Factored character encoders out to separate files (iconv system).
[yaz-moved-to-github.git] / src / siconv.c
index de3c54e..e0f3514 100644 (file)
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 1995-2008, Index Data ApS
  * See the file LICENSE for details.
- *
- * $Id: siconv.c,v 1.50 2008-03-12 08:53:28 adam Exp $
  */
 /**
- * \file siconv.c
+ * \file
  * \brief Implements simple ICONV
  *
  * This implements an interface similar to that of iconv and
@@ -13,8 +11,6 @@
  * For systems where iconv is not present, this layer
  * provides a few important conversions: UTF-8, MARC-8, Latin-1.
  *
- * MARC-8 reference:
- *  http://www.loc.gov/marc/specifications/speccharmarc8.html
  */
 
 #if HAVE_CONFIG_H
 
 #include <yaz/xmalloc.h>
 #include <yaz/nmem.h>
-#include <yaz/snprintf.h>
 #include "iconv-p.h"
 
-typedef unsigned long yaz_conv_func_t(unsigned char *inp, size_t inbytesleft,
-                                      size_t *no_read, int *combining,
-                                      unsigned mask, int boffset);
-
-
 yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8_42_conv;
 yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8_45_conv;
 yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8_67_conv;
@@ -56,30 +46,13 @@ yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8_34_conv;
 yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8_53_conv;
 yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8_31_conv;
 
-yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8r_42_conv;
-yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8r_45_conv;
-yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8r_67_conv;
-yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8r_62_conv;
-yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8r_70_conv;
-yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8r_32_conv;
-yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8r_4E_conv;
-yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8r_51_conv;
-yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8r_33_conv;
-yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8r_34_conv;
-yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8r_53_conv;
-yaz_conv_func_t yaz_marc8r_31_conv;
-
 struct yaz_iconv_struct {
     int my_errno;
     int init_flag;
     size_t (*init_handle)(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned char *inbuf,
-                          size_t inbytesleft, size_t *no_read);
+                            size_t inbytesleft, size_t *no_read);
     unsigned long (*read_handle)(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned char *inbuf,
                                  size_t inbytesleft, size_t *no_read);
-    size_t (*write_handle)(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned long x,
-                           char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft);
-    size_t (*flush_handle)(yaz_iconv_t cd,
-                           char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft);
     int g0_mode;
     int g1_mode;
 
@@ -92,94 +65,10 @@ struct yaz_iconv_struct {
 #if HAVE_ICONV_H
     iconv_t iconv_cd;
 #endif
-    unsigned long compose_char;
-
-    unsigned write_marc8_second_half_char;
-    unsigned long write_marc8_last;
-    int write_marc8_ncr;
-    const char *write_marc8_lpage;
-    const char *write_marc8_g0;
-    const char *write_marc8_g1;
+    struct yaz_iconv_encoder_s encoder;
 };
 
