[yaz-moved-to-github.git] / server / seshigh.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1995, Index Data
 * See the file LICENSE for details.
 * Sebastian Hammer, Adam Dickmeiss
 *
 * $Log: seshigh.c,v $
 * Revision 1.63  1996-10-11 11:57:26  quinn
 * Smallish
 *
 * Revision 1.62  1996/07/06  19:58:35  quinn
 * System headerfiles gathered in yconfig
 *
 * Revision 1.61  1996/06/10  08:56:16  quinn
 * Work on Summary.
 *
 * Revision 1.60  1996/05/30  11:03:10  quinn
 * Fixed NextresultSetPosition bug fixed.
 *
 * Revision 1.59  1996/05/14  09:26:46  quinn
 * Added attribute set to scan backend
 *
 * Revision 1.58  1996/02/20  12:53:04  quinn
 * Chanes to SCAN
 *
 * Revision 1.57  1996/01/02  08:57:47  quinn
 * Changed enums in the ASN.1 .h files to #defines. Changed oident.class to oclass
 *
 * Revision 1.56  1995/12/14  11:09:57  quinn
 * Work on Explain
 *
 * Revision 1.55  1995/11/08  17:41:37  quinn
 * Smallish.
 *
 * Revision 1.54  1995/11/08  15:11:29  quinn
 * Log of close transmit.
 *
 * Revision 1.53  1995/11/01  13:54:58  quinn
 * Minor adjustments
 *
 * Revision 1.52  1995/11/01  12:19:13  quinn
 * Second attempt to fix same bug.
 *
 * Revision 1.50  1995/10/25  16:58:32  quinn
 * Simple.
 *
 * Revision 1.49  1995/10/16  13:51:53  quinn
 * Changes to provide Especs to the backend.
 *
 * Revision 1.48  1995/10/06  08:51:20  quinn
 * Added Write-buffer.
 *
 * Revision 1.47  1995/08/29  14:24:16  quinn
 * Added second half of close-handshake
 *
 * Revision 1.46  1995/08/29  11:17:58  quinn
 * Added code to receive close
 *
 * Revision 1.45  1995/08/21  09:11:00  quinn
 * Smallish fixes to suppport new formats.
 *
 * Revision 1.44  1995/08/17  12:45:25  quinn
 * Fixed minor problems with GRS-1. Added support in c&s.
 *
 * Revision 1.43  1995/08/15  12:00:31  quinn
 * Updated External
 *
 * Revision 1.42  1995/08/15  11:16:50  quinn
 *
 * Revision 1.41  1995/08/02  10:23:06  quinn
 * Smallish
 *
 * Revision 1.40  1995/07/31  14:34:26  quinn
 * Fixed bug in process_searchResponse (numberOfRecordsReturned).
 *
 * Revision 1.39  1995/06/27  13:21:00  quinn
 * SUTRS support
 *
 * Revision 1.38  1995/06/19  12:39:11  quinn
 * Fixed bug in timeout code. Added BER dumper.
 *
 * Revision 1.37  1995/06/16  13:16:14  quinn
 * Fixed Defaultdiagformat.
 *
 * Revision 1.36  1995/06/16  10:31:36  quinn
 * Added session timeout.
 *
 * Revision 1.35  1995/06/15  07:45:14  quinn
 * Moving to v3.
 *
 * Revision 1.34  1995/06/14  15:26:46  quinn
 * *** empty log message ***
 *
 * Revision 1.33  1995/06/06  14:57:05  quinn
 * Better diagnostics.
 *
 * Revision 1.32  1995/06/06  08:41:44  quinn
 * Better diagnostics.
 *
 * Revision 1.31  1995/06/06  08:15:37  quinn
 * Cosmetic.
 *
 * Revision 1.30  1995/06/05  10:53:32  quinn
 * Added a better SCAN.
 *
 * Revision 1.29  1995/06/01  11:25:03  quinn
 * Smallish.
 *
 * Revision 1.28  1995/06/01  11:21:01  quinn
 * Attempting to fix a bug in pack-records. replaced break with continue
 * for large records, according to standard.
 *
 * Revision 1.27  1995/05/29  08:12:06  quinn
 * Moved oid to util
 *
 * Revision 1.26  1995/05/18  13:02:12  quinn
 * Smallish.
 *
 * Revision 1.25  1995/05/17  08:42:26  quinn
 * Transfer auth info to backend. Allow backend to reject init gracefully.
 *
 * Revision 1.24  1995/05/16  08:51:04  quinn
 * License, documentation, and memory fixes
 *
 * Revision 1.23  1995/05/15  13:25:10  quinn
 * Fixed memory bug.
 *
 * Revision 1.22  1995/05/15  11:56:39  quinn
 * Asynchronous facilities. Restructuring of seshigh code.
 *
 * Revision 1.21  1995/05/02  08:53:19  quinn
 * Trying in vain to fix comm with ISODE
 *
 * Revision 1.20  1995/04/20  15:13:00  quinn
 * Cosmetic
 *
 * Revision 1.19  1995/04/18  08:15:34  quinn
 * Added dynamic memory allocation on encoding (whew). Code is now somewhat
 * neater. We'll make the same change for decoding one day.
 *
 * Revision 1.18  1995/04/17  11:28:25  quinn
 * Smallish
 *
 * Revision 1.17  1995/04/10  10:23:36  quinn
 * Some work to add scan and other things.
 *
 * Revision 1.16  1995/03/31  09:18:55  quinn
 * Added logging.
 *
 * Revision 1.15  1995/03/30  14:03:23  quinn
 * Added RFC1006 as separate library
 *
 * Revision 1.14  1995/03/30  12:18:17  quinn
 * Fixed bug.
 *
 * Revision 1.13  1995/03/30  09:09:24  quinn
 * Added state-handle and some support for asynchronous activities.
 *
 * Revision 1.12  1995/03/29  15:40:16  quinn
 * Ongoing work. Statserv is now dynamic by default
 *
 * Revision 1.11  1995/03/28  09:16:21  quinn
 * Added record packing to the search request
 *
 * Revision 1.10  1995/03/27  08:34:24  quinn
 * Added dynamic server functionality.
 * Released bindings to session.c (is now redundant)
 *
 * Revision 1.9  1995/03/22  15:01:26  quinn
 * Adjusting record packing.
 *
 * Revision 1.8  1995/03/22  10:13:21  quinn
 * Working on record packer
 *
 * Revision 1.7  1995/03/21  15:53:31  quinn
 * Little changes.
 *
 * Revision 1.6  1995/03/21  12:30:09  quinn
 * Beginning to add support for record packing.
 *
 * Revision 1.5  1995/03/17  10:44:13  quinn
 * Added catch of null-string in makediagrec
 *
 * Revision 1.4  1995/03/17  10:18:08  quinn
 * Added memory management.
 *
 * Revision 1.3  1995/03/16  17:42:39  quinn
 * Little changes
 *
 * Revision 1.2  1995/03/16  13:29:01  quinn
 * Partitioned server.
 *
 * Revision 1.1  1995/03/15  16:02:10  quinn
 * Modded session.c to seshigh.c
 *
 */

