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="osborni"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="xinjiangensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Zhao" year="1988"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="material from over 10 individuals"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="youngi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1962"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="sinensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Psittacosaurus"/> was originally classified in <LINK content="Ornithopoda"/>,
+ mainly due to its bipedal stance. One specimen was actually named
+ <NOMEN name="Protiguanodon"/> ("before <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/>", <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> being a typical
+ ornithopod). But <NOMEN name="Psittacosaurus"/> was soon recognized as being closer
+ to <LINK content="ceratopsids"/> than ornithopods. In fact, it represents a
+ transitional phase from early, ornithopod-like <LINK content="ornithischians"/>
+ to the large, mostly quadrupedal <LINK content="neoceratopsians"/>. </P>
+
+<P> This genus has more valid species than any other non-<LINK content="neornithean"/>
+ <LINK content="dinosaur"/>. Some think it should be split into more genera,
+ although there have been no formal proposals. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ptenodactylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Gray" year="1845"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithocheirus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ wing finger
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ptenodracon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1888"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Pterodactylus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ wing dragon
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pteranodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>wing without tooth</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian" section="early"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dozens of specimens"/>
+ <SPECIES name="longiceps">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1876"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ingens" original="Pterodactylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
+ <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="7"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="eatoni">
+ <MEANING>Eaton's</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Miller" year="1972"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="marshi">
+ <MEANING><LOW>Othniel Charles</LOW> Marsh's</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Miller" year="1972"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="occidentalis" status="dubium" original="Pterodactylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1872"/>
+ <MEANING>western</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="oregonensis">
+ <MEANING>from Oregon</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1928"/>
+ <PLACE name="Oregon"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp." q="1">
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Ikuwo, Hasegawa, Otsuka" year="1972"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi" original="Pterodactylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Miller" year="1972"/>
+ <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="9.2"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>George</LOW> Sternberg's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="walkeri">
+ <MEANING>Walker's</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Miller" year="1972"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> One of the most popular <LINK content="pterosaurs"/>,
+<NOMEN name="Pteranodon"/> had no teeth, barely any tail, and a large crest
+on its head. The long crest of <NOMEN name="P. longiceps"/>
+and <NOMEN name="P. ingens"/> stuck out behind,
+while <NOMEN name="P. sternbergi"/>'s crest was more vertical. </P>
+
+<P> The name <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Longicepia"/> Miller, 1972 was
+ proposed as a subgenus name for <NOMEN name="P. longiceps"/>,
+ but since this is the type species, the subgeneric name is, by default,
+ <NOMEN name="Pteranodon"/>. <NOMEN name="Geosternbergia"/>
+ is the subgeneric name for <NOMEN name="P. sternbergi"/>
+ (<NOMEN nolink="1" name="Sternbergia"/> was
+ preoccupied). It is sometimes used as a separate
+ genus name. <NOMEN name="Occidentalia"/> has been proposed as
+ the subgeneric name for the dubious species
+ <NOMEN name="P. occidentalis"/>. Thus, these species are fully rendered as
+ <B><I>P. (P.) longiceps</I></B>,
+ <B><I>P. (Geosternbergia) sternbergi</I></B>, and
+ <I><B>P.</B> (Occidentalia) occidentalis</I>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pterodactylus">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Ptero-dactyle"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Cuvier" year="1809"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="emended" name="Rafinesque" year="1815"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ wing finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="antiquus" original="Ornithocephalus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Soemmering" year="1812"/>
+ <MEANING>antique</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="arningi">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cerinensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1973"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="crassipes" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1857"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Archaeopteryx lithographica"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="crassirostris">
+ <SYNONYM name="Scaphognathus crassirostris" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cristatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Germanodactylus cristatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="elegans">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ctenochasma gracilis"/>
+ <MEANING>elegant</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gracile">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ctenochasma gracilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grandipelvis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1970"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>with a</LOW> grand pelvis <LOW>(hip)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian" section="late"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grandis">
+ <MEANING>grand</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kochi">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longicollum">
+ <SYNONYM name="Diopocephalus longicollum" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="manseli">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="maximus">
+ <MEANING>greatest</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Reck" year="1931"/>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="micronyx">
+ <MEANING>small-clawed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="montanus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dermodactylus montanus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pleydelli">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1865"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pteranodon sternbergi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="suevicus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Cycnorhamphus suevicus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="suprajurensis">
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Goldfuss" year="1831"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The genus was initially named as <I>Ptero-dactyle</I> by Cuvier in 1809
+ with no type species (which was permissible back then). The creature named
+ <NOMEN name="Ornithocephalus antiquus"/> by Soemmering in 1812 was recognized by
+ Lydekker to be the same as Cuvier's <I>Ptero-dactyle</I>, so he
+ transferred <NOMEN name="O. antiquus"/> to the older genus <I>Ptero-dactyle</I>.
+ Rafinesque later emended the spelling of <I>Ptero-dactyle</I> to
+ <NOMEN name="Pterodactylus"/> in 1815.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pterodaustro" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ wing <LOW>of the</LOW> south
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.3"/>
+ <TIME value="EK" section="early"/>
+ <SPECIES name="guinzaui">
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1969"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp." q="1">
+ <PLACE name="Chile"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Chong" year="1976"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp." q="1">
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This filter-feeding <LINK content="pterosaur"/> used its smaller upper teeth to comb out its lower teeth.
+ The lower teeth fit outside the upper teeth. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Pterodaustro"/> had tiny fingers (except for the wing finger)
+ and very large feet for a pterosaur.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pteropelyx" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Pteroplax"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ wing pelvis
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="grallipes" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1889"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="altidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Trachodon altidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="marginatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Kritosaurus marginatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="selwyni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Trachodon selwyni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pterospondylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ wing vertebrae
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="LTr"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebra"/>
+ <SPECIES name="trielbae" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jaekel" year="1914"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Puntanipterus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="globosus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Sanchez" year="1974"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ puntano wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Pyroraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING><LOW>forest</LOW> fire raider</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="olympius">
+ <MEANING><LOW>from the base of Mt.</LOW> Olympe <LOW>(Provence)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Allain, Taquet" year="2000"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian" section="late"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian" section="early"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ungual phalanx, pedal & other limb bones, 2 vertebrae, teeth"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>Named for the fact that it was found after a forest fire.</P>
+<P>May be the same as <NOMEN name="Variraptor"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Qantassaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>QANTAS <LOW>(airline)</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="intrepidus">
+ <MEANING>intrepid</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Rich, Vickers-Rich" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" content="dentary & tooth"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary with teeth"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Qinlingosaurus" type="with">
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="luonanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Xue, Zhang, Bi" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Quaesitosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Qaesitosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Questiosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Questosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ extraordinary lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="23" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="orientalis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov, Bannikov" year="1983"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ eastern
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Like its close relative <NOMEN name="Nemegtosaurus"/>, <NOMEN name="Quaesitosaurus"/> is only
+ known from skull material. May be the same as <NOMEN name="Nemegtosaurus"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Quetzalcoatlus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Quetzalcoatl <LOW>(feathered serpent god of the Aztecs)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="northropi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lawson" year="1975"/>
+ <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="11"/>
+ <MASS value="200" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="220" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Texas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="forelimb bones"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="5.5"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Currie, Russell" year="1982"/>
+ <REMAINS content="incomplete skeletons"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rachitrema">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sauvage" year="1882"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Ichthyopterygia"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rahona" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Griveaud" year="1975"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ cloud/menace
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="ostromi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Rahonavis ostromi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rahonavis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Forster, Sampson, Chiappe, Krause" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ cloud/menace bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, scapula, partial pelvis, partial limbs"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ostromi" original="Rahona">
+ <AUTHOR name="Forster, Sampson, Chiappe, Krause" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>John</LOW> Ostrom's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This raven-sized creature appears to be somewhere between
+ <LINK content="dromaeosaurids"/> and <LINK content="birds"/>. It had a "sickle claw",
+ like dromaeosaurids, and feathered wings, like birds (feather
+ impressions were not preserved, but anchor points are evident along the
+ wing's bones, as in many <LINK content="modern birds"/>).
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rapator" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="9" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="1000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="metacarpal"/>
+ <REMAINS content="other bones" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ornitholestoides" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Ornitholestes"/>-formed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Has been suggested as an <LINK content="ornitholestid"/>, a <LINK content="carnosaur"/>,
+ or an <LINK content="abelisaur"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rayososaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Rayoso <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial scapula, partial fibula, femur, fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="agrionensis" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tessonei">
+ <SYNONYM name="Limaysaurus tessonei" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>May be a species of <NOMEN name="Rebbachisaurus"/>.<P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rebbachisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Ait</LOW> Rebbach lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="garasbae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lavocat" year="1954"/>
+ <LENGTH value="20"/>
+ <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tasmenensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="de Lapparent" year="1960"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Eusauropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Algeria, Niger, Tunisia"/>
+ <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tessonei">
+ <SYNONYM name="Limaysaurus tessonei" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This animal sported a large sail on its back, like the <LINK content="theropod"/>
+ <NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/> and the <LINK content="ornithopod"/> <NOMEN name="Ouranosaurus"/>. Its tallest
+ spines reached a height of about 4½ feet (1.5m). </P>
+
+<P><NOMEN name="Rebbachisaurus tasmenensis"/> was not a <LINK content="diplodocimorph"/>
+at all. No holotype specimen was ever designated for it, and some thing
+referred to it may belong to <NOMEN name="Jobaria"/>. </P>
+</ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Regnosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Regni <LOW>(ancient English tribe)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial dentary and pubis, rib, tail spines, scute"/>
+ <SPECIES name="northamptoni" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mantell" year="1848"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a <LINK content="huayangosaurid"/> and/or the same as <NOMEN name="Craterosaurus"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Revueltosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Revuelto <LOW>Creek</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Carnian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico, Arizona"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="callenderi" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hunt" year="1989"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rhabdodon" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Rabdodon"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ fluted tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete skeleton, teeth, skeletal material"/>
+ <SPECIES name="priscus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Matheron" year="1869"/>
+ <PLACE name="Austria, France, Romania, Spain"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="inkeyi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1899"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="priscus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1900"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="priscus"/>
+ <MEANING>robust</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="septimanicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Buffetaut, Le Loeuff" year="1991"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rhadinosaurus" type="with">
+ <REMAINS content="fragments"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 humeri, 2 vertebrae" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="alcinus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a <LINK content="crocodylomorph"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rhamphinion" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="jenkinsi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Padian" year="1984"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LINK content="rhamphorhynchid"/>/beak nape-of-the-neck
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rhamphocephalus">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LINK content="rhamphorhynchid"/>/beak head
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bucklandi">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1832"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="depressirostris">
+ <MEANING><LOW>with a</LOW> depressed snout</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Huxley" year="1859"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="prestwichi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1880"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rhamphorhynchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ beak snout
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.7"/>
+ <SPECIES name="intermedius">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1847"/>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ intermediate
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="crassipes">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pterodactylus crassipes" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gemmingi">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="jessoni" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1890"/>
+ <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longicaudus">
+ <MEANING>long-tailed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longiceps">
+ <MEANING>
+ long-headed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="muensteri">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <TIME value="Callovian" section="late"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian" section="early"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Thulborn" year="1973"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tendagurensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Reck" year="1931"/>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ <MEANING>from <LOW>the</LOW> Tendaguru <LOW>Formation</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rhodanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Rhône <LOW>River</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="ludgunensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Struthiosaurus ludgunensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rhoetosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Rhaetosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Rheteosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Rhoetos' <LOW>(mythological Greek giant)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <MASS value="20000"/>
+ <TIME value="Aalenian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Bajocian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, hindlimb elements, pelvic fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="brownei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Longman" year="1925"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rhopalodon" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="wangenheimi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Fischer de Waldheim"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Dinocephalia"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ricardoestesia" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Richardoestesia"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Richard Estes' <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Saskatchewan, Montana"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentaries, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gilmorei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Currie, Rigby, Sloan" year="1990"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a <LINK content="caenagnathid"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rileya" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Howard" year="1888"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Riley's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="bristolensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Rileyasuchus bristolensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rileyasuchus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1961"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Riley's crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LTr"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bristolensis" original="Rileya">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1902"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Bristol
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rinchenia" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Rinchen <LOW>'s one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" original="Oviraptor">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1986"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Barsbold" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Mongolia
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May belong to <NOMEN name="Oviraptor"/>, as originally assigned. Had a more upright crest
+ than that of <NOMEN name="Oviraptor philoceratops"/>.