 
-static struct {
-    unsigned long x1, x2;
-    unsigned y;
-} latin1_comb[] = {
-    { 'A', 0x0300, 0xc0}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE */
-    { 'A', 0x0301, 0xc1}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE */
-    { 'A', 0x0302, 0xc2}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX */
-    { 'A', 0x0303, 0xc3}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE */
-    { 'A', 0x0308, 0xc4}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS */
-    { 'A', 0x030a, 0xc5}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE */
-    /* no need for 0xc6      LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE */
-    { 'C', 0x0327, 0xc7}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA */
-    { 'E', 0x0300, 0xc8}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE */
-    { 'E', 0x0301, 0xc9}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE */
-    { 'E', 0x0302, 0xca}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX */
-    { 'E', 0x0308, 0xcb}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS */
-    { 'I', 0x0300, 0xcc}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE */
-    { 'I', 0x0301, 0xcd}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE */
-    { 'I', 0x0302, 0xce}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX */
-    { 'I', 0x0308, 0xcf}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS */
-    { 'N', 0x0303, 0xd1}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE */
-    { 'O', 0x0300, 0xd2}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE */
-    { 'O', 0x0301, 0xd3}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE */
-    { 'O', 0x0302, 0xd4}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX */
-    { 'O', 0x0303, 0xd5}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE */
-    { 'O', 0x0308, 0xd6}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS */
-    /* omitted:    0xd7      MULTIPLICATION SIGN */
-    /* omitted:    0xd8      LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE */
-    { 'U', 0x0300, 0xd9}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE */
-    { 'U', 0x0301, 0xda}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE */
-    { 'U', 0x0302, 0xdb}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX */
-    { 'U', 0x0308, 0xdc}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS */
-    { 'Y', 0x0301, 0xdd}, /* LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE */
-    /* omitted:    0xde      LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN */
-    /* omitted:    0xdf      LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S */
-    { 'a', 0x0300, 0xe0}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE */
-    { 'a', 0x0301, 0xe1}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE */
-    { 'a', 0x0302, 0xe2}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX */
-    { 'a', 0x0303, 0xe3}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE */
-    { 'a', 0x0308, 0xe4}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS */
-    { 'a', 0x030a, 0xe5}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE */
-    /* omitted:    0xe6      LATIN SMALL LETTER AE */
-    { 'c', 0x0327, 0xe7}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA */
-    { 'e', 0x0300, 0xe8}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE */
-    { 'e', 0x0301, 0xe9}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE */
-    { 'e', 0x0302, 0xea}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX */
-    { 'e', 0x0308, 0xeb}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS */
-    { 'i', 0x0300, 0xec}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE */
-    { 'i', 0x0301, 0xed}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE */
-    { 'i', 0x0302, 0xee}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX */
-    { 'i', 0x0308, 0xef}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS */
-    /* omitted:    0xf0      LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH */
-    { 'n', 0x0303, 0xf1}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE */
-    { 'o', 0x0300, 0xf2}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE */
-    { 'o', 0x0301, 0xf3}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE */
-    { 'o', 0x0302, 0xf4}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX */
-    { 'o', 0x0303, 0xf5}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE */
-    { 'o', 0x0308, 0xf6}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS */
-    /* omitted:    0xf7      DIVISION SIGN */
-    /* omitted:    0xf8      LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE */
-    { 'u', 0x0300, 0xf9}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE */
-    { 'u', 0x0301, 0xfa}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE */
-    { 'u', 0x0302, 0xfb}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX */
-    { 'u', 0x0308, 0xfc}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS */
-    { 'y', 0x0301, 0xfd}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE */
-    /* omitted:    0xfe      LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN */
-    { 'y', 0x0308, 0xff}, /* LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS */
-    
-    { 0, 0, 0}
-};
-
-#define ESC "\033"
-
-static size_t yaz_write_marc8_page_chr(yaz_iconv_t cd, 
-                                       char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft,
-                                       const char *page_chr);
-
 static unsigned long yaz_read_ISO8859_1(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned char *inp,
                                         size_t inbytesleft, size_t *no_read)
 {
@@ -188,8 +77,6 @@ static unsigned long yaz_read_ISO8859_1(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned char *inp,
     return x;
 }
 
-
-
 #if HAVE_WCHAR_H
 static unsigned long yaz_read_wchar_t(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned char *inp,
                                       size_t inbytesleft, size_t *no_read)
@@ -275,16 +162,11 @@ static unsigned long yaz_read_marc8s(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned char *inp,
     unsigned long x = yaz_read_marc8(cd, inp, inbytesleft, no_read);
     if (x && cd->comb_size == 1)
     {
-        /* For MARC8s we try to get a Latin-1 page code out of it */
-        int i;
-        for (i = 0; latin1_comb[i].x1; i++)
-            if (cd->comb_x[0] == latin1_comb[i].x2 && x == latin1_comb[i].x1)
-            {
-                *no_read += cd->comb_no_read[0];
-                cd->comb_size = 0;
-                x = latin1_comb[i].y;
-                break;
-            }
+        if (yaz_iso_8859_1_lookup_x12(x, cd->comb_x[0], &x))
+        {
+            *no_read += cd->comb_no_read[0];
+            cd->comb_size = 0;
+        }
     }
     return x;
 }
@@ -402,455 +284,45 @@ incomplete:
     return 0;
 }
 