/*
 * Frontend server logic.
 *
 * This code receives incoming APDUs, and handles client requests by means
 * of the backend API.
 *
 * Some of the code is getting quite involved, compared to simpler servers -
 * primarily because it is asynchronous both in the communication with
 * the user and the backend. We think the complexity will pay off in
 * the form of greater flexibility when more asynchronous facilities
 * are implemented.
 *
 * Memory management has become somewhat involved. In the simple case, where
 * only one PDU is pending at a time, it will simply reuse the same memory,
 * once it has found its working size. When we enable multiple concurrent
 * operations, perhaps even with multiple parallel calls to the backend, it
 * will maintain a pool of buffers for encoding and decoding, trying to
 * minimize memory allocation/deallocation during normal operation.
 *
 * TODOs include (and will be done in order of public interest):
 * 
 * Support for EXPLAIN - provide simple meta-database system.
 * Support for access control.
 * Support for resource control.
 * Support for extended services - primarily Item Order.
 * Rest of Z39.50-1994
 *
 */

#include <yconfig.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include <xmalloc.h>
#include <comstack.h>
#include <eventl.h>
#include <session.h>
#include <proto.h>
#include <oid.h>
#include <log.h>
#include <statserv.h>

#include <backend.h>

static int process_request(association *assoc);
void backend_response(IOCHAN i, int event);
static int process_response(association *assoc, request *req, Z_APDU *res);
static Z_APDU *process_initRequest(association *assoc, request *reqb);
static Z_APDU *process_searchRequest(association *assoc, request *reqb,
    int *fd);
static Z_APDU *response_searchRequest(association *assoc, request *reqb,
    bend_searchresult *bsrt, int *fd);
static Z_APDU *process_presentRequest(association *assoc, request *reqb,
    int *fd);
static Z_APDU *process_scanRequest(association *assoc, request *reqb, int *fd);
static void process_close(association *assoc, request *reqb);

static FILE *apduf = 0; /* for use in static mode */
static statserv_options_block *control_block = 0;