+</P>
+<P>This genus is named for the father of its namer. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Rioarribasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Rio Arriba <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="colberti" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1991"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Coelophysis bauri"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Edwin H.</LOW> Colbert's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bauri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Coelophysis bauri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Riojasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>La</LOW> Rioja <LOW>Province</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <LENGTH value="11"/>
+ <TIME value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="20 skeletons (some complete, some juvenile), skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="incertus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1969"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ uncertain
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Riojasuchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>La</LOW> Rioja <LOW>County</LOW> crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="tenuisceps">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1969"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Ornithosuchidae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Roccosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Rocco lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="tetrasacralis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="van Heerden"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Anderson, Cruikshank" year="1978"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Melanorosaurus readi"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>with</LOW> four sacral <LOW>(hip) vertebrae</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Saichania" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ beautiful <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 specimens (2 with complete skulls)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="chulsanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maryañska" year="1977"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Khulsan
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Saltasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Salta <LOW>Province</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina, Uruguay"/>
+ <REMAINS content="several partial skeletons, vertebrae, limb elements, jaws, armor"/>
+ <SPECIES name="loricatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, J. E. Powell" year="1980"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="australis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus australis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus robustus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Saltoposuchus">
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauria" incertae="1"/>
+ <MEANING>quick foot crocodile</MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Saltopus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>quick foot</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="elginensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1910"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Ornithosuchia" incertae="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sanchusaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hisa" year="1985"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <REMAINS content="partial caudal vertebra"/>
+ <ESSAY><P>
+ Referred by some to <NOMEN name="Gallimimus sp."/>.
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sanghonghesaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tianchisaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Sanghonghe lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sanpasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Sanba lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranial elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="yaoi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1944"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="imperfectus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1944"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ imperfect
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Some bones assigned to this genus are in fact <LINK content="sauropodan"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Santanadactylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Santana <LOW>Formation</LOW> finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <REMAINS content="several specimens"/>
+ <SPECIES name="araripensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Buisonje" year="1980"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Araripe <LOW>Plateau</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brasilensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer, Buffetaut, Gigase" year="1983"/>
+ <MEANING>Brazilian</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="spixi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bennett" year="1989"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pricei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer, Buffetaut, Gigase" year="1983"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Santanaraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Santana <LOW>Formation</LOW> raider</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="placidus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kellner" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <REMAINS museum="MN" id="4802-V" content="partial postcranium with soft tissue impressions"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sarcolestes" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ flesh thief
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial mandible"/>
+ <SPECIES name="leedsi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1893"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sarcosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ flesh<LOW>-eating</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial pelvis, femur, vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="woodi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Andrews" year="1921"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="andrewsi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus andrewsi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Saturnalia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Saturnalia <LOW>(Roman winter solstice festival)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="tupiniquim">
+ <AUTHOR name="Langer, Abdala, Richter, Benton" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING>native</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
+ <REMAINS content="semi-articulated skeleton including most of presacral vertebral series, pectoral girdle, right humerus, partial right ulna, pelvic girdle with sacral series, left femur, most of left hindlimb" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons including impression of mandibular ramus with teeth & postcranial elements" type="para"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sauraechinodon" status="nudum">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Saurechinodon"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Sauraechmodon"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Falconer" year="1861"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Echinodon"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lizard prickly tooth
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Saurolophus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ lizard crest
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="osborni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1912"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Henry F.</LOW> Osborn's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="angustirostris" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="Rozhdestvensky" year="1952"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="krischtofovici" status="dubium" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="Riabinin" year="1930"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="maximus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Prosaurolophus maximus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sauropelta" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ lizard shield
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <MASS value="3200"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming, Montana, Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimens (1 with skull), postcranial elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="edwardsorum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ostrom" year="1970"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Saurophaganax" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ lizard-eater master
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="14" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Oklahoma"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dorsal neural arch"/>
+ <SPECIES name="maximus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chure" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ greatest
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This gigantic <LINK content="carnosaur"/> may be a huge, late species of
+ <NOMEN name="Allosaurus"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Saurophagus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Swainson" year="1831"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lizard eater
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="maximus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Stovall"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Ray" year="1941"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Allosaurus amplexus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ greatest
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sauroplites" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ lizard hoplite <LOW>(ancient Greek infantry soldier)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ilium, ribs, armor"/>
+ <SPECIES name="scutiger" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sauroposeidon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>lizard Poseidon <LOW>(Greek god of, among other things, earthquakes)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="proteles" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Franklin" year="1999"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Wedel, Cifelli"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <PLACE name="Oklahoma"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <LENGTH value="30" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="rib, cervical vertebrae"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P> This new <NOMEN name="Brachiosaurus"/>-like <LINK content="dinosaur"/>
+ was perhaps the tallest. With its head raised, it stood 60 feet (nearly
+ 20 m) tall. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Saurornithoides" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ lizard bird form
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <MASS value="13"/>
+ <MASS value="27"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull with fragmentary postcranium"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Mongolia
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="asiamericanus" status="dubium" original="Troodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1985"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Asiamerican
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="inequalis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Stenonychosaurus inequalis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="isfarensis" status="dubium" original="Troodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1995"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tadzhikistan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial frontal"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="junior">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1974"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull with fragmentary postcranium"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ younger
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Saurornithoides2" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lizard bird form
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="sauvagei">
+ <SYNONYM name="Caudocoelus sauvagei" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Saurornitholestes" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ lizard-bird thief
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <MASS value="5"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragments from 3 individuals"/>
+ <SPECIES name="langstoni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sues" year="1978"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sazavis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="prisca">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1989"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ clay bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Scaphognathus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wagner" year="1861"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ canoe jaw
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="two specimens"/>
+ <LENGTH wingspan="1" value="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="crassirostris" original="Pterodactylus">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="crassipes">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pterodactylus crassipes" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="purdoni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Parapsicephalus purdoni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Scaphonyx">
+ <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1908"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. America"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Scelidosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ limb lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <MASS value="200"/>
+ <MASS value="250"/>
+ <TIME value="Sinemurian"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England, Arizona"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 skeletons (1 juvenile)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="harrisonii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1868"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="oehleri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tatisaurus oehleri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Scelidosaurus"/> was an early <LINK content="dinosaur"/> which marks a transitional
+ stage between the small, bipedal <NOMEN name="Scutellosaurus"/> and the larger, heavily
+ armored <LINK content="ankylosaurs"/>. Some consider it a primitive ankylosaur,
+ but it also bears a strong resemblance to primitive
+ <LINK content="stegosaurs"/>. It or something like it probably gave rise to both
+ groups. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Scelidosaurus"/> was most likely quadrupedal. There were interesting tricorns
+ behind the ears. The back was studded with large, bony scutes.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Scipionyx" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Scipio <LOW>Africanus and Scipione Breislak's</LOW> claw
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH age="juvenile" value="0.6"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Italy"/>
+ <REMAINS content="juvenile skeleton missing parts of legs and tail, impressions of soft anatomy"/>
+ <SPECIES name="samniticus">
+ <AUTHOR name="dal Sasso, Signore" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This extremely well-preserved <LINK content="theropod"/> shows traces of the
+ intestines, windpipe, liver, and muscle fibers.
+
+ Previously known as the "Benevento theropod".
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Scleromochlus" type="with">
+ <LENGTH value="0.2"/>
+ <TIME value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Scotland"/>
+ <REMAINS content="imprints of skeletons (partial and complete)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="taylori">
+ <AUTHOR name="Woodward" year="1907"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This miniscule animal may be part of the lineage that led to flying
+ <LINK content="pterosaurs"/>. It had long, thin legs which may have supported a
+ flap of skin.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Scolosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Scalosaurus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="cutleri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1928"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus acutosquameus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Scrotum" type="with">
+ <MEANING>scrotum</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="humanum" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brookes" year="1783"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Megalosaurus bucklandii" status="q"/>
+ <MEANING>human</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Scutellosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ little shield lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.2"/>
+ <MASS value="10"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 fragmentary skeletons, scutes"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lawleri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Colbert" year="1981"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Scutellosaurus"/> was a small, semi-bipedal, long-tailed
+ <LINK content="dinosaur"/> similar to <NOMEN name="Lesothosaurus"/>. In fact, it was often
+ included with that genus in Fabrosauridae (=Lesothosauridae). But
+ it seems instead to be an early form of <LINK content="thyreophoran"/>. The back
+ was covered in small, bony scutes.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Secernosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ separate lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="braincase, postcranial elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="koerneri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brett-Surman" year="1979"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> One of the few <LINK content="hadrosaurids"/> from the Southern hemisphere.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Segisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Segi <LOW>Canyon</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH age="subadult" value="1" q="1"/>
+ <MASS age="subadult" value="5" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial subadult postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="halli">
+ <AUTHOR name="Camp" year="1936"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Segnosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ slow lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="GI SPS" id="100/80" content="mandible, partial limbs, pelvic girdle, spine fragments" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="GI SPS" id="100/81" content="tibia, fibula"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="GI SPS" id="100/82" content="partial hindlimb, rib fragments, ilia, fragmentary ischium, pubis"/>
+ <SPECIES name="galbinensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Perle" year="1979"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="zheziangensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Chilantaisaurus zheziangensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Seismosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ quake lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="40" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="50" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="30000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, partial pelvis, chevrons, ribs, other elements, gastroliths"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hallorum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gillette" year="1991"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> One of the hugest land animals of all time. May be a large <NOMEN
+name="Diplodocus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sellosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ saddle lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6.5"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="21 partial skeletons (some juvenile; 3 with partial skulls), skeletal elements, gastroliths"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fraasi">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="gracilis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>E.</LOW> Fraas'
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hermannianus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Thecodontosaurus hermannianus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Shamosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Shamo <LOW>(=Gobi Desert)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 specimens (including complete skull and armor)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="scutatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Tumanova" year="1983"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Shanshanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Shanshan <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <MASS value="50" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="90" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="huoyanshanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1977"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Was once allied with <LINK content="dromaeosaurids"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Shantungosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Shandong lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <LENGTH value="15"/>
+ <TIME section="early-middle" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 skeletons, skeletal elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="giganteus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hu" year="1973"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gigantic
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possibly the largest <LINK content="ornithopod"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Shanxia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Shanxi <LOW>Province one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tianzhenensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barrett, You, Upchurch, Burton" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Shanyangosaurus" type="with">
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <MEANING>Shanyang <LOW>Formation</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="niupanggouensis">
+ <PLACE name="China"/> <!--Shaanxi-->
+ <REMAINS museum="NWUV" id="1111" content="partial sacrum, proximal scapula, humeri, femur, metatarsal IV (left and right), partial phalanx, pedal ungual"/>
+ <LENGTH value="1.75" q="y"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5" q="y"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian" section="late"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Xue, Zhang, Bi" year="1996"/>
+ <MEANING>from Niupanggou</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sharovipteryx">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cowen" year="1981"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Sharov's wings