-static size_t yaz_write_ISO8859_1(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned long x,
-                                  char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft)
-{
-    /* list of two char unicode sequence that, when combined, are
-       equivalent to single unicode chars that can be represented in
-       ISO-8859-1/Latin-1.
-       Regular iconv on Linux at least does not seem to convert these,
-       but since MARC-8 to UTF-8 generates these composed sequence
-       we get a better chance of a successful MARC-8 -> ISO-8859-1
-       conversion */
-    unsigned char *outp = (unsigned char *) *outbuf;
-
-    if (cd->compose_char)
-    {
-        int i;
-        for (i = 0; latin1_comb[i].x1; i++)
-            if (cd->compose_char == latin1_comb[i].x1 && x == latin1_comb[i].x2)
-            {
-                x = latin1_comb[i].y;
-                break;
-            }
-        if (*outbytesleft < 1)
-        {  /* no room. Retain compose_char and bail out */
-            cd->my_errno = YAZ_ICONV_E2BIG;
-            return (size_t)(-1);
-        }
-        if (!latin1_comb[i].x1) 
-        {   /* not found. Just write compose_char */
-            *outp++ = (unsigned char) cd->compose_char;
-            (*outbytesleft)--;
-            *outbuf = (char *) outp;
-        }
-        /* compose_char used so reset it. x now holds current char */
-        cd->compose_char = 0;
-    }
 