/*
 * Create and initialize a new association-handle.
 *  channel  : iochannel for the current line.
 *  link     : communications channel.
 * Returns: 0 or a new association handle.
 */
association *create_association(IOCHAN channel, COMSTACK link)
{
    association *new;

    if (!control_block)
        control_block = statserv_getcontrol();
    if (!(new = xmalloc(sizeof(*new))))
        return 0;
    new->client_chan = channel;
    new->client_link = link;
    if (!(new->decode = odr_createmem(ODR_DECODE)) ||
        !(new->encode = odr_createmem(ODR_ENCODE)))
        return 0;
    if (*control_block->apdufile)
    {
        char filename[256];
        FILE *f;

        strcpy(filename, control_block->apdufile);
        if (!(new->print = odr_createmem(ODR_PRINT)))
            return 0;
        if (*control_block->apdufile != '-')
        {
            strcpy(filename, control_block->apdufile);
            if (!control_block->dynamic)
            {
                if (!apduf)
                {
                    if (!(apduf = fopen(filename, "w")))
                    {
                        logf(LOG_WARN|LOG_ERRNO, "%s", filename);
                        return 0;
                    }
                    setvbuf(apduf, 0, _IONBF, 0);
                }
                f = apduf;
            }
            else 
            {
                sprintf(filename + strlen(filename), ".%d", getpid());
                if (!(f = fopen(filename, "w")))
                {
                    logf(LOG_WARN|LOG_ERRNO, "%s", filename);
                    return 0;
                }
                setvbuf(f, 0, _IONBF, 0);
            }
            odr_setprint(new->print, f);
        }
    }
    else
        new->print = 0;
    new->input_buffer = 0;
    new->input_buffer_len = 0;
    new->backend = 0;
    new->state = ASSOC_NEW;
    request_initq(&new->incoming);
    request_initq(&new->outgoing);
    new->proto = cs_getproto(link);
    return new;
}

/*
 * Free association and release resources.
 */
void destroy_association(association *h)
{
    odr_destroy(h->decode);
    odr_destroy(h->encode);
    if (h->print)
        odr_destroy(h->print);
    if (h->input_buffer)
    xfree(h->input_buffer);
    if (h->backend)
        bend_close(h->backend);
    while (request_deq(&h->incoming));
    while (request_deq(&h->outgoing));
   xfree(h);
}

static void do_close(association *a, int reason, char *message)
{
    Z_APDU apdu;
    Z_Close *cls = zget_Close(a->encode);
    request *req = request_get();

    /* Purge request queue */
    while (request_deq(&a->incoming));
    while (request_deq(&a->outgoing));
    if (a->version >= 3)
    {
        logf(LOG_LOG, "Sending Close PDU, reason=%d, message=%s",
            reason, message ? message : "none");
        apdu.which = Z_APDU_close;
        apdu.u.close = cls;
        *cls->closeReason = reason;
        cls->diagnosticInformation = message;
        process_response(a, req, &apdu);
        iochan_settimeout(a->client_chan, 60);
    }
    else
    {
        logf(LOG_DEBUG, "v2 client. No Close PDU");
        iochan_setevent(a->client_chan, EVENT_TIMEOUT); /* force imm close */
    }
    a->state = ASSOC_DEAD;
}

/*
 * This is where PDUs from the client are read and the further
 * processing is initiated. Flow of control moves down through the
 * various process_* functions below, until the encoded result comes back up
 * to the output handler in here.
 * 
 *  h     : the I/O channel that has an outstanding event.
 *  event : the current outstanding event.
 */
void ir_session(IOCHAN h, int event)
{
    int res;
    association *assoc = iochan_getdata(h);
    COMSTACK conn = assoc->client_link;
    request *req;

    assert(h && conn && assoc);
    if (event == EVENT_TIMEOUT)
    {
        if (assoc->state != ASSOC_UP)
        {
            logf(LOG_LOG, "Final timeout - closing connection.");
            cs_close(conn);
            destroy_association(assoc);
            iochan_destroy(h);
        }
        else
        {
            logf(LOG_LOG, "Session idle too long. Sending close.");
            do_close(assoc, Z_Close_lackOfActivity, 0);
        }
        return;
    }
    if (event & EVENT_INPUT || event & EVENT_WORK) /* input */
    {
        if (event & EVENT_INPUT)
        {
            logf(LOG_DEBUG, "ir_session (input)");
            assert(assoc && conn);
            /* We aren't speaking to this fellow */
            if (assoc->state == ASSOC_DEAD)
            {
                logf(LOG_LOG, "Closed connection after reject");
                cs_close(conn);
                destroy_association(assoc);
                iochan_destroy(h);
                return;
            }
            if ((res = cs_get(conn, &assoc->input_buffer,
                &assoc->input_buffer_len)) <= 0)
            {
                logf(LOG_LOG, "Connection closed by client");
                cs_close(conn);
                destroy_association(assoc);
                iochan_destroy(h);
                return;
            }
            else if (res == 1) /* incomplete read - wait for more  */
                return;
            if (cs_more(conn)) /* more stuff - call us again later, please */
                iochan_setevent(h, EVENT_INPUT);
                