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LTr"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kirghizia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeleton with membrane impression"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mirabilis" original="Podopteryx">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sharov" year="1971"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This animal possessed a uropatagium, a flap of skin stretching between its
+ long legs and its tail. It seems similar to <NOMEN name="Scleromochlus"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Shunosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Shu lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <LENGTH value="14" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="20 skeletons (including 5 skulls)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ziliujingensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1986"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The only <LINK content="sauropod"/> known to have had a tail club.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Shuosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chou" year="1979"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Shunosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Shu lizard
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Shuvosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="inexpectatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chatterjee" year="1993"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Rauisuchia"/>
+ <MEANING>unexpected</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Shuvuuia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 skulls, postcranial material"/>
+ <SPECIES name="deserti">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chiappe, Norell, Clark" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This is the only <LINK content="alvarezsaurid"/> for which the skull material is
+well-known. Its jaw shows definite <LINK content="avian"/> characteristics. </P>
+
+<P> This turkey-sized creature was quite similar to <NOMEN name="Mononykus"/>. Some bones
+previously assigned to <NOMEN name="Mononykus"/> have been reassigned to
+<NOMEN name="Shuvuuia"/>. </P>
+
+<P> Chemical analysis of <NOMEN name="Shuvuuia"/> seems to reveal that it had feathers, or at least
+feather-like structures. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Siamosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Siam <LOW>(=Thailand)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Thailand"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="suteethorni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Buffetaut, Ingavat" year="1986"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Siamotyrannus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Siam <LOW>(=Thailand)</LOW> tyrant
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6.5"/>
+ <MASS value="1000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Thailand"/>
+ <REMAINS content="pelvis, tail"/>
+ <SPECIES name="isanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Buffetaut, Suteethorn, Tong" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Proposed as an early <LINK content="tyrannosauroid"/>, but that may not be the
+case. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sigilmassasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Sijilmassa lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Albian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
+ <SPECIES name="brevicollis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Previously known as "<NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/> B". May belong to
+<NOMEN name="Carcharodontosaurus"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Siluosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Silu <LOW>(Silk Road)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="zhangqiani">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1997"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Silvisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ forest lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kansas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
+ <SPECIES name="condrayi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Eaton" year="1960"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sinocoelurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Chinese <NOMEN name="Coelurus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="J" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="fragilis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1942"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ fragile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sinornis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Chinese bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="santensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Rao" year="1992"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Roughly <LINK content="sparrow"/>-size. Was capable of perching.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sinornithoides" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Chinese bird form
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.1"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete skeleton, partial foot, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="youngi">
+ <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell, Dong" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sinornithosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Chinese bird-lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="millenii">
+ <MEANING>of the <LOW>second</LOW> millen<LOW>n</LOW>ium <LOW>[<I>sic</I>] C.E.</LOW></MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Xu, Wang, Wu" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <LENGTH value="1" age="subadultQ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" museum="IVPP" id="V12811" content="nearly complete specimen with integument impressions" age="subadultQ"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>The fifth non-<LINK content="avian"/> <LINK content="coelurosaur"/> with
+ remains of feathers or feather-like integument to be published. Of the five
+ known so far (all from the same Chinese locality),
+ <NOMEN name="Sinornithosaurus"/> is the one most closely related to
+ <LINK content="birds"/>. It has long been suspected that
+ <LINK content="deinonychosaurs"/> (a.k.a. "'raptors") were
+ feathered -- this animal is the first proof of that.</P>
+
+ <P><NOMEN name="Sinornithosaurus millenii"/> has been diagnosed as a
+ primitive, or basal, deinonychosaur. Its arms are
+ proportionally very long -- 80% as long as the legs -- and its shoulder
+ joint has features like those of flying birds. </P>
+
+ <P>The authors of this species have interpreted it as evidence for a
+ "Ground Up" model of flight evolution (see
+ <LINK content="Avialae"/>). However, it may instead lend credence to the
+ idea that deinonychosaurs, and perhaps other coelurosaurs, are secondarily
+ flightless (like <LINK content="ratite"/> birds), since it has more flight
+ characteristics than more advanced deinonychosaurs.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sinosauropteryx" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Chinese lizard <LOW>with</LOW> feathers
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.3"/>
+ <LENGTH age="juvenile" value="0.7"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="4 complete skeletons (one juvenile) with tissue impressions"/>
+ <SPECIES name="prima">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ji Q., Ji S." year="1996"/>
+ <MEANING>first</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> was one of the most exciting paleontological
+ discoveries of this century. Skin impressions seem to show a coat of
+ small, feather-like structures (although some dispute this). </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> is important for at
+ least two reasons. First of all, it is a major piece of evidence in favor of
+ the argument that <LINK content="birds"/> are descended from
+ <LINK content="dinosaurs"/>. Secondly, depending on its exact phylogenetic
+ position, it shows that at least some non-<LINK content="avian"/>
+ <LINK content="coelurosaurs"/> were feathered.
+ <LINK content="Deinonychosaurs"/>, <LINK content="oviraptorosaurs"/>, and
+ <LINK content="therizinosaurs"/> are closer to
+ birds than <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> is, and, indeed, after
+ <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> was published, feathered
+ animals from all three of these groups were found
+ (<NOMEN name="Sinornithosaurus"/>, <NOMEN name="Caudipteryx"/>, and
+ <NOMEN name="Beipiaosaurus"/>, respectively). It may also be that
+ <LINK content="ornitholestids"/>, <LINK content="coelurids"/>,
+ <LINK content="ornithomimosaurs"/>, <LINK content="troodontids"/>, and even
+ <LINK content="tyrannosauroids"/> were closer to birds than
+ <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> was, making them probably feathered
+ (or secondarily featherless) as well. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> had three fingers, suggesting that its
+close relative <NOMEN name="Compsognathus"/> (whose exact digit count has
+been debated) did too. </P>
+
+<P> Like <NOMEN name="Compsognathus"/>, one specimen of <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> was
+ found with a lizard in its gut. Another had remains of a small mammal.
+ One specimen had two tiny eggs (about 37mm × 26mm) inside it, but died
+ before it could lay them. It had a dual oviduct system. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Sinosauropteryx"/> had more tail vertebrae (64) than any
+<LINK content="theropod"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sinosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Chinese lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="LTr"/>
+ <TIME value="EJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="maxilla with teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="triassicus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1948"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LINK content="Triassic"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sinraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Chinese raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dongi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Currie, Zhao" year="1994"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Dong <LOW>Zhiming's</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hepingensis" original="Yangchuanosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gao" year="1992"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae, scapula, hip"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Siroccopteryx" type="with">
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Morocco"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Sirocco wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS content="partial upper jaw"/>
+ <SPECIES name="moroccensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mader, Kellner" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Morocco
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Smilodon" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Lund" year="1842"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ saber tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="crenatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Plieninger" year="1846"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="laevis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Zanclodon laevis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Songlingornis" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Sonlingornis"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Aptian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <MEANING>Songling <LOW>Mountains</LOW> bird</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="linghensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1996"/>
+ <MEANING>from the Ling River</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <REMAINS content="incomplete skeleton (including skull parts)" museum="IVPP" id="V. 10913" type="holo"/>
+ <ESSAY><P>About the size of a <LINK content="sparrow"/>.</P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sonorasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Sonora lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="14" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="17" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, ribs, scapula, hip bones, limb elements, tail & back vertebrae, gastroliths, etc."/>
+ <SPECIES name="thompsoni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ratkevich" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>Mistakenly assigned to <LINK content="Hadrosauridae"/>,
+ <LINK content="Prosauropoda"/>, and <LINK content="Therizinosauroidea"/>
+ before official publication.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sordes" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ demon
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.6"/>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
+ <SPECIES name="pilosus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sharov" year="1971"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ hairy
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Soroavisaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="australis">
+ <MEANING>southern</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Chiappe" year="1993"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ sister <LOW>to</LOW> <NOMEN name="Avisaurus"/>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sphenospondylus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1882"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ wedge vertebra
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon gracilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Spinosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ spine lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="12" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="17" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="4000" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="6000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" section="early"/>
+ <PLACE name="Egypt, Morocco"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary dentary, vertebrae, hindlimb elements, teeth (destroyed in World War II); neck vertebra, fragmentary dentaries, dorsal neural arch"/>
+ <SPECIES name="aegyptiacus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Stromer" year="1915"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Egyptian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="maroccanus" q="1">
+ <AUTHOR name="D. A. Russell" year="1996"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Moroccan
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>The gigantic <NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/> has been estimated at up to
+fifty feet long. It was possibly the longest <LINK content="theropod"/>,
+but not the biggest, since it was more lightly built than the heavier
+<NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus"/> and <LINK
+content="carcharodontousaurines"/>.</P>
+
+ <P>As remarkable as its length was, even more interesting was the huge sail
+ along the back, formed by long vertebral spines, up to six feet in height
+ at places. The exact nature of this bizarre sail is not known. It may have
+ been used for heat dissipation, like the ears of modern-day elephants.
+ Or perhaps it was a sexual signal. Similar structures were present in
+ the <LINK content="ornithopod"/> <NOMEN name="Ouranosaurus"/> and the
+ <LINK content="sauropod"/> <NOMEN name="Rebbachisaurus"/>, two
+ <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> living at the same time and area as
+ <NOMEN name="Spinosaurus"/>. Some primitive amphibians and proto-mammals
+ such as <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Dimetrodon"/> and
+ <NOMEN nolink="1" name="Edaphosaurus"/> also bore similar sails back in the
+ Permian. Such parallelism across so many diverse groups is a strange
+ phenomenon.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Spinosuchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>spine crocodile</MEANING>
+ <TIME section="latest" value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Texas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="caseanus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P> Once thought to be a <LINK content="pseudosuchian"/>, but may be a
+ <LINK content="theropod"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Spondylosoma" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ vertebral body
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth, postcranial elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="absconditum" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1942"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Squalodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Grateloup" year="1840"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Cetacea"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Staurikosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Southern</LOW> Cross <LOW>(constellation)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <MASS value="20"/>
+ <MASS value="30"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="pricei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Colbert" year="1970"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>Llewellyn Ivor</LOW> Price's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stegoceras" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ roof horn
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <MASS value="55"/>
+ <SPECIES name="validum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete skull, postcrania"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ valid
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bexelli">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tylocephale bexelli" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brevis">
+ <SYNONYM type="objective" name="Prenocephale brevis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="browni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornatotholus browni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="edmontonense">
+ <SYNONYM type="objective" name="Prenocephale edmontonensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="formosus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Troodon formosus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lambei">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1945"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="validum"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Lawrence M.</LOW> Lambe's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Troodon sternbergi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="wyomingensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stegopelta" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ roof shield
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="landerensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Williston" year="1905"/>
+ <MEANING>from Lander</MEANING>
+ <PLACE name="U.S.A."/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY><P>Once thought to be a synonym of <NOMEN name="Nodosaurus"/>.</P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stegosaurides" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Stegosauroides"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Stegosaurus"/>-like <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary vertebrae, elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="excavatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ excavated
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a <LINK content="stegosaur"/>, the latest one known.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stegosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>roofed lizard</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <MASS value="1800"/>
+ <MASS value="2500"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado, Utah, Wyoming"/>
+ <SPECIES name="armatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1877"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons, fragmentary postcrania"/>
+ <MEANING>armed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="affinis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
+ <REMAINS content="pubis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="altispinus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1914"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Kentrosaurus longispinus"/>
+ <MEANING>tall-spined</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="armatus2">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus armatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="crassus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Priconodon crassus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="discurus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hypsirophus discurus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="duplex">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1887"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="durobrivensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Lexovisaurus durobrivensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hastiger">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dacentrurus hastiger" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="laticeps" status="dubiumQ" original="Diracodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1881"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longispinus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Kentrosaurus longispinus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="madagascariensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Piveteau" year="1926"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauria" incertae="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <MEANING>from Madagascar</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="marshi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hoplitosaurus marshi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="priscus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1911"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Lexovisaurus durobrivensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="seeleyanus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1879"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stenops">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1887"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete skeleton, postcrania, 4 braincases"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ narrow-faced
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sulcatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1887"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="armatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ungulatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1879"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="armatus" status="q"/>
+ <MEANING>hoofed</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Stegosaurus"/> had an extremely small head for its size. It did not
+ have enough brain matter to coordinate the movements of a 20- to
+ 25-foot-long animal, and so it had a ganglion, or nerve center, in its
+ hips to control the movement of the hindquarters. This so-called "second
+ brain" (although it wasn't a real brain) was actually larger than the
+ brain. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Stegosaurus"/> was the largest <LINK content="stegosaur"/>. Its largest plates were
+over two feet high and wide. </P>
+
+<P> Recent finds show that the plates were in two alternating rows, not
+two paired rows. The tail spikes were held horizontally, not vertically.