-    if (x > 32 && x < 127 && cd->compose_char == 0)
-    {
-        cd->compose_char = x;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else if (x > 255 || x < 1)
-    {
-        cd->my_errno = YAZ_ICONV_EILSEQ;
-        return (size_t) -1;
-    }
-    else if (*outbytesleft < 1)
-    {
-        cd->my_errno = YAZ_ICONV_E2BIG;
-        return (size_t)(-1);
-    }
-    *outp++ = (unsigned char) x;
-    (*outbytesleft)--;
-    *outbuf = (char *) outp;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static size_t yaz_flush_ISO8859_1(yaz_iconv_t cd,
-                                  char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft)
-{
-    if (cd->compose_char)
-    {
-        unsigned char *outp = (unsigned char *) *outbuf;
-        if (*outbytesleft < 1)
-        {
-            cd->my_errno = YAZ_ICONV_E2BIG;
-            return (size_t)(-1);
-        }
-        *outp++ = (unsigned char) cd->compose_char;
-        (*outbytesleft)--;
-        *outbuf = (char *) outp;
-        cd->compose_char = 0;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static unsigned long lookup_marc8(yaz_iconv_t cd,
-                                  unsigned long x, int *comb,
-                                  const char **page_chr)
-{
-    char utf8_buf[7];
-    char *utf8_outbuf = utf8_buf;
-    size_t utf8_outbytesleft = sizeof(utf8_buf)-1, r;
-
-    r = yaz_write_UTF8(cd, x, &utf8_outbuf, &utf8_outbytesleft);
-    if (r == (size_t)(-1))
-    {
-        cd->my_errno = YAZ_ICONV_EILSEQ;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        unsigned char *inp;
-        size_t inbytesleft, no_read_sub = 0;
-        unsigned long x;
-
-        *utf8_outbuf = '\0';        
-        inp = (unsigned char *) utf8_buf;
-        inbytesleft = strlen(utf8_buf);
-
-        x = yaz_marc8r_42_conv(inp, inbytesleft, &no_read_sub, comb, 255, 0);
-        if (x)
-        {
-            *page_chr = ESC "(B";
-            return x;
-        }
-        x = yaz_marc8r_45_conv(inp, inbytesleft, &no_read_sub, comb, 255, 0);
-        if (x)
-        {
-            *page_chr = ESC "(B";
-            return x;
-        }
-        x = yaz_marc8r_62_conv(inp, inbytesleft, &no_read_sub, comb, 255, 0);
-        if (x)
-        {
-            *page_chr = ESC "b";
-            return x;
-        }
-        x = yaz_marc8r_70_conv(inp, inbytesleft, &no_read_sub, comb, 255, 0);
-        if (x)
-        {
-            *page_chr = ESC "p";
-            return x;
-        }
-        x = yaz_marc8r_32_conv(inp, inbytesleft, &no_read_sub, comb, 255, 0);
-        if (x)
-        {
-            *page_chr = ESC "(2";
-            return x;
-        }
-        x = yaz_marc8r_4E_conv(inp, inbytesleft, &no_read_sub, comb, 255, 0);
-        if (x)
-        {
-            *page_chr = ESC "(N";
-            return x;
-        }
-        x = yaz_marc8r_51_conv(inp, inbytesleft, &no_read_sub, comb, 255, 0);
-        if (x)
-        {
-            *page_chr = ESC "(Q";
-            return x;
-        }
-        x = yaz_marc8r_33_conv(inp, inbytesleft, &no_read_sub, comb, 255, 0);
-        if (x)
-        {
-            *page_chr = ESC "(3";
-            return x;
-        }
-        x = yaz_marc8r_34_conv(inp, inbytesleft, &no_read_sub, comb, 255, 0);
-        if (x)
-        {
-            *page_chr = ESC "(4";
-            return x;
-        }
-        x = yaz_marc8r_53_conv(inp, inbytesleft, &no_read_sub, comb, 255, 0);
-        if (x)
-        {
-            *page_chr = ESC "(S";
-            return x;
-        }
-        x = yaz_marc8r_31_conv(inp, inbytesleft, &no_read_sub, comb, 255, 0);
-        if (x)
-        {
-            *page_chr = ESC "$1";
-            return x;
-        }
-        cd->my_errno = YAZ_ICONV_EILSEQ;
-        return x;
-    }
-}
-
-static size_t flush_combos(yaz_iconv_t cd,
-                           char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft)
-{
-    unsigned long y = cd->write_marc8_last;
-
-    if (!y)
-        return 0;
-
-    assert(cd->write_marc8_lpage);
-    if (cd->write_marc8_lpage)
-    {
-        size_t r = yaz_write_marc8_page_chr(cd, outbuf, outbytesleft,
-                                            cd->write_marc8_lpage);
-        if (r)
-            return r;
-    }
-
-    if (9 >= *outbytesleft)
-    {
-        cd->my_errno = YAZ_ICONV_E2BIG;
-        return (size_t) (-1);
-    }
-    if (cd->write_marc8_ncr)
-    {
-        yaz_snprintf(*outbuf, 9, "&#x%04x;", y);
-        (*outbytesleft) -= 8;
-        (*outbuf) += 8;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        size_t out_no = 0;
-        unsigned char byte;
-
-        byte = (unsigned char )((y>>16) & 0xff);
-        if (byte)
-            (*outbuf)[out_no++] = byte;
-        byte = (unsigned char)((y>>8) & 0xff);
-        if (byte)
-            (*outbuf)[out_no++] = byte;
-        byte = (unsigned char )(y & 0xff);
-        if (byte)
-            (*outbuf)[out_no++] = byte;
-        *outbuf += out_no;
-        (*outbytesleft) -= out_no;
-    }
-
-    if (cd->write_marc8_second_half_char)
-    {
-        *(*outbuf)++ = cd->write_marc8_second_half_char;
-        (*outbytesleft)--;
-    }        
-
-    cd->write_marc8_last = 0;
-    cd->write_marc8_ncr = 0;
-    cd->write_marc8_lpage = 0;
-    cd->write_marc8_second_half_char = 0;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static size_t yaz_write_marc8_page_chr(yaz_iconv_t cd, 
-                                       char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft,
-                                       const char *page_chr)
-{
-    const char **old_page_chr = &cd->write_marc8_g0;
 