            /* we got a complete PDU. Let's decode it */
            logf(LOG_DEBUG, "Got PDU, %d bytes", res);
            req = request_get(); /* get a new request structure */
            odr_reset(assoc->decode);
            odr_setbuf(assoc->decode, assoc->input_buffer, res, 0);
            if (!z_APDU(assoc->decode, &req->request, 0))
            {
                logf(LOG_LOG, "ODR error on incoming PDU: %s [near byte %d] ",
                    odr_errlist[odr_geterror(assoc->decode)],
                    odr_offset(assoc->decode));
                logf(LOG_LOG, "PDU dump:");
                odr_dumpBER(log_file(), assoc->input_buffer, res);
                do_close(assoc, Z_Close_protocolError, "Malformed package");
                return;
            }
            req->request_mem = odr_extract_mem(assoc->decode);
            if (assoc->print && !z_APDU(assoc->print, &req->request, 0))
            {
                logf(LOG_WARN, "ODR print error: %s", 
                    odr_errlist[odr_geterror(assoc->print)]);
                odr_reset(assoc->print);
            }
            request_enq(&assoc->incoming, req);
        }

        /* can we do something yet? */
        req = request_head(&assoc->incoming);
        if (req->state == REQUEST_IDLE)
            if (process_request(assoc) < 0)
                do_close(assoc, Z_Close_systemProblem, "Unknown error");
    }
    if (event & EVENT_OUTPUT)
    {
        request *req = request_head(&assoc->outgoing);

        logf(LOG_DEBUG, "ir_session (output)");
        req->state = REQUEST_PENDING;
        switch (res = cs_put(conn, req->response, req->len_response))
        {
            case -1:
                logf(LOG_LOG, "Connection closed by client");
                cs_close(conn);
                destroy_association(assoc);
                iochan_destroy(h);
                break;
            case 0: /* all sent - release the request structure */
                logf(LOG_DEBUG, "Wrote PDU, %d bytes", req->len_response);
                nmem_destroy(req->request_mem);
                request_deq(&assoc->outgoing);
                request_release(req);
                if (!request_head(&assoc->outgoing))
                    iochan_clearflag(h, EVENT_OUTPUT);
                break;
            /* value of 1 -- partial send -- is simply ignored */
        }
    }
    if (event & EVENT_EXCEPT)
    {
        logf(LOG_DEBUG, "ir_session (exception)");
        cs_close(conn);
        destroy_association(assoc);
        iochan_destroy(h);
    }
}

/*
 * Initiate request processing.
 */
static int process_request(association *assoc)
{
    request *req = request_head(&assoc->incoming);
    int fd = -1;
    Z_APDU *res;

    logf(LOG_DEBUG, "process_request");
    assert(req && req->state == REQUEST_IDLE);
    switch (req->request->which)
    {
        case Z_APDU_initRequest:
            res = process_initRequest(assoc, req); break;
        case Z_APDU_searchRequest:
            res = process_searchRequest(assoc, req, &fd); break;
        case Z_APDU_presentRequest:
            res = process_presentRequest(assoc, req, &fd); break;
        case Z_APDU_scanRequest:
            res = process_scanRequest(assoc, req, &fd); break;
        case Z_APDU_close:
            process_close(assoc, req); return 0;
        default:
            logf(LOG_WARN, "Bad APDU received");
            return -1;
    }
    if (res)
    {
        logf(LOG_DEBUG, "  result immediately available");
        return process_response(assoc, req, res);
    }
    else if (fd < 0)
    {
        logf(LOG_WARN, "   bad result");
        return -1;
    }
    else /* no result yet - one will be provided later */
    {
        IOCHAN chan;

        /* Set up an I/O handler for the fd supplied by the backend */

        logf(LOG_DEBUG, "   establishing handler for result");
        req->state = REQUEST_PENDING;
        if (!(chan = iochan_create(fd, backend_response, EVENT_INPUT)))
            abort();
        iochan_setdata(chan, assoc);
        return 0;
    }
}

/*
 * Handle message from the backend.
 */
void backend_response(IOCHAN i, int event)
{
    association *assoc = iochan_getdata(i);
    request *req = request_head(&assoc->incoming);
    Z_APDU *res;
    int fd;

    logf(LOG_DEBUG, "backend_response");
    assert(assoc && req && req->state != REQUEST_IDLE);
    /* determine what it is we're waiting for */
    switch (req->request->which)
    {
        case Z_APDU_searchRequest:
            res = response_searchRequest(assoc, req, 0, &fd); break;
#if 0
        case Z_APDU_presentRequest:
            res = response_presentRequest(assoc, req, 0, &fd); break;
        case Z_APDU_scanRequest:
            res = response_scanRequest(assoc, req, 0, &fd); break;
#endif
        default:
            logf(LOG_WARN, "Serious programmer's lapse or bug");
            abort();
    }
    if ((res && process_response(assoc, req, res) < 0) || fd < 0)
    {
        logf(LOG_LOG, "Fatal error when talking to backend");
        do_close(assoc, Z_Close_systemProblem, 0);
        iochan_destroy(i);
        return;
    }
    else if (!res) /* no result yet - try again later */
    {
        logf(LOG_DEBUG, "   no result yet");
        iochan_setfd(i, fd); /* in case fd has changed */
    }
}