+Small bony ossicles covered at least the the throat and hips. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="S. laticeps"/> may belong in a separate genus (<NOMEN name="Diracodon"/>), as may
+<NOMEN name="S. stenops"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Steneodactylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ narrow finger
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="pergracilis" status="unpublished">
+ <SYNONYM name="Chirostenotes pergracilis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stenonychosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ narrow claw lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="inequalis">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1932"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Troodon formosus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ unequally<LOW> clawed</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stenopelix" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Stenopelyx"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ narrow pelvis
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Berriasian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="valdensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1857"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stenotholus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ narrow dome
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="kohlerorum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Giffin, Gabriel, Johnson" year="1988"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Stygimoloch spinifer"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stephanosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1914"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Stephan's lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="marginatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Kritosaurus marginatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="intermedius">
+ <SYNONYM name="Corythosaurus intermedius" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stereocephalus" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Lynch Arribalzaga" year="1884"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ paired head
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="tutus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Euoplocephalus tutus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stereosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1869"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Plesiosauria"/>
+ <MEANING>paired lizard</MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sternbergia">
+ <AUTHOR name="Miller" year="1972"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Jordan" year="1925"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pteranodon sternbergi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sterrholophus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1891"/>
+ <SPECIES name="flabellatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Triceratops flabellatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stokesosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Stokes' lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <MASS value="50" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="100" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ilium"/>
+ <REMAINS content="premaxilla, braincase" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="clevelandi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Madsen" year="1974"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Cleveland<LOW>-Lloyd Quarry</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Similar to <NOMEN name="Iliosuchus"/>. The two may be very early
+ <LINK content="tyrannosauroids"/>. The braincase assigned to this species
+ has tyrannosauroid features, although it does not necessarily belong to
+ this genus. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Strenusaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ strenuous lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="precerus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1969"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Riojasaurus incertus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Streptospondylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ reversed vertebrae
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <SPECIES name="altdorfensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1832"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cuvieri" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Georges</LOW> Cuvier's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grandis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1879"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon anglicum"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ grand
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="major" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1842"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon anglicum"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ greater
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="meyeri" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1854"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon anglicum"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="recentior" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1851"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon anglicum"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May be a <LINK content="crocodylomorph"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Struthiomimus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1917"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ ostrich mimic
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4.3"/>
+ <MASS value="150"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="altus" original="Ornithomimus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ tall
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="antiquus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus antiquus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brevitertius">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromiceiomimus brevitertius" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="currelli">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1933"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus edmontonicus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ingens">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1933"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromiceiomimus brevitertius"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="samueli">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromiceiomimus samueli" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tenuis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus tenuis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Struthiosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ ostrich lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Austria, France"/>
+ <PLACE name="Hungary, Spain" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranial remains" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="austriacus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bunzel" year="1871"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Austrian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="alcinus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Rhadinosaurus alcinus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ludgunensis" status="dubium" original="Rhodanosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1929"/>
+ <REMAINS content="armor plates"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pawlowitschii" status="dubium" original="Crataeomus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1881"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="transylvanicus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="transylvanicus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1915"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Transylvanian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally thought to be a <LINK content="theropod"/> (hence the name).
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stygimoloch" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>River</LOW> Styx <LOW>(Hell Creek Formation)</LOW> Moloch <LOW>(Ammonite/Phoenician god)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <MASS value="25"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana, Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 skull fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="spinifer">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton, Sues" year="1983"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="garbanii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bugenasaura garbanii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Stygimoloch"/> was unusual (and cool) in having bony spikes around its
+dome, somewhat similar to the <LINK content="ceratopsid"/>
+<NOMEN name="Styracosaurus"/>. </P>
+
+<P> Known from vertebrae and a hindlimb, <NOMEN name="Stygimoloch garbanii"/> has been
+assigned to the Hell Creek <LINK content="ornithopod"/> <NOMEN name="Bugenasaura"/>, although it
+might be the body of <NOMEN name="Stygimoloch"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Stygivenator">
+ <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>River</LOW> Styx <LOW>(Hell Creek Formation)</LOW> hunter
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <MASS value="200" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="500" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="molnari" original="Aublysodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Paul" year="1988"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amplus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon amplus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cristatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon cristatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Formerly known as the "Jordan <LINK content="theropod"/>".
+Could be the same thing as <NOMEN name="Aublysodon"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Styracosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ spike lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5.5"/>
+ <MASS value="3000"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana"/>
+ <SPECIES name="albertensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1913"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Alberta
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="borealis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="parksi"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ boreal
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="makeli" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Czerkas, Czerkas" year="1990"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Einiosaurus procurvicornis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ovatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1930"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial frill, fragments"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="parksi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1947"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="albertensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sphenocerus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1889"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> In addition to a large nasal horn, <NOMEN name="Styracosaurus"/>
+was equipped with horns lining the edge of its frill. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Succinodon" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="putzeri">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1941"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Mollusca"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Suchomimus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>crocodile mimic</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH age="subadult" value="11"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Niger"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial subadult skeleton"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tenerensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Gado, Larsson, Lyon, Marcot, Rauhut, Sadleir, Sidor, Varricchio, G. P. Wilson, J. A. Wilson" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>This <LINK content="baryonychine"/> had a two-foot-high sail over its
+ hips. Some think it may be the same as <NOMEN name="Baryonyx"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Suchoprion">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Clepsysaurus"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Sugiyamasaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambert" year="1990"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Sugiyama lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="3 teeth"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Supersaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ super lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="30"/>
+ <LENGTH value="40"/>
+ <MASS value="45000"/>
+ <MASS value="55000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, scapulocoracoid, ischium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="vivianae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jensen" year="1985"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> One of the hugest land animals of all time. Stood 27 feet (8m) high
+ at the shoulders and had at 40 foot (12m) long neck. </P>
+
+<P> "Ultrasaurus macintoshi" was to be a name for some giant
+<LINK content="sauropod"/> bones from the Morrison Formation, but before it was
+ published the name <NOMEN name="Ultrasaurus"/> was given to a smaller, dubious Korean
+ sauropod (which was originally though to be larger because they
+ misidentified a humerus as an ulna). The giant American sauropod's name was
+ changed to <NOMEN name="Ultrasauros"/>. More recent analysis indicates that this creature
+ is made up of bones from <NOMEN name="Supersaurus vivianae"/>
+ and a large <NOMEN name="Brachiosaurus altithorax"/>, so the name <NOMEN name="Ultrasauros"/> is
+ defunct.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Symphyrophus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Symphyrosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ solid roof
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="musculosus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1878"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Brachyrophus altarkansanus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Syngonosaurus">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Sygmosaurus"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1879"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ fused side lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="macrocercus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Acanthopholis macrocercus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Syntarsus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ fused ankle
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <MASS value="13"/>
+ <SPECIES name="rhodesiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Raath" year="1969"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <PLACE name="N. Zimbabwe, S. Africa"/>
+ <REMAINS content="30 skeletons"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Rhodesia <LOW>(=Zimbabwe)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="colberti">
+ <SYNONYM name="Rioarribasaurus colberti" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kayentakatae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Rowe" year="1989"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Arizona"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletons"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Kayenta <LOW>0</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Syntarsus kayentakatae"/> had two small crests, similar to those of
+larger coelophysoids like <NOMEN name="Dilophosaurus"/>.</P>
+
+<P>Individuals thought to be <NOMEN name="S. kayentakatae"/> juveniles
+have been reevaluated as adults of a distinct form to be given its own
+genus (provisionally called "Shake-N-Bake theropod").</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Syrmosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ crawling lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="viminicaudus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1952"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Pinacosaurus grangeri"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="disparoserratus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Maleevus disparoserratus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Szechuanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Szechuan <LOW>Province</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="campi" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1942"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <MASS value="100"/>
+ <MASS value="150"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <REMAINS content="incomplete skeletons" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="yandonesis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Yangchuanosaurus yandonensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="zigongensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gao" year="1993"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Zigong
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The skeletons assigned to <NOMEN name="Szechuanosaurus campi"/> may not belong to the same species
+ as the type material (teeth).
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Talarurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ wicker tail
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="over 5 specimens"/>
+ <SPECIES name="plicatospineus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1952"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="disparoserratus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Maleevus disparoserratus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tangvayosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Tang Vay lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="hoffeti">
+ <AUTHOR name="Allian, Taquet, Battail, Dejax, Richir, Veran, Limon-Duparcmeur, Vacant, Mateus, Sayarath, Khenthavong, Phouyavong" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>Josué-Heilmann</LOW> Hoffet's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Laos"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons"/>
+ <ESSAY><P>
+ May be the same as <NOMEN name="Titanosaurus falloti"/>.