-    /* are we going to a G1-set (such as such as ESC ")!E") */
-    if (page_chr && page_chr[1] == ')')
-        old_page_chr = &cd->write_marc8_g1;
-
-    if (!*old_page_chr || strcmp(page_chr, *old_page_chr))
-    {
-        size_t plen = 0;
-        const char *page_out = page_chr;
-        
-        if (*outbytesleft < 8)
-        {
-            cd->my_errno = YAZ_ICONV_E2BIG;
-            
-            return (size_t) (-1);
-        }
-
-        if (*old_page_chr)
-        {
-            if (!strcmp(*old_page_chr, ESC "p") 
-                || !strcmp(*old_page_chr, ESC "g")
-                || !strcmp(*old_page_chr, ESC "b"))
-            {
-                page_out = ESC "s";
-                /* Technique 1 leave */
-                if (strcmp(page_chr, ESC "(B")) /* Not going ASCII page? */
-                {
-                    /* Must leave script + enter new page */
-                    plen = strlen(page_out);
-                    memcpy(*outbuf, page_out, plen);
-                    (*outbuf) += plen;
-                    (*outbytesleft) -= plen;
-                    page_out = ESC "(B";
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        *old_page_chr = page_chr;
-        plen = strlen(page_out);
-        memcpy(*outbuf, page_out, plen);
-        (*outbuf) += plen;
-        (*outbytesleft) -= plen;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-
-static size_t yaz_write_marc8_2(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned long x,
-                                char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft,
-                                int loss_mode)
-{
-    int comb = 0;
-    int enable_ncr = 0;
-    const char *page_chr = 0;
-    unsigned long y = lookup_marc8(cd, x, &comb, &page_chr);
-
-    if (!y)
-    {
-        if (loss_mode == 0 || cd->my_errno != YAZ_ICONV_EILSEQ)
-            return (size_t) (-1);
-        page_chr = ESC "(B";
-        if (loss_mode == 1)
-            y = '|';
-        else
-        {
-            y = x; 
-            enable_ncr = 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (comb)
-    {
-        if (page_chr)
-        {
-            size_t r = yaz_write_marc8_page_chr(cd, outbuf, outbytesleft,
-                                                page_chr);
-            if (r)
-                return r;
-        }
-        if (x == 0x0361)
-            cd->write_marc8_second_half_char = 0xEC;
-        else if (x == 0x0360)
-            cd->write_marc8_second_half_char = 0xFB;
-
-        if (*outbytesleft <= 1)
-        {
-            cd->my_errno = YAZ_ICONV_E2BIG;
-            return (size_t) (-1);
-        }
-        *(*outbuf)++ = y;
-        (*outbytesleft)--;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        size_t r = flush_combos(cd, outbuf, outbytesleft);
-        if (r)
-            return r;
-
-        cd->write_marc8_last = y;
-        cd->write_marc8_lpage = page_chr;
-        cd->write_marc8_ncr = enable_ncr;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static size_t yaz_flush_marc8(yaz_iconv_t cd,
-                              char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft)
-{
-    size_t r = flush_combos(cd, outbuf, outbytesleft);
-    if (r)
-        return r;
-    cd->write_marc8_g1 = 0;
-    return yaz_write_marc8_page_chr(cd, outbuf, outbytesleft, ESC "(B");
-}
-
-static size_t yaz_write_marc8_generic(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned long x,
-                                      char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft,
-                                      int loss_mode);
-
-static size_t yaz_write_marc8_normal(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned long x,
-                                     char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft)
-{
-    return yaz_write_marc8_generic(cd, x, outbuf, outbytesleft, 0);
-}
-
-static size_t yaz_write_marc8_lossy(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned long x,
-                                    char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft)
-{
-    return yaz_write_marc8_generic(cd, x, outbuf, outbytesleft, 1);
-}
-
-static size_t yaz_write_marc8_lossless(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned long x,
-                                    char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft)
-{
-    return yaz_write_marc8_generic(cd, x, outbuf, outbytesleft, 2);
-}
-
-static size_t yaz_write_marc8_generic(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned long x,
-                                      char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft,
-                                      int loss_mode)
+int yaz_iconv_isbuiltin(yaz_iconv_t cd)
 {
-    if (x >= 0xc0 && x <= 0xff) /* optimization. min and max .y values */
-    {
-        int i;
-        for (i = 0; latin1_comb[i].x1; i++)
-        {
-            if (x == latin1_comb[i].y)
-            {
-                size_t r ;
-                /* save the output pointers .. */
-                char *outbuf0 = *outbuf;
-                size_t outbytesleft0 = *outbytesleft;
-                int last_ch = cd->write_marc8_last;
-                int ncr = cd->write_marc8_ncr;
-                const char *lpage = cd->write_marc8_lpage;
-                
-                r = yaz_write_marc8_2(cd, latin1_comb[i].x1,
-                                      outbuf, outbytesleft, loss_mode);
-                if (r)
-                    return r;
-                r = yaz_write_marc8_2(cd, latin1_comb[i].x2,
-                                      outbuf, outbytesleft, loss_mode);
-                if (r && cd->my_errno == YAZ_ICONV_E2BIG)
-                {
-                    /* not enough room. reset output to original values */
-                    *outbuf = outbuf0;
-                    *outbytesleft = outbytesleft0;
-                    cd->write_marc8_last = last_ch;
-                    cd->write_marc8_ncr = ncr;
-                    cd->write_marc8_lpage = lpage;
-                }
-                return r;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return yaz_write_marc8_2(cd, x, outbuf, outbytesleft, loss_mode);
+    return cd->read_handle && cd->encoder.write_handle;
 }
 