/*
 * Encode response, and transfer the request structure to the outgoing queue.
 */
static int process_response(association *assoc, request *req, Z_APDU *res)
{
    odr_setbuf(assoc->encode, req->response, req->size_response, 1);
    if (!z_APDU(assoc->encode, &res, 0))
    {
        logf(LOG_WARN, "ODR error when encoding response: %s",
            odr_errlist[odr_geterror(assoc->decode)]);
        odr_reset(assoc->encode);
        return -1;
    }
    req->response = odr_getbuf(assoc->encode, &req->len_response,
        &req->size_response);
    odr_setbuf(assoc->encode, 0, 0, 0); /* don'txfree if we abort later */
    odr_reset(assoc->encode);
    if (assoc->print && !z_APDU(assoc->print, &res, 0))
    {
        logf(LOG_WARN, "ODR print error: %s", 
            odr_errlist[odr_geterror(assoc->print)]);
        odr_reset(assoc->print);
    }
    /* change this when we make the backend reentrant */
    if (req == request_head(&assoc->incoming))
    {
        req->state = REQUEST_IDLE;
        request_deq(&assoc->incoming);
    }
    request_enq(&assoc->outgoing, req);
    /* turn the work over to the ir_session handler */
    iochan_setflag(assoc->client_chan, EVENT_OUTPUT);
    /* Is there more work to be done? give that to the input handler too */
    if (request_head(&assoc->incoming))
        iochan_setevent(assoc->client_chan, EVENT_WORK);
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Handle init request.
 * At the moment, we don't check the options
 * anywhere else in the code - we just try not to do anything that would
 * break a naive client. We'll toss 'em into the association block when
 * we need them there.
 */
static Z_APDU *process_initRequest(association *assoc, request *reqb)
{
    Z_InitRequest *req = reqb->request->u.initRequest;
    Z_APDU *apdu = zget_APDU(assoc->encode, Z_APDU_initResponse);
    Z_InitResponse *resp = apdu->u.initResponse;
    bend_initrequest binitreq;
    bend_initresult *binitres;
    char options[100];

    logf(LOG_LOG, "Got initRequest");
    if (req->implementationId)
        logf(LOG_LOG, "Id:        %s", req->implementationId);
    if (req->implementationName)
        logf(LOG_LOG, "Name:      %s", req->implementationName);
    if (req->implementationVersion)
        logf(LOG_LOG, "Version:   %s", req->implementationVersion);

    binitreq.configname = "default-config";
    binitreq.auth = req->idAuthentication;
    if (!(binitres = bend_init(&binitreq)))
    {
        logf(LOG_WARN, "Bad response from backend.");
        return 0;
    }

    assoc->backend = binitres->handle;
    resp->referenceId = req->referenceId;
    *options = '\0';
    /* let's tell the client what we can do */
    if (ODR_MASK_GET(req->options, Z_Options_search))
    {
        ODR_MASK_SET(resp->options, Z_Options_search);
        strcat(options, "srch");
    }
    if (ODR_MASK_GET(req->options, Z_Options_present))
    {
        ODR_MASK_SET(resp->options, Z_Options_present);
        strcat(options, " prst");
    }
#if 0
    if (ODR_MASK_GET(req->options, Z_Options_delSet))
    {
        ODR_MASK_SET(&options, Z_Options_delSet);
        strcat(options, " del");
    }
#endif
    if (ODR_MASK_GET(req->options, Z_Options_namedResultSets))
    {
        ODR_MASK_SET(resp->options, Z_Options_namedResultSets);
        strcat(options, " namedresults");
    }
    if (ODR_MASK_GET(req->options, Z_Options_scan))
    {
        ODR_MASK_SET(resp->options, Z_Options_scan);
        strcat(options, " scan");
    }
    if (ODR_MASK_GET(req->options, Z_Options_concurrentOperations))
    {
        ODR_MASK_SET(resp->options, Z_Options_concurrentOperations);
        strcat(options, " concurop");
    }