+ </P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tanius" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>H. C.</LOW> Tan's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="73 skeletons, skeletal elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="sinensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wiman" year="1929"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from China
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="chingkankouensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1958"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus" status="q"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Ch'ing-kang-kou <LOW>village</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="laiyangensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhen" year="1976"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus" status="q"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="prynadai">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus prynadai" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tanystropheus" type="none">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Tanystrophaeus"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1855"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Prolacertiformes"/>
+ <MEANING>stretched vertebra</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="bauri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Coelophysis bauri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longicollis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Coelurus longicollis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="posthumus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Halticosaurus longotarsus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ after death
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="willistoni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1887"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Coelurus longicollis"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ilium"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tanystrosuchus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kuhn" year="1963"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <NOMEN name="Tanystropheus"/> crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="posthumus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tanystropheus posthumus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tapejara" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ ancient being
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <SPECIES name="wellnhoferi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kellner" year="1989"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 skulls"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Peter</LOW> Wellnhofer's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="imperator">
+ <REMAINS content="skull"/>
+ <MEANING>emperor</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Skin impressions show that <NOMEN name="Tapejara imperator"/>
+and an unnamed species had a stretch
+of skin supported by two crests on its head, one above its nostrils, the other
+behind its eyes. This may have been for sexual display.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tapinocephalus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Owen" year="1876"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Therapsida"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tarascosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Tarasqué <LOW>(Spanish dragon)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="salluvicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Le Loeff, Buffetaut" year="1991"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tarbosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ alarming lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="efremovi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus efremovi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bataar">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus bataar" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lanpingensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus lanpingensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="luanchuanensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus novojilovi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="periculosus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus periculosus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="turpanensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tyrannosaurus turpanensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tarchia">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maryañska" year="1977"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ brainy <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="7 specimens"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gigantea" original="Dyoplosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1956"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gigantic
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kielanae">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maryañska" year="1977"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="gigantea"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tatisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Ta-Ti <LOW>village</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Sinemurian"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary"/>
+ <SPECIES name="oehleri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Simmons" year="1965"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Could be a primitive <LINK content="stegosaur"/> or a more primitive
+ <LINK content="thyreophoran"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Taveirosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Taveiro <LOW>village</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="costai" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Telles-Antunes, Sigogneau-D. A. Russell" year="1991"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tawasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Dawa lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="minor">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1982"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Lufengosaurus huenei"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lesser
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Technosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Texas</LOW> Techno<LOW>logical University</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Texas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary"/>
+ <SPECIES name="smalli">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chatterjee" year="1984"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tecovasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Tecovas <LOW>Member</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Arizona, Texas"/>
+ <PLACE name="France" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="murrayi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hunt, Lucas" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tehuelchesaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Tehuelche <LOW>tribe</LOW> lizard</MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="benitezii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Rich, Vickers-Rich, Gimenez, Cúneo, Puerta, Vacca" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>Aldino</LOW> Benitez' <LOW>(discoverer)</LOW></MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <TIME value="Callovian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" museum="MPEF-PV" id="1125" content="dorsal, sarcal & caudal vertebrae; rib fragments; girdle & limb (fore and hind) elements, associated skin impressions"/>
+ <LENGTH value="15" q="1"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P> The (incomplete) dorsal centra of this animal bear similarities to the Asian
+ <LINK content="sauropod"/> <NOMEN name="Omeisaurus tianfuensis"/>. The
+ girdle and limb elements, on the other hand, resemble
+ <NOMEN name="Patagosaurus"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Teinurosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1928"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="emended" year="1929"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ stretched tail lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="sauvagei">
+ <SYNONYM name="Caudocoelus sauvagei" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Teleocrater" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Charig" year="1956"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+ <MEANING>far bowl</MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Telmatosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1903"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ marsh lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Romania, France, Spain"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skulls (some with postcrania)"/>
+ <REMAINS content="eggs" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="transylvanicus" original="Limnosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nopcsa" year="1899"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Transylvanian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cantabrigiensis" status="dubium" original="Trachodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1888"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dolloi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Orthomerus dolloi"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="prynadai">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus prynadai" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Very primitive for such a late-occurring <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>. Its skull
+ was more similar to <NOMEN name="Iguanodon"/> and its kin. </P>
+
+<P> Spherical eggs found in clutches of two to four have been
+ tentatively assigned to this <LINK content="dinosaur"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tenantosaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="kaiseni" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Chure, McIntosh" year="1989"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Tenontosaurus tillettorum"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tendaguria" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Tendaguru <LOW>beds one</LOW></MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="tanzaniensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte, Heinrich, Wild" year="2000"/>
+ <MEANING>from Tanzania</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Tanzania"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tenontosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ tendon lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6.5"/>
+ <MASS value="900"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Albian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tillettorum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ostrom" year="1970"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana, Texas, Utah, Wyoming, Oklahoma"/>
+ <REMAINS content="over 25 skeletons, skeletal elements, teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dossi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Winkler, Murray, Jacobs" year="1997"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete specimen"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This primitive <LINK content="iguanodont"/> had an extremely long tail. </P>
+
+<P> One specimen was found in association with several <NOMEN name="Deinonychus"/>, suggesting
+ that it may have been preyed upon by packs of these small
+ <LINK content="theropods"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Teratosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ monster lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="suevicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer" year="1861"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+ <MEANING>Swabian</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lloydi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Cladeiodon lloydi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minor" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lesser
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="quenstedti">
+ <SYNONYM name="Zanclodon quenstedti" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="trossingensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Trossingen
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Termatosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Meyer, Plieninger" year="1844"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tetragonosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ four-sided lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="praeceps">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1931"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Lambeosaurus lambei"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ forehead?
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cranibrevis">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1935"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Corythosaurus casuarius"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short-headed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="erectofrons">
+ <AUTHOR name="Parks" year="1931"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Corythosaurus casuarius"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Texasetes" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Texas resident
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Texas"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth, vertebral centra, cranial fragment, partial scapluocoracoid, ends of ilia, limb elements, armor"/>
+ <SPECIES name="pleurohalio">
+ <AUTHOR name="Coombs" year="1995"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Teyuwasu" type="with">
+ <TIME value="LTr"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <MEANING>big lizard <LOW>(Tupi language)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="barbarenai">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mischlat" year="1999"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>M. C.</LOW> Barbarena's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <REMAINS content="right femur & tibia"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Thecocoelurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1923"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ socket hollow tail
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="daviesi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Thecospondylus daviesi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Thecodontosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ socket tooth lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="40" q="1"/>
+ <MASS value="70" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Norian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Rhaetian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England, Wales"/>
+ <SPECIES name="antiquus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Morris" year="1843"/>
+ <REMAINS content="over 100 elements (juvenile to adult), skull, partial skeletons"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="BMNH" id="49984" content="tibiae, radius, 2 unguals, tail vertebra, ?tooth" synonym="Agrosaurus macgillvrayi"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ antique
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="browni" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1895"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="browni2" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1895"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="minor"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="diagnosticus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ diagnostic
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dubius" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ doubtful
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="elizae">
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus elizae" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="fraserianus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Palaeosaurus2 fraserianus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gibbidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Galtonia gibbidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ gracile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hermannianus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1908"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Sellosaurus gracilis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="macgillvrayi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Agrosaurus macgillvrayi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minor" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1918"/>
+ <REMAINS content="neck vertebra, tibia, ischium"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lesser
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minor2" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Haughton" year="1924"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Massospondylus carinatus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lesser
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="polyzelus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Anchisaurus polyzelus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="skirtopodus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hortalotarsus skirtopodus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The most primitive well-known <LINK content="sauropodomorph"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Thecospondylus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ socket vertebra
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Europe"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial sacrum"/>
+ <SPECIES name="horneri" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1882"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="daviesi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Seeley" year="1888"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Calamospondylus2 foxi"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally classified as a small <LINK content="theropod"/>
+ ("coelurosaur"), but may be <LINK content="ornithischian"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Therizinosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ reaper/scythe lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <LENGTH value="11"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Transbaykalia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial forelimb, foot, vertebrae, hindlimb, claws, tooth"/>
+ <REMAINS content="ribs, eggs" q="1"/>
+ <SPECIES name="cheloniformis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1954"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ turtle-formed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/> was named for remains from the southern Gobi Desert,
+ which included huge claws measuring up to 28 inches (and that's without the
+ horny sheath that covered them in life!) as well as seven-foot-long arms
+ and some flattened ribs. They were originally thought to be remains of a
+ giant <LINK content="turtle"/>-like creature (hence the specific name
+ <NOMEN name="T. cheloniformis"/>). </P>
+
+<P> More remains were found in Kazakhstan, Transbaykalia, and Inner Mongolia
+ in the late 50's, including a partial forelimb, partial hindlimbs, and a
+ tooth. The new discoveries showed that <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/> was not a
+ turtle at all, but a <LINK content="dinosaur"/>, probably a new kind of
+ <LINK content="theropod"/>. (The ribs of the first specimen may belong to a
+ <LINK content="sauropod"/>.) </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/> was kept in its own group for a long time.
+ Only recently have scientists discovered its close relation to the bizarre
+ segnosaurs (now known as <LINK content="therizinosaurs"/>). </P>
+
+<P> One of the most striking characteristics of <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/>
+ (apart from the myriad of striking characteristics it shares with other
+ therizinosaurs) is the huge, blade-like claws on the hand. Other
+ therizinosaurs had them, but none as insanely large
+ as those of <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/>. </P>
+
+<P> Many ideas have been postulated about these claws. It has been suggested
+ that therizinosaurs used them to rip open giant termite nests, like
+ anteaters and aardvarks. But the idea that an animal of
+ <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/>' size (over 30 feet long) could subsist on a
+ diet of insects seems rather unlikely. </P>
+
+<P> Instead, the claws may be analogous to those of the
+ extinct giant ground sloths and chalicotheres (relatives of horses).
+ Members of both of these groups were quite large in size and bore huge,
+ blade-like claws on their hands. They were both herbivorous, as
+ therizinosaurs probably were. It has been suggested that they used their
+ claws when browsing to bring foliage closer to their mouths. They would
+ also have come in handy as defensive weapons. </P>
+
+<P> The giant <LINK content="ornithomimosaur"/> <NOMEN name="Deinocheirus"/> is another mysterious
+ theropod known mostly from gigantic arms. Strangely enough, it comes from
+ the same time and place as <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/>. </P>
+
+<P> Huge fossilized eggs found in Mongolia (13cm diameter, 45cm long) have been
+ attributed to <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/>, or possibly <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Therosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Fitzenger" year="1843"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon mantelli"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ beast lizard
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Thescelosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ wonderful lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <MASS value="300"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Saskatchewan, Colorado, Montana, S. Dakota, Wyoming"/>
+ <REMAINS content="1 complete specimen, 8 partial skeletons, elements, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="neglectus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1913"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ neglected
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1940"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="neglectus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Edmonton <LOW>Group</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="garbanii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bugenasaura garbanii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <PLACE name="S. Dakota"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete skeleton with preserved ?heart, cartilaginous sternal ribs and plates attached to ribs, ?tendons attached to vertebrae" nickname="Willo"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp2.">
+ <TIME section="middle-late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="warrenae">
+ <SYNONYM name="Parksosaurus warrenae" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P header='A "Hearty" Fossil'> A new specimen of this genus may be the first
+dinosaur fossil with a preserved heart. If the structure is the heart, it confirms predictions, based on
+living dinosaurs (<LINK content="neornithean birds"/>) and the dinosaurs'
+closest living relatives (<LINK content="crocodylians"/>) that dinosaurs
+had four-chambered hearts. The structure is similar to that of birds,
+suggesting high levels of activity. <I>see</I> <REFER
+page="http://www.dinoheart.org/"/></P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Thespesius" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ mighty <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Nebraska"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tail vertebrae, pedal phalanx"/>
+ <SPECIES name="occidentalis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1856"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ western
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="agilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Claosaurus agilis" status="objective"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ agile
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="altidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Trachodon altidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amurensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Mandschurosaurus amurensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="annectens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="arctatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Cionodon arctatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="calamarius">
+ <SYNONYM name="Diclonius calamarius" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus edmontonensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grallipes">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pteropelyx grallipes" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kyzylkumensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus kyzylkumensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longiceps">
+ <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan longiceps" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="marginatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Kritosaurus marginatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pentagonus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Diclonius pentagonus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="perangulatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Diclonius perangulatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="saskatchewanensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="selwyni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Trachodon selwyni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stenopsis" status="dubium" original="Cionodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1875"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ narrow-faced
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Thotobolosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Thobol lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <TIME value="Norian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Africa"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mabeatae" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Ellenberger" year="1972"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tianchisaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Tianchiasaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Tenchisaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Teinchisaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Lake</LOW> Tian Chi <LOW>(Heavenly Pool)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="cranial fragments, vertebrae, limb elements, scutes"/>