 
-#if HAVE_WCHAR_H
-static size_t yaz_write_wchar_t(yaz_iconv_t cd, unsigned long x,
-                                char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft)
+static int prepare_encoders(yaz_iconv_t cd, const char *tocode)
 {
-    unsigned char *outp = (unsigned char *) *outbuf;
-
-    if (*outbytesleft >= sizeof(wchar_t))
-    {
-        wchar_t wch = x;
-        memcpy(outp, &wch, sizeof(wch));
-        outp += sizeof(wch);
-        (*outbytesleft) -= sizeof(wch);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cd->my_errno = YAZ_ICONV_E2BIG;
-        return (size_t)(-1);
-    }
-    *outbuf = (char *) outp;
+    if (yaz_marc8_encoder(tocode, &cd->encoder))
+        return 1;
+    if (yaz_utf8_encoder(tocode, &cd->encoder))
+        return 1;
+    if (yaz_ucs4_encoder(tocode, &cd->encoder))
+        return 1;
+    if (yaz_iso_8859_1_encoder(tocode, &cd->encoder))
+        return 1;
+    if (yaz_iso_5428_encoder(tocode, &cd->encoder))
+        return 1;
+    if (yaz_advancegreek_encoder(tocode, &cd->encoder))
+        return 1;
+    if (yaz_wchar_encoder(tocode, &cd->encoder))
+        return 1;
     return 0;
 }
-#endif
-
-int yaz_iconv_isbuiltin(yaz_iconv_t cd)
-{
-    return cd->read_handle && cd->write_handle;
-}
 
 yaz_iconv_t yaz_iconv_open(const char *tocode, const char *fromcode)
 {
     yaz_iconv_t cd = (yaz_iconv_t) xmalloc (sizeof(*cd));
 
-    cd->write_handle = 0;
+    cd->encoder.data = 0;
+    cd->encoder.write_handle = 0;
+    cd->encoder.flush_handle = 0;
+    cd->encoder.init_handle = 0;
+    cd->encoder.destroy_handle = 0;
+
     cd->read_handle = 0;
     cd->init_handle = 0;
-    cd->flush_handle = 0;
     cd->my_errno = YAZ_ICONV_UNKNOWN;
 