    if (ODR_MASK_GET(req->protocolVersion, Z_ProtocolVersion_1))
    {
        ODR_MASK_SET(resp->protocolVersion, Z_ProtocolVersion_1);
        assoc->version = 2; /* 1 & 2 are equivalent */
    }
    if (ODR_MASK_GET(req->protocolVersion, Z_ProtocolVersion_2))
    {
        ODR_MASK_SET(resp->protocolVersion, Z_ProtocolVersion_2);
        assoc->version = 2;
    }
    if (ODR_MASK_GET(req->protocolVersion, Z_ProtocolVersion_3))
    {
        ODR_MASK_SET(resp->protocolVersion, Z_ProtocolVersion_3);
        assoc->version = 3;
    }
    logf(LOG_LOG, "Negotiated to v%d: %s", assoc->version, options);
    assoc->maximumRecordSize = *req->maximumRecordSize;
    if (assoc->maximumRecordSize > control_block->maxrecordsize)
        assoc->maximumRecordSize = control_block->maxrecordsize;
    assoc->preferredMessageSize = *req->preferredMessageSize;
    if (assoc->preferredMessageSize > assoc->maximumRecordSize)
        assoc->preferredMessageSize = assoc->maximumRecordSize;
    resp->preferredMessageSize = &assoc->preferredMessageSize;
    resp->maximumRecordSize = &assoc->maximumRecordSize;
    resp->implementationName = "Index Data/YAZ Generic Frontend Server";
    if (binitres->errcode)
    {
        logf(LOG_LOG, "Connection rejected by backend.");
        *resp->result = 0;
        assoc->state = ASSOC_DEAD;
    }
    else
        assoc->state = ASSOC_UP;
    return apdu;
}

/*
 * These functions should be merged.
 */

/*
 * nonsurrogate diagnostic record.
 */
static Z_Records *diagrec(oid_proto proto, int error, char *addinfo)
{
    static Z_Records rec;
    oident bib1;
    static int err;
#ifdef Z_95
    static Z_DiagRec drec;
    static Z_DefaultDiagFormat dr;
#else
    static Z_DiagRec dr;
#endif

    bib1.proto = proto;
    bib1.oclass = CLASS_DIAGSET;
    bib1.value = VAL_BIB1;

    logf(LOG_DEBUG, "Diagnostic: %d -- %s", error, addinfo ? addinfo :
        "NULL");
    err = error;
    rec.which = Z_Records_NSD;
#ifdef Z_95
    rec.u.nonSurrogateDiagnostic = &drec;
    drec.which = Z_DiagRec_defaultFormat;
    drec.u.defaultFormat = &dr;
#else
    rec.u.nonSurrogateDiagnostic = &dr;
#endif
    dr.diagnosticSetId = oid_getoidbyent(&bib1);
    dr.condition = &err;
    dr.which = Z_DiagForm_v2AddInfo;
    dr.addinfo = addinfo ? addinfo : "";
    return &rec;
}

/*
 * surrogate diagnostic.
 */
static Z_NamePlusRecord *surrogatediagrec(oid_proto proto, char *dbname,
                                            int error, char *addinfo)
{
    static Z_NamePlusRecord rec;
    static int err;
    oident bib1;
#ifdef Z_95
    static Z_DiagRec drec;
    static Z_DefaultDiagFormat dr;
#else
    static Z_DiagRec dr;
#endif

    bib1.proto = proto;
    bib1.oclass = CLASS_DIAGSET;
    bib1.value = VAL_BIB1;

    logf(LOG_DEBUG, "SurrogateDiagnotic: %d -- %s", error, addinfo);
    err = error;
    rec.databaseName = dbname;
    rec.which = Z_NamePlusRecord_surrogateDiagnostic;
#ifdef Z_95
    rec.u.surrogateDiagnostic = &drec;
    drec.which = Z_DiagRec_defaultFormat;
    drec.u.defaultFormat = &dr;
#else
    rec.u.surrogateDiagnostic = &dr;
#endif
    dr.diagnosticSetId = oid_getoidbyent(&bib1);
    dr.condition = &err;
    dr.which = Z_DiagForm_v2AddInfo;
    dr.addinfo = addinfo ? addinfo : "";
    return &rec;
}

/*
 * multiple nonsurrogate diagnostics.
 */
static Z_DiagRecs *diagrecs(oid_proto proto, int error, char *addinfo)
{
    static Z_DiagRecs recs;
    static int err;
    oident bib1;
#ifdef Z_95
    static Z_DiagRec *recp[1], drec;
    static Z_DefaultDiagFormat rec;
#else
    static Z_DiagRec *recp[1], rec;
#endif

    logf(LOG_DEBUG, "DiagRecs: %d -- %s", error, addinfo);
    bib1.proto = proto;
    bib1.oclass = CLASS_DIAGSET;
    bib1.value = VAL_BIB1;

    err = error;
    recs.num_diagRecs = 1;
    recs.diagRecs = recp;
#ifdef Z_95
    recp[0] = &drec;
    drec.which = Z_DiagRec_defaultFormat;
    drec.u.defaultFormat = &rec;
#else
    recp[0] = &rec;
#endif
    rec.diagnosticSetId = oid_getoidbyent(&bib1);
    rec.condition = &err;
    rec.which = Z_DiagForm_v2AddInfo;
    rec.addinfo = addinfo ? addinfo : "";
    return &recs;
}