+ <SPECIES name="nedegoapeferima">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1993"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Sam </LOW>Ne<LOW>ill, Laura </LOW>De<LOW>rn, Jeff
+ </LOW>Go<LOW>ldblum, Sir Richard </LOW>A<LOW>ttenborough,
+ Bob </LOW>Pe<LOW>ck, Martin </LOW>Fe<LOW>rrero, Ariana
+ </LOW>Ri<LOW>chards, & Joseph </LOW>Ma<LOW>zzello's</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Tianchisaurus nedegoapeferima"/> is named after the cast members
+ of the movie <U>Jurassic Park</U>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tianchungosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1983"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Tianchung lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="J" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Might be a misspelling of <NOMEN name="Dianchungosaurus"/>, a <LINK content="heterodontosaurid"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tianzhenosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Tianzhen lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="youngi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Pang, Zheng" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tichosteus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ wall bone
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <SPECIES name="lucasanus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebra"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="aequifacies" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1877"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Could be an <LINK content="iguanodont"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tienshanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Tien Shan <LOW>Mountains</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Teishanosaurus" author="Dong" year="1990"/>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <TIME value="Oxfordian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium, ?17 caudal vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="chitalensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1937"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="luoquanensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Omeisaurus luoquanensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="tianfuensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Omeisaurus tianfuensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="zdanskyi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Euhelopus zdanskyi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Timimus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Tim <LOW>Rich and Tim Flannery's m</LOW>imic
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="femora (juvenile and adult)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hermani">
+ <AUTHOR name="Rich, Vickers-Rich" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally classified as an early <LINK content="ornithomimosaur"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Titanopteryx" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Enderlein" year="1935"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Titans' wings
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="philadelphiae">
+ <SYNONYM name="Arambourgiania philadelphiae" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Titanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Titan lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ <SPECIES name="indicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1877"/>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <MASS value="5500"/>
+ <MASS value="7500"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranial material"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Indian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="araukanicus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Laplatasaurus araukanicus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="australis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus australis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="blanfordi" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1879"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="indicus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="colberti">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jain, Bandyopadhyay" year="1997"/>
+ <LENGTH value="20"/>
+ <REMAINS content="postcranium without hindlimbs"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Edwin H.</LOW> Colbert's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dacus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Magyarosaurus dacus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="falloti" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hoffet" year="1943"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Sauropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Laos"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hungaricus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Magyarosaurus hungaricus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lydekkeri" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Macrurosaurus semnus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Lydekker's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="madagascariensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Laplatasaurus madagascariensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="nanus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1893"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Saltasaurus loricatus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ dwarf
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="rahioliensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Mathur, Srivatsava" year="1987"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Sauropoda" incertae="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="India"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Neuquensaurus robustus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="transylvanicus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Magyarosaurus transylvanicus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="valdensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Iuticosaurus valdensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Titanosaurus2" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Lydekker" year="1877"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Titan lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="montanus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Apatosaurus montanus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tochisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ ostrich lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="metatarsus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="nemegtensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov, Osmólska" year="1991"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Nemegt <LOW>Formation</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tomodon" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Dumeril" year="1853"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ cutting tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="horrificus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Diplotomodon horrificus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tonouchisaurus" type="with">
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="complete hand, foot"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Barsbold" year="1994"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Mongolia
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possibly an early <LINK content="tyrannosauroid"/>, since
+ the hand had two fingers.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tornieria">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sternfield" year="1911"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Gustav</LOW> Tornier's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="africana">
+ <SYNONYM name="Barosaurus africanus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dixeyi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Malawisaurus dixeyi" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gracilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Barosaurus gracilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robusta">
+ <MISSPELLED name="gigantea" author="von Huene" year="1956"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Janenschia robusta" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Sternfeld" year="1911"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Torosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ punctured lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <MASS value="7000"/>
+ <MASS value="8000"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming, Montana, S. Dakota, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Texas, Saskatchewan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="5 partial skulls, elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="latus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1891"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ broad
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gladius">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1896"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="latus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="utahensis" original="Arrhinoceratops">
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1946"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="latus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Utah
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Torosaurus"/> once had the largest known head of any land animal, with an
+ eight-foot-long skull making up half its body length
+ (excluding the tail). Recently, a <NOMEN name="Pentaceratops"/> skull was found with
+ an even larger skull. </P>
+
+<P> <REFER page="http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/3404/"
+title="The Torosaurus Home Page"/> </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Torvosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ savage lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <MASS value="2000"/>
+ <MASS value="5000" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Colorado"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletal elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tanneri">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton, Jensen" year="1979"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Trachodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ rough tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mirabilis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1856"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary, tooth"/>
+ <REMAINS content="maxilla" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="affinis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Claosaurus affinis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="agilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Claosaurus agilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="altidens" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="mirabilis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amurense">
+ <SYNONYM name="Mandschurosaurus amurensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="annectens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus annectens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="arctatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Cionodon arctatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="atavus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1871"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Thespesius occidentalis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="breviceps">
+ <SYNONYM name="Prosaurolophus breviceps" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="calamarius">
+ <SYNONYM name="Diclonius calamarius" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cantabrigiensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Telmatosaurus cantabrigiensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cavatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hadrosaurus cavatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus edmontonensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="foulkii">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hadrosaurus foulkii" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="grallipes">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pteropelyx grallipes" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="imperfectus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Sanpasaurus imperfectus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="kyzylkumensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bactrosaurus kyzylkumensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longiceps">
+ <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan longiceps" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longiceps2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1897"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Anatotitan copei"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ long-headed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="marginatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Kritosaurus marginatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minor">
+ <SYNONYM name="Hadrosaurus minor2" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="occidentalis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Thespesius occidentalis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="pentagonus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Diclonius pentagonus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="perangulatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Diclonius perangulatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="saskatchewanensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="selwyni" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lambe" year="1902"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary with teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stenopsis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Thespesius stenopsis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> One of the first American <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> to be named. Probably the
+ same thing as another <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Trialestes">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1982"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Pseudosuchia"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LINK content="Triassic"/> thief
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Triassolestes">
+ <AUTHOR name="Reig" year="1963"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Tillyard" year="1918"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Trialestes"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LINK content="Triassic"/> thief
+ </MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tribelesodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Basani" year="1886"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON incertae="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Triceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ three horns face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <MASS value="4500"/>
+ <MASS value="8000"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming, Montana, S. Dakota, Colorado, Alberta, Saskatchewan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="around 50 skulls, many partial skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="horridus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ horrid
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="albertensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="C. M. Sternberg" year="1949"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull parts"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Alberta
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="alticornis" status="dubium" original="Bison">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1887"/>
+ <REMAINS content="pair of brow horns"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ tall-horned
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brevicornis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hatcher" year="1905"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="prorsus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ short-horned
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="calicornus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1898"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="horridus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="elatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1891"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="horridus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="eurycephalus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Schlaikjer" year="1935"/>
+ <REMAINS content="fragmentary skull including cheek and brow horns"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="flabellatus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="horridus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="galeus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nose horn"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hatcheri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Diceratops hatcheri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ingens" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lull" year="1915"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial specimen"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="maximus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown" year="1933"/>
+ <REMAINS content="8 vertebrae, 2 ribs"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ greatest
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="mortuarius">
+ <SYNONYM name="Polyonax mortuarius" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="obtusus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1898"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="horridus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ obtuse
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="prorsus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="serratus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="horridus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ serrated
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sulcatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1890"/>
+ <REMAINS content="pair of brow horns"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sylvestris">
+ <SYNONYM name="Agathaumas sylvestris" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Triceratops"/>, the largest <LINK content="ceratopsian"/>, was different from other
+ <LINK content="ceratopsines"/> in having a short, completely solid frill
+ (in contrast to the large "windows" in those of other ceratopsines,
+ especially <NOMEN name="Chasmosaurus"/>). This 30-foot-long herbivore has often been
+ portrayed in combat with its largest predator, <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus rex"/>.
+
+ <NOMEN name="Triceratops prorsus"/> may be synonymous with <NOMEN name="T. horridus"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Trimucrodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ triply-pointed tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Portugal"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tooth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="cuneatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Thulborn" year="1973"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tripriodon" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="caperatus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Marsh" year="1889"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Mammalia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Triprotodon" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chure, McIntosh" year="1989"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ three fore teeth
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="caperatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tripriodon caperatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Troodon" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Troödon"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ wounding tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <MASS value="50"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Montana, Wyoming"/>
+ <SPECIES name="formosus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1856"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth, 20 skeletons, eggs with embryos"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="andrewsi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Heptasteornis andrewsi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="asiamericanus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Saurornithoides asiamericanus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bakkeri" status="dubium" original="Pectinodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Carpenter" year="1982"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="formosus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Robert</LOW> Bakker's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bexelli">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tylocephale bexelli" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="brevis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Stegoceras brevis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cristatus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dromaeosaurus cristatus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="edmontonensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Stegoceras edmontonense" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="isfarensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Saurornithoides isfarensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="minutus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ornithomimus minutus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sternbergi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Brown, Schlaikjer" year="1943"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Stegoceras validum"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Charles M.</LOW> Sternberg's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="validus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Stegoceras validum" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="wyomingensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The creature we know as <NOMEN name="Troodon"/> was once called <NOMEN name="Stenonychosaurus"/>. The
+ genus <NOMEN name="Troodon"/> was first named (as <I>Troödon</I>) for some sharp teeth
+ (one of the first American <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> to be named).
+ These were mistakenly identified as those of (among other things) a
+ monitor lizard, a <LINK content="pachycephalosaur"/> (<NOMEN name="Stegoceras"/>), and a
+ carnivorous <LINK content="hypsilophodont"/>! They were later recognized
+ as identical to those of the more complete <NOMEN name="Stenonychosaurus"/> specimens, so
+ the younger name was dropped in favor of the older. </P>
+
+<P> Eggs formerly assigned to <NOMEN name="Orodromeus"/> have turned out to be <NOMEN name="Troodon"/>. Some have
+ been found in dirt nests. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Troodon bakkeri"/> may be a distinct species, or even genus (<NOMEN name="Pectinodon"/>). </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tropeognathus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ keel jaw
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mesembrinus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1987"/>
+ <MEANING>southern</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Wellnhofer" year="1987"/>
+ <MEANING>robust</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tsagantegia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Tsagan Teg <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="longicranialis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Tumanova" year="1993"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ long-skulled
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tsintaosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Qingdao lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Campanian"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 skulls, elements from at least 4 individuals"/>
+ <SPECIES name="spinorhinus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1958"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ spine-nosed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="chingkankouensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Tanius chingkankouensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="laiyangensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhen" year="1976"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="spinorhinus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This "unicorn <LINK content="hadrosaurid"/>" had a thin, hollow crest jutting
+forward. Some argued that the crest was an artifact of preservation
+(an altered snout bone), but another specimen was found with
+the same feature. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tsuchikurasaurus" status="unpublished">
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tugulusaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Tugulo <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="hindlimb, rib, vertebral centrum"/>
+ <SPECIES name="faciles" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1973"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ easy
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tuojiangosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Tiejiangosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Tuojiongosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Tueojiangosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Tuo River lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 partial skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="multispinus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Li, Zhou, Zhang" year="1973"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ multi-spined