     /* a useful hack: if fromcode has leading @,
@@ -884,73 +356,29 @@ yaz_iconv_t yaz_iconv_open(const char *tocode, const char *fromcode)
         else if (!yaz_matchstr(fromcode, "WCHAR_T"))
             cd->read_handle = yaz_read_wchar_t;
 #endif
-        
-        if (!yaz_matchstr(tocode, "UTF8"))
-            cd->write_handle = yaz_write_UTF8;
-        else if (!yaz_matchstr(tocode, "ISO88591"))
-        {
-            cd->write_handle = yaz_write_ISO8859_1;
-            cd->flush_handle = yaz_flush_ISO8859_1;
-        }
-        else if (!yaz_matchstr(tocode, "UCS4"))
-            cd->write_handle = yaz_write_UCS4;
-        else if (!yaz_matchstr(tocode, "UCS4LE"))
-            cd->write_handle = yaz_write_UCS4LE;
-        else if (!yaz_matchstr(tocode, "MARC8"))
-        {
-            cd->write_handle = yaz_write_marc8_normal;
-            cd->flush_handle = yaz_flush_marc8;
-        }
-        else if (!yaz_matchstr(tocode, "MARC8s"))
-        {
-            cd->write_handle = yaz_write_marc8_normal;
-            cd->flush_handle = yaz_flush_marc8;
-        }
-        else if (!yaz_matchstr(tocode, "MARC8lossy"))
-        {
-            cd->write_handle = yaz_write_marc8_lossy;
-            cd->flush_handle = yaz_flush_marc8;
-        }
-        else if (!yaz_matchstr(tocode, "MARC8lossless"))
-        {
-            cd->write_handle = yaz_write_marc8_lossless;
-            cd->flush_handle = yaz_flush_marc8;
-        }
-        else if (!yaz_matchstr(tocode, "advancegreek"))
-        {
-            cd->write_handle = yaz_write_advancegreek;
-        }
-        else if (!yaz_matchstr(tocode, "iso54281984"))
-        {
-            cd->write_handle = yaz_write_iso5428_1984;
-        }
-        else if (!yaz_matchstr(tocode, "iso5428:1984"))
-        {
-            cd->write_handle = yaz_write_iso5428_1984;
-        }
-#if HAVE_WCHAR_H
-        else if (!yaz_matchstr(tocode, "WCHAR_T"))
-            cd->write_handle = yaz_write_wchar_t;
-#endif
+        prepare_encoders(cd, tocode);
     }
+    if (cd->read_handle && cd->encoder.write_handle)
+    {
 #if HAVE_ICONV_H
-    cd->iconv_cd = 0;
-    if (!cd->read_handle || !cd->write_handle)
+        cd->iconv_cd = 0;
+#endif
+        ;
+    }
+    else
     {
+#if HAVE_ICONV_H
         cd->iconv_cd = iconv_open(tocode, fromcode);
         if (cd->iconv_cd == (iconv_t) (-1))
         {
-            xfree(cd);
+            yaz_iconv_close(cd);
             return 0;
         }
-    }
 #else
-    if (!cd->read_handle || !cd->write_handle)
-    {
-        xfree(cd);
+        yaz_iconv_close(cd);
         return 0;
-    }
 #endif
+    }
     cd->init_flag = 1;
     return cd;
 }
@@ -997,21 +425,13 @@ size_t yaz_iconv(yaz_iconv_t cd, char **inbuf, size_t *inbytesleft,
         cd->g1_mode = 'E';
         
         cd->comb_offset = cd->comb_size = 0;
-        cd->compose_char = 0;
-        
-        cd->write_marc8_second_half_char = 0;
-        cd->write_marc8_last = 0;
-        cd->write_marc8_ncr = 0;
-        cd->write_marc8_lpage = 0;
-        cd->write_marc8_g0 = ESC "(B";
-        cd->write_marc8_g1 = 0;
+
+        if (cd->encoder.init_handle)
+            (*cd->encoder.init_handle)(&cd->encoder);
         
         cd->unget_x = 0;
         cd->no_read_x = 0;
-    }
 
-    if (cd->init_flag)
-    {
         if (cd->init_handle && inbuf && *inbuf)
         {
             size_t no_read = 0;
@@ -1035,9 +455,11 @@ size_t yaz_iconv(yaz_iconv_t cd, char **inbuf, size_t *inbytesleft,
         if (outbuf && *outbuf)
         {
             if (cd->unget_x)
-                r = (*cd->write_handle)(cd, cd->unget_x, outbuf, outbytesleft);
-            if (cd->flush_handle)
-                r = (*cd->flush_handle)(cd, outbuf, outbytesleft);
+                r = (*cd->encoder.write_handle)(cd, &cd->encoder,
+                                                cd->unget_x, outbuf, outbytesleft);
+            if (cd->encoder.flush_handle)
+                r = (*cd->encoder.flush_handle)(cd, &cd->encoder,
+                                                outbuf, outbytesleft);
         }
         if (r == 0)
             cd->init_flag = 1;
@@ -1071,7 +493,8 @@ size_t yaz_iconv(yaz_iconv_t cd, char **inbuf, size_t *inbytesleft,
         }
         if (x)
         {
-            r = (*cd->write_handle)(cd, x, outbuf, outbytesleft);
+            r = (*cd->encoder.write_handle)(cd, &cd->encoder,
+                                            x, outbuf, outbytesleft);
             if (r)
             {
                 /* unable to write it. save it because read_handle cannot
@@ -1102,6 +525,8 @@ int yaz_iconv_close(yaz_iconv_t cd)
     if (cd->iconv_cd)
         iconv_close(cd->iconv_cd);
 #endif
+    if (cd->encoder.destroy_handle)
+        (*cd->encoder.destroy_handle)(&cd->encoder);
     xfree(cd);
     return 0;
 }