#define MAX_RECORDS 256

static Z_Records *pack_records(association *a, char *setname, int start,
                                int *num, Z_RecordComposition *comp,
                                int *next, int *pres, oid_value format)
{
    int recno, total_length = 0, toget = *num, dumped_records = 0;
    static Z_Records records;
    static Z_NamePlusRecordList reclist;
    static Z_NamePlusRecord *list[MAX_RECORDS];
    oident recform;

    records.which = Z_Records_DBOSD;
    records.u.databaseOrSurDiagnostics = &reclist;
    reclist.num_records = 0;
    reclist.records = list;
    *pres = Z_PRES_SUCCESS;
    *num = 0;
    *next = 0;

    logf(LOG_DEBUG, "Request to pack %d+%d", start, toget);
    logf(LOG_DEBUG, "pms=%d, mrs=%d", a->preferredMessageSize,
        a->maximumRecordSize);
    for (recno = start; reclist.num_records < toget; recno++)
    {
        bend_fetchrequest freq;
        bend_fetchresult *fres;
        Z_NamePlusRecord *thisrec;
        Z_DatabaseRecord *thisext;
        int this_length;

        /*
         * we get the number of bytes allocated on the stream before any
         * allocation done by the backend - this should give us a reasonable
         * idea of the total size of the data so far.
         */
        total_length = odr_total(a->encode) - dumped_records;
        if (reclist.num_records == MAX_RECORDS - 1)
        {
            *pres = Z_PRES_PARTIAL_2;
            break;
        }
        freq.setname = setname;
        freq.number = recno;
        freq.comp = comp;
        freq.format = format;
        freq.stream = a->encode;
        if (!(fres = bend_fetch(a->backend, &freq, 0)))
        {
            *pres = Z_PRES_FAILURE;
            return diagrec(a->proto, 2, "Backend interface problem");
        }
        /* backend should be able to signal whether error is system-wide
           or only pertaining to current record */
        if (fres->errcode)
        {
            *pres = Z_PRES_FAILURE;
            return diagrec(a->proto, fres->errcode, fres->errstring);
        }
        if (fres->len >= 0)
            this_length = fres->len;
        else
            this_length = odr_total(a->encode) - total_length;
        logf(LOG_DEBUG, "  fetched record, len=%d, total=%d",
            this_length, total_length);
        if (this_length + total_length > a->preferredMessageSize)
        {
            /* record is small enough, really */
            if (this_length <= a->preferredMessageSize)
            {
                logf(LOG_DEBUG, "  Dropped last normal-sized record");
                *pres = Z_PRES_PARTIAL_2;
                break;
            }
            /* record can only be fetched by itself */
            if (this_length < a->maximumRecordSize)
            {
                logf(LOG_DEBUG, "  Record > prefmsgsz");
                if (toget > 1)
                {
                    logf(LOG_DEBUG, "  Dropped it");
                    reclist.records[reclist.num_records] =
                         surrogatediagrec(a->proto, fres->basename, 16, 0);
                    reclist.num_records++;
                    *next = fres->last_in_set ? 0 : recno + 1;
                    dumped_records += this_length;
                    continue;
                }
            }
            else /* too big entirely */
            {
                logf(LOG_DEBUG, "Record > maxrcdsz");
                reclist.records[reclist.num_records] =
                    surrogatediagrec(a->proto, fres->basename, 17, 0);
                reclist.num_records++;
                *next = fres->last_in_set ? 0 : recno + 1;
                dumped_records += this_length;
                continue;
            }
        }
        if (!(thisrec = odr_malloc(a->encode, sizeof(*thisrec))))
            return 0;
        if (!(thisrec->databaseName = odr_malloc(a->encode,
            strlen(fres->basename) + 1)))
            return 0;
        strcpy(thisrec->databaseName, fres->basename);
        thisrec->which = Z_NamePlusRecord_databaseRecord;
        if (!(thisrec->u.databaseRecord = thisext = odr_malloc(a->encode,
            sizeof(Z_DatabaseRecord))))
            return 0;
        recform.proto = a->proto;
        recform.oclass = CLASS_RECSYN;
        recform.value = fres->format;
        thisext->direct_reference = odr_oiddup(a->encode,
            oid_getoidbyent(&recform));
        thisext->indirect_reference = 0;
        thisext->descriptor = 0;
        if (fres->len < 0) /* Structured data */
        {
            switch (fres->format)
            {
                case VAL_SUTRS: thisext->which = Z_External_sutrs; break;
                case VAL_GRS1: thisext->which = Z_External_grs1; break;
                case VAL_EXPLAIN: thisext->which = Z_External_explainRecord;
                    break;
                case VAL_SUMMARY: thisext->which = Z_External_summary; break;
                case VAL_OPAC: thisext->which = Z_External_OPAC; break;

                default:
                    logf(LOG_FATAL, "Unknown structured format from backend.");
                    return 0;
            }