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Had fifteen pairs of triangular plates down the back and two pairs of
+ spikes on the tail. The best-known Asian <LINK content="stegosaur"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tupuxuara" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Tupuxuara <LOW>(a familiar spirit)</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Brazil"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete specimens, misc."/>
+ <SPECIES name="leonardii">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kellner, Campos" year="1988"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longicristatus">
+ <MEANING>long-crested</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Turanoceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Turanian <LOW>Platform</LOW> horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Kazakhstan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tardabilis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov, Kaznyshkina" year="1989"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Could be the only Asian <LINK content="ceratopsid"/>, possibly a <LINK content="centrosaurine"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tylocephale" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ swollen head
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <SPECIES name="gilmorei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1974"/>
+ <REMAINS content="incomplete skull"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bexelli" status="dubium" original="Troodon">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bohlin" year="1953"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tylosteus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ swollen bone
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="ornatus" status="oblitum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Leidy" year="1872"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis"/>
+ <MEANING>ornate</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tyrannosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ tyrant lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="rex" status="conservandum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1905"/>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="14"/>
+ <MASS value="4500"/>
+ <MASS value="7000"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ king
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME section="late" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Alberta, Saskatchewan, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, N. Dakota, S. Dakota, Wyoming"/>
+ <PLACE name="Texas" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS type="holo" museum="CM" id="9380" content="skeleton lacking some neck vertebrae, forelimbs, most of tail"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="CM" id="7541" content="nearly complete skull"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="008" content="skull"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="009" content="pelvis, hindlimb, skull"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="555" content="skeleton" nickname="The Wankel Specimen"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="559" content="back part of braincase"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MOR" id="980" content="skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="U. of Notre Dame" content="dentaries, incomplete pelvis, etc." q="1" nickname="The Rigby Giant"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="DIS" id="101" content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="Ill. State Geo. Survey" content="metatarsal"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="private" content="partial skeleton" nickname="Mr. Zed"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="Bowman College" content="fragmentary skeleton" nickname="Bowman"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="Dakota Dinosaur Museum" content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="Royal Saskatchewan Museum" content="partial skeleton" nickname="Scottie"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="Madison Museum, U. of Wis." content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="FMNH" id="PR2081" content="skeleton lacking tail tip, forelimb, foot"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="UCMP" id="118742" content="maxilla"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="UCMP" id="131583" content="maxilla, dentaries"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="NMMNH" id="P-1013-1" content="fragmentary skull, chevron"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="LACM" id="23844" content="skull material, etc.?"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="LACM" id="23845" content="fragmentary skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5027" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5117" content="braincase"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="AMNH" id="5881" content="hindlimb"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="RTMP" id="81.6.1" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="RTMP" id="81.12.1" content="postorbital, partial spine, hindlimbs"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="RTMP" id="82.50.11" content="maxilla"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="CMNH" id="1400" content="skull fragments, ribs, chevrons, ischia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="CMNH" id="9379" content="braincase"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="CMNH" id="9380" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="DMNH" id="2827" content="partial hindlimb"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="BHI" id="4100" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="BHI" content="fragmentary skeleton" nickname="Fox"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="BHI" content="fragmentary skeleton" nickname="Steve"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="6183" content="hindlimb without foot"/>
+ <REMAINS age="juvenile" museum="TMM" id="41436-1" content="left maxilla" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="BHI" id="2033" synonym="stanwinstonorum"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="BHI" id="3033" content="partial skeleton" synonym="stanwinstonorum"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="SDSM" id="12047" content="partial skeleton" synonym="stanwinstonorum"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MMS" id="51-2004" content="front part of braincase" synonym="stanwinstonorum"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="USNM" id="358563" synonym="stanwinstonorum"/>
+ <REMAINS q="1" content="partial skeleton" age="subadult" synonym="Albertosaurus megagracilis"/>
+ <REMAINS q="1" age="juvenile" museum="CMNH" id="7541" content="complete skull" synonym="Gorgosaurus lancensis"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeleton" age="juvenile" nickname="Tinker"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="amplus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Aublysodon amplus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bataar">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1955"/>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <LENGTH value="12"/>
+ <MASS value="4000"/>
+ <MASS value="5000"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China, Mongolia"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ warrior/hero
+ </MEANING>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="551-1" content="skeleton lacking forelimb" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="551-2" content="complete skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="551-3" content="skull"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="551-4" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="551-6" content="partial scapulocoracoid"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="551-91" content="partial snout"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="552-1" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="552-1" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="552-2" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="552-4" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="553-1" content="skull, fragmentary postcranium"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="553-2" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PIN" id="553-5" content="partial skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="ZPAL" id="MgD-I/3" content="skeleton" age="juvenile"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="GIM SPS" id="100/59" content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="NSM" content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="IVPP" id="V836" content="fragmentary scapula"/>
+ <REMAINS q="1" age="juvenile" museum="PIN" id="552-2" content="partial skeleton" synonym="Gorgosaurus novojilovi"/>
+ <REMAINS q="1" museum="NIGP" id="V4733" synonym="luanchuanensis" content="tooth"/>
+ <REMAINS q="1" content="tooth" synonym="lanpingensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="efremovi" original="Tarbosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maleev" year="1955"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>I. A.</LOW> Efremov's
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <LENGTH value="8"/>
+ <MASS value="2000"/>
+ <MASS value="3000"/>
+ <TIME section="early" value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="PEN AN SSR" id="551-3" content="partial skeleton" type="holo"/>
+ <REMAINS content="nearly complete skeleton"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="gigantus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR year="1990"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="rex"/>
+ <MEANING>gigantic</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="imperiosus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Dynamosaurus imperiosus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lancensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancensis" status="objective"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Gilmore" year="1946"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Lance <LOW>Formation</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lancinator">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus lancinator" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lanpingensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Yeh" year="1975"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="bataar" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="lanpingi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1986"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="lanpingensis"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="luanchuanensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1979"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="bataar" q="1"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="megagracilis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Albertosaurus megagracilis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="novojilovi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Gorgosaurus novojilovi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="stanwinstonorum" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="rex"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="torosus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Daspletosaurus torosus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="turpanensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhai, Zheng, Tong" year="1978"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="bataar"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus rex"/>, possibly the most popular <LINK
+content="dinosaur"/> ever, was for a long time the largest known
+terrestrial predator. But new discoveries of <LINK
+content="carcharodontosaurines"/> have recently ousted the "king of the
+tyrant lizards" from its title. But there still remains the possibility
+that an even larger <NOMEN name="T. rex"/> specimen may be found some day.
+And it <U>was</U> the largest known predator of its time, at the end of
+the Mesozoic Era.</P>
+
+<P> The most complete <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus"/> skeleton, a female(?)
+<NOMEN name="T. rex"/> (=<NOMEN name="T. stanwinstonorum"/>) nicknamed "Sue",
+was recently sold for over $7 million by Sotheby's to corporate benefactors
+on behalf of the Chicago Field Museum. </P>
+
+<P header="Odd Remains"> Recently an enormous coprolite (fossilized piece of dung) from
+Saskatchewan was referred to <NOMEN name="T. rex"/>. At 43cm in length and
+2.4L in volume, this is the largest known coprolite from a carnivore. Tiny,
+well-crushed bone fragments indicate that the meal was a small subadult
+<LINK content="ornithischian"/>. </P>
+
+<P> Eggs tentatively assigned to <NOMEN name="Therizinosaurus"/> may belong
+to an Asian species of <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus"/>. </P>
+
+<P header="Classification"> The various species included here in <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus"/> are
+sometimes placed in other genera. <NOMEN name="T. efremovi"/> was originally
+<NOMEN name="Tarbosaurus"/>, and sometimes <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus bataar"/> is also
+included in that genus. Others put <NOMEN name="T. bataar"/> into its
+own genus, <NOMEN name="Jenghizkhan"/>. Still others consider
+<NOMEN name="T. efremovi"/> to be the subadult stage of
+<NOMEN name="T. bataar"/>. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="Tyrannosaurus novojilovi"/> and <NOMEN name="T. lancensis"/>
+were thought by some to be pygmy <LINK content="tyrannosaurins"/>,
+and were accorded their own genera (<NOMEN name="Maleevosaurus"/> and
+<NOMEN name="Nanotyrannus"/>, respectively). But they seem instead to
+be juveniles. <NOMEN name="T. novojilovi"/> likely belongs to
+<NOMEN name="T. bataar"/> or <NOMEN name="T. efremovi"/>, and
+<NOMEN name="T. lancensis"/> likely belongs to <NOMEN name="T. rex"/>.
+<NOMEN name="T. megagracilis"/> also likely belongs to <NOMEN name="T. rex"/>,
+representing the subadult stage. It is sometimes placed in
+<NOMEN name="Dinotyrannus"/>. </P>
+
+<P> <NOMEN name="T. luanchuanensis"/> and <NOMEN name="T. lanpingensis"/>,
+both dubious tooth taxa, probably belong to either <NOMEN name="T. bataar"/>
+or <NOMEN name="T. efremovi"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Tyreophorus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1929"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> A misspelling of <LINK content="Thyreophora"/>, in reference
+ to indeterminate <LINK content="ankylosaurian"/> material. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Udanoceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Udan<LOW>-Sayr</LOW> horned face
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="4.5" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull (missing frill), partial pelvis, scapula, coracoid, fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="tschizhovi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kurzanov" year="1992"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The largest bipedal <LINK content="ceratopsian"/>. Its jaw was very deep.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ugrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>ugly lizard</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial premaxilla, nose horn, fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="olsoni" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cobabe, Fastovsky" year="1986"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> May belong to <NOMEN name="Triceratops"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Uintasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Uinta <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="douglassi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Holland" year="1919"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Camarasaurus lentus"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ultrasauros">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jensen"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ ultra lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="macintoshi" original="Ultrasaurus2">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jensen" year="1985"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Supersaurus vivianae"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Brachiosaurus altithorax"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ultrasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ ultra lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="S. Korea"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial femur, etc."/>
+ <SPECIES name="tabriensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kim" year="1983"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> This animal was once thought to be a huge <LINK content="sauropod"/>, and
+ described as a species of Ultrasaurus, a huge North American
+ sauropod. Unfortunately, Ultrasaurus macintoshi was not officially described
+ at that time, so this Korean species accidentally became
+ the type species of <NOMEN name="Ultrasaurus"/>. The name of the North American species was
+ changed to <NOMEN name="Ultrasauros macintoshi"/>. </P>
+
+<P> The "humerus" of this animal turned out to be a femur, so it was not as large
+ as originally thought.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Ultrasaurus2" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Kim" year="1983"/>
+ <SPECIES name="macintoshi">
+ <SYNONYM name="Ultrasauros macintoshi" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Umarsaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Maryañska, Osmólska" year="1981"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Olshevsky" year="1992"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Barsboldia"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Unenlagia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ half-bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Turonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium"/>
+ <SPECIES name="comahuensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Novas" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Comahue <LOW>Formation</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> One of the closest non-<LINK content="avian"/> <LINK content="dinosaurs"/> to
+ <LINK content="birds"/>, this South American creature had a back-turned pubis,
+ like <LINK content="dromaeosaurids"/> and birds. It also had a shoulder joint
+ that would allow flapping. <NOMEN name="Unenlagia"/> itself was too big to fly, so it was
+ probably secondarily flightless, like modern-day
+ <LINK content="ratites"/>. </P>
+
+<P> It was found in the same area as the larger <NOMEN name="Megaraptor"/>. It has been
+ suggested that they could be the same, <NOMEN name="Unenlagia"/> being the
+ juvenile or subadult form.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Unicerosaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Baugh"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Armstrong" year="1987"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Gnathostomata" incertae="1"/>
+ <MEANING>one horn lizard</MEANING>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Unquillosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Unquillo <LOW>River</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="pubis"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ceibalii">
+ <AUTHOR name="J. E. Powell" year="1979"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Originally claimed to be a giant, 35 feet (11m) in length. </P>
+
+<P> May be the same as <NOMEN name="Unenlagia"/>. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Utahraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Utah raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <MASS value="1000"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Utah"/>
+ <REMAINS content="claws (hand & foot), tibia, lachrymal, premaxilla, tail vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="ostrommaysorum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Kirkland, Gaston, Burge" year="1993"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>John</LOW> Ostrom and Mays'
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="spielbergi" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonar, Lassieur, McCafferty, Voci"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="ostrommaysorum"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Steven</LOW> Spielberg's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The largest definite <LINK content="dromaeosaurid"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Valdoraptor">
+ <AUTHOR name="Olshevsky" year="1991"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW> raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="metatarsi"/>
+ <SPECIES name="oweni" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Lydekker" year="1889"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Sir Richard</LOW> Owen's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Valdosaurus">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Baldosaurus"/>
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1977"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <TIME value="Berriasian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <SPECIES name="canaliculatus" original="Dryosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1975"/>
+ <PLACE name="England, Romania"/>
+ <REMAINS content="dentary, teeth, postcranial elements (including femora)"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="dextrapoda" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Blows" year="1998"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="nigeriensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton, Taquet" year="1982"/>
+ <PLACE name="Niger"/>
+ <REMAINS content="femora"/>
+ <MEANING>from Niger</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Variraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Var <LOW>Department</LOW> raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <MASS value="50"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian" section="late"/>
+ <TIME value="Maastrichtian" section="early"/>
+ <PLACE name="France"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="MDE"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mechinorum" status="dubiumQ">
+ <AUTHOR name="Le Loeuff, Buffetaut" year="1998"/>
+ <MEANING><LOW>Anne and Patrick</LOW> Mechin's</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Vectensia" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Delair" year="1982"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Polacanthus foxii"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Vectisaurus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="valdensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hulke" year="1879"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Iguanodon atherfieldensis"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Velocipes" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ speedy foot
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Carnian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Germany"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial bone (fibula?)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="guerichi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Velociraptor" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ speedy raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="2"/>
+ <MASS value="7"/>
+ <MASS value="15"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Mongolia, China"/>
+ <PLACE name="Russia" q="1"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeletons (adult & juvenile)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="mongoliensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Osborn" year="1924"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Mongolia
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="antirrhopus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Deinonychus antirrhopus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="langstoni">
+ <SYNONYM name="Saurornitholestes langstoni" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sp.">
+ <SYNONYM name="Bambiraptor feinbergorum"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Velocisaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ speedy lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="1.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Coniacian"/>
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tibia, astragalus, foot"/>
+ <SPECIES name="unicus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1991"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+ <P>This animal's middle metatarsal was greatly enlargened, while the outer ones
+ were reduced. This was probably an adaptation for running, opposite to
+ that of many running <LINK content="coelurosaurs"/> (whose outer metatarsals
+ became stronger, greatly reducing the inner one).</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Venaticosuchus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1971"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Archosauromorpha"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Volkheimeria" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Wolfgang</LOW> Volkheimer's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="back vertebrae, pelvis, hindlimb"/>
+ <SPECIES name="chubutensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bonaparte" year="1979"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from Chubut <LOW>Province</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Sometimes considered a <LINK content="brachiosaurid"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Vorona" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Madagascar"/>
+ <REMAINS content="hindlimbs"/>
+ <SPECIES name="berivotrensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Forster, Chiappe, Krause, Sampson" year="1996"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possessed a "switchblade" foot claw, like those of <LINK content="deinonychosaurs"/>
+ and other basal <LINK content="paravians"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Vulcanodon" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ volcano tooth
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6.5"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Zimbabwe"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skeleton, scapula"/>
+ <SPECIES name="karibaensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Raath" year="1972"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The teeth (found in rock of volcanic origin) which this genus was named
+ after actually came from a predator that may have eaten it.
+ <NOMEN name="Vulcanodon"/> was similar to "<LINK content="prosauropods"/>", but probably the
+ earliest <LINK content="sauropod"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Wakinosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Wakino <LOW>Subgroup</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Berriasian"/>
+ <TIME value="Hauterivian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Japan"/>
+ <REMAINS content="incomplete tooth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="satoi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Okazaki" year="1992"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>Proposed as a <LINK content="carnosaur"/>, but, hey, it's just a tooth
+(an incomplete one at that). It could be anything.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Walgettosuchus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Walgett crocodile
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Australia"/>
+ <REMAINS content="tail vertebra"/>
+ <SPECIES name="woodwardi" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Walkeria" type="with">
+ <AUTHOR type="first" name="Fleming" year="1823"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>Alick</LOW> Walker's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="maleriensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Alwalkeria maleriensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Walkersaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Welles, H. P. Powell, Pickering"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>Walker's lizard</MEANING>
+ <MASS value="300" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="snout fragments, teeth"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hesperis" original="Megalosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Waldman" year="1974"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="referred" name="Pickering" year="1995"/>
+ <MEANING>western</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Wannanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Wannan lizard"
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.6"/>
+ <TIME value="Campanian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull roof, mandible, postcranial fragments"/>
+ <SPECIES name="yansiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Hou" year="1977"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Wuerhosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Wuerho lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Valanginian"/>
+ <TIME value="Albian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="homheni">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1973"/>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium, 3 tail vertebrae"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="ordosensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1993"/>
+ <LENGTH value="4.5"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial postcranium without limbs"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The last of the <LINK content="stegosaurs"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Wyleyia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>J. F.</LOW> Wyley's <LOW>one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="0.5" q="1"/>
+ <LENGTH value="1" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial humerus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="valdensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Harrison, C. A. Walker" year="1973"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ from <LOW>the</LOW> Wealden <LOW>Group</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Wyomingopteryx" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bakker" year="1994"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Wyoming wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Wyomingraptor" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Anonymous" year="1997"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Wyoming raider
+ </MEANING>
+ <PLACE name="Wyoming"/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>Based on material assigned to <NOMEN name="Allosaurus"/>, to be
+re-described by Robert Bakker.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Xenotarsosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ strange ankle lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Cenomanian" q="1"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, leg elements"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bonapartei">
+ <AUTHOR name="Martínez, Giminez, Rodriguez, Bochatey" year="1986"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ <LOW>José</LOW> Bonaparte's
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Xiaosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ small/dawn lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="teeth, partial mandible, postcranial material"/>
+ <SPECIES name="dashanpensis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Tang" year="1983"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="multidens">
+ <SYNONYM name="Yandusaurus multidens" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Probably either a basal <LINK content="ornithischian"/> or a primitive
+ <LINK content="ornithopod"/>.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Xuanhanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Xuanhan <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="6"/>
+ <MASS value="250" q="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="vertebrae, scapulae, forelimbs"/>
+ <SPECIES name="qilixiaensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong" year="1984"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Xuanhuasaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Xuanhan <LOW>County</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="EK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="niei" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhao" year="1986"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Possibly a relative of <NOMEN name="Chaoyangsaurus"/>.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Yaleosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="von Huene" year="1932"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Yale <LOW>University</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="colurus">
+ <SYNONYM name="Anchisaurus colurus" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Yandangornis" type="with">
+ <TIME value="Santonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <LENGTH value=".6"/>
+ <MEANING>Yandang <LOW>Mountains</LOW> bird</MEANING>
+ <REMAINS museum="ZMNH" id="M1326" type="holo" content="nearly complete skeleton (missing parts of forelimbs, skull, and tail)"/>
+ <SPECIES name="longicaudus">
+ <MEANING>long-tailed</MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Cai, Zhao" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+<ESSAY><P>Classified as a <LINK content="bird"/> by its authors, but may
+not be. If it is an <LINK content="avian"/>, it is the only one known to
+combine a long tail (at least 20 vertebrae; <I>sans</I> pygostyle; about
+half total length) and a lack of teeth (in the premaxilla, at least). The
+holotype was found in association with the <LINK content="pterosaur"/>
+<NOMEN name="Zhejiangopterus"/>.</P></ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Yandusaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Yandu <LOW>(=Zigong)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="Bathonian"/>
+ <TIME value="Callovian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="2 nearly complete skeletons"/>
+ <SPECIES name="hongheensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="He" year="1979"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="multidens">
+ <AUTHOR name="He, Cai" year="1983"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Othnieliidae"/>
+ <REMAINS museum="T" id="6001" content="incomplete skeleton" type="holo"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> <NOMEN name="Yandusaurus multidens"/> seems to be a different type of <LINK content="ornithopod"/>
+ than the type species, and will be given a new generic name.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Yangchuanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Yang-chu'an <LOW>District</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="10"/>
+ <LENGTH value="11"/>
+ <MASS value="3500"/>
+ <TIME value="Kimmeridgian"/>
+ <TIME value="Tithonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="shangyouensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Chang, Li, Zhou" year="1978"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skeleton without forelimbs, feet, or end of tail"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="hepingensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Sinraptor hepingensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="longqiaoensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Li, Zhang, Cai" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="magnus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae, pelvis, femur"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ great
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="yandonensis" original="Szechuanosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Chang, Li, Zhou" year="1978"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Yaverlandia" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Yaverland <LOW>Point (on the Isle of Wight) one</LOW>
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1"/>
+ <TIME value="Barremian"/>
+ <PLACE name="England"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull fragment"/>
+ <SPECIES name="bitholus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Galton" year="1971"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ doubly domed
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Usually considered a very primitive <LINK content="pachycephalosaur"/>, although
+ one recent study suggests that it is more advanced, despite its early
+ occurrence.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Yezosaurus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Obata, Muramoto" year="1977"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Diapsida" incertae="1"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Yimenosaurus" type="with">
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="skull, vertebrae, limb elements, etc."/>
+ <SPECIES name="youngi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Bai" year="1990"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Bai, Yang, Wang" year="1990"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Yingshanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Yinshanosaurus"/>
+ <MISSPELLED name="Yunshanosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Yingshan lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LJ"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <SPECIES name="jichuanensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Zhou" year="1984"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> Had broad spikes on its shoulders.
+</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Yubasaurus" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="He" year="1975"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Yandusaurus"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Yungavolucris" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="bretincola">
+ <AUTHOR name="Chiappe" year="1993"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ Yunga bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Yunnanosaurus" type="with">
+ <MISSPELLED name="Yünnanosaurus"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Yunnan <LOW>Province</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="7"/>
+ <TIME value="Hettangian"/>
+ <TIME value="Pliensbachian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="20 skeletons (some complete, some juvenile), 2 skulls"/>
+ <SPECIES name="huangi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1942"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="robustus">
+ <AUTHOR name="Young" year="1951"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="huangi"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ robust
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>A <LINK content="sauropod"/>-like maxilla assigned to this genus
+is now thought to actually be from a sauropod.</P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Zanclodon" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="laevis" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Plieninger" year="1846"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ lucky/left/light
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="bavaricus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sandberger" year="1894"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ <MEANING>
+ Bavarian
+ </MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="cambrensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Newtonsaurus cambrensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="plieningeri">
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus plieningeri" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="quenstedti">
+ <AUTHOR name="Koken" year="1900"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="schutzii" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="E. Fraas" year="1900"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="sileiacus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Jaekel" year="1910"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Plateosaurus engelhardti"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Zapsalis" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ through shears
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="abradens" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1876"/>
+ <SYNONYM name="Paronychodon lacustris"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Zatomus" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="sarcophagus" status="dubium">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cope" year="1871"/>
+ <PROPERTAXON name="Reptilia" incertae="1"/>
+ <MEANING>flesh-eating</MEANING>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Zephyrosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Zephyr's <LOW>(god of the west wind)</LOW> lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="1.8"/>
+ <TIME value="Aptian"/>
+ <PLACE name="Montana"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial skull, vertebrae"/>
+ <SPECIES name="schaffi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Sues" year="1980"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Zhejiangopterus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Zhejiang <LOW>Province</LOW> wing
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="5"/>
+ <TIME section="early-middle" value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="four specimens"/>
+ <SPECIES name="linhaiensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Cai, Feng" year="1994"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Zhyraornis" type="with">
+ <SPECIES name="kashkarovi">
+ <AUTHOR name="Nessov" year="1984"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <MEANING>
+ Dzhyra<LOW>kuduk waterwell</LOW> bird
+ </MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LK"/>
+ <PLACE name="Uzbekistan"/>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Zigongosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Zigong lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <SPECIES name="fuxiensis">
+ <SYNONYM name="Mamenchisaurus fuxiensis" status="objective"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Zizhongosaurus" type="with">
+ <MEANING>
+ Zizhong lizard
+ </MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="9"/>
+ <TIME value="Toarcian"/>
+ <PLACE name="China"/>
+ <REMAINS content="back vertebrae, pubis, humerus"/>
+ <SPECIES name="chuanchengensis">
+ <AUTHOR name="Dong, Zhou, Zhang" year="1983"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <SPECIES name="huangshibanensis" status="nudum">
+ <AUTHOR name="Li"/>
+ <AUTHOR type="vide" name="Li, Zhang, Cai" year="1999"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Zuniceratops" type="with">
+ <MEANING>Zuni <LOW>(North American tribe)</LOW> horned face</MEANING>
+ <LENGTH value="3"/>
+ <LENGTH value="3.5"/>
+ <MASS value="200"/>
+ <MASS value="250"/>
+ <TIME section="middle" value="Turonian"/>
+ <PLACE name="New Mexico"/>
+ <SPECIES name="christopheri">
+ <MEANING>Christopher's <LOW>(the discoverer)</LOW></MEANING>
+ <AUTHOR name="Wolfe, Kirkland" year="1998"/>
+ </SPECIES>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P> The first known <LINK content="ceratopsian"/> with brow horns, and the
+oldest named American ceratopsian. </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
+
+<GENUS name="Zupaysaurus" status="unpublished">
+ <MEANING>devil lizard</MEANING>
+ <TIME value="LTr"/>
+ <PLACE name="Argentina"/>
+ <REMAINS content="partial vertebra, pelvic bones, shoulder bones, complete skull, etc."/>
+ <ESSAY>
+<P>If you were really bored and felt like going through the whole Genus List
+alphabetically one by one, you can stop now. (Or, if you're going backwards,
+quit now; you'll never make it). </P>
+ </ESSAY>
+</GENUS>
projects / idzebra-moved-to-github.git / blobdiff