            /*
             * We cheat on the pointers here. Obviously, the record field
             * of the backend-fetch structure should have been a union for
             * correctness, but we're stuck with this for backwards
             * compatibility.
             */
            thisext->u.grs1 = (Z_GenericRecord*) fres->record;
        }
        else if (fres->format == VAL_SUTRS) /* SUTRS is a single-ASN.1-type */
        {
            Odr_oct *sutrs = odr_malloc(a->encode, sizeof(*sutrs));

            thisext->which = Z_External_sutrs;
            thisext->u.sutrs = sutrs;
            sutrs->buf = odr_malloc(a->encode, fres->len);
            sutrs->len = sutrs->size = fres->len;
            memcpy(sutrs->buf, fres->record, fres->len);
        }
        else /* octet-aligned record. */
        {
            thisext->which = Z_External_octet;
            if (!(thisext->u.octet_aligned = odr_malloc(a->encode,
                sizeof(Odr_oct))))
                return 0;
            if (!(thisext->u.octet_aligned->buf = odr_malloc(a->encode,
                fres->len)))
                return 0;
            memcpy(thisext->u.octet_aligned->buf, fres->record, fres->len);
            thisext->u.octet_aligned->len = thisext->u.octet_aligned->size =
                fres->len;
        }
        reclist.records[reclist.num_records] = thisrec;
        reclist.num_records++;
        *next = fres->last_in_set ? 0 : recno + 1;
    }
    *num = reclist.num_records;
    return &records;
}

static Z_APDU *process_searchRequest(association *assoc, request *reqb,
    int *fd)
{
    Z_SearchRequest *req = reqb->request->u.searchRequest;
    bend_searchrequest bsrq;
    bend_searchresult *bsrt;

    logf(LOG_LOG, "Got SearchRequest.");

    bsrq.setname = req->resultSetName;
    bsrq.replace_set = *req->replaceIndicator;
    bsrq.num_bases = req->num_databaseNames;
    bsrq.basenames = req->databaseNames;
    bsrq.query = req->query;

    if (!(bsrt = bend_search(assoc->backend, &bsrq, fd)))
        return 0;
    return response_searchRequest(assoc, reqb, bsrt, fd);
}

bend_searchresult *bend_searchresponse(void *handle) {return 0;}

/*
 * Prepare a searchresponse based on the backend results. We probably want
 * to look at making the fetching of records nonblocking as well, but
 * so far, we'll keep things simple.
 * If bsrt is null, that means we're called in response to a communications
 * event, and we'll have to get the response for ourselves.
 */
static Z_APDU *response_searchRequest(association *assoc, request *reqb,
    bend_searchresult *bsrt, int *fd)
{
    Z_SearchRequest *req = reqb->request->u.searchRequest;
    static Z_APDU apdu;
    static Z_SearchResponse resp;
    static int nulint = 0;
    static bool_t sr = 1;
    static int next = 0;
    static int none = Z_RES_NONE;

    apdu.which = Z_APDU_searchResponse;
    apdu.u.searchResponse = &resp;
    resp.referenceId = req->referenceId;
#ifdef Z_95
    resp.additionalSearchInfo = 0;
    resp.otherInfo = 0;
#endif
    *fd = -1;
    if (!bsrt && !(bsrt = bend_searchresponse(assoc->backend)))
    {
        logf(LOG_FATAL, "Bad result from backend");
        return 0;
    }
    else if (bsrt->errcode)
    {
        resp.records = diagrec(assoc->proto, bsrt->errcode,
            bsrt->errstring);
        resp.resultCount = &nulint;
        resp.numberOfRecordsReturned = &nulint;
        resp.nextResultSetPosition = &nulint;
        resp.searchStatus = &nulint;
        resp.resultSetStatus = &none;
        resp.presentStatus = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        static int toget;
        Z_RecordComposition comp, *compp = 0;
        static int presst = 0;

        resp.records = 0;
        resp.resultCount = &bsrt->hits;

        comp.which = Z_RecordComp_simple;
        /* how many records does the user agent want, then? */
        if (bsrt->hits <= *req->smallSetUpperBound)
        {
            toget = bsrt->hits;
            if ((comp.u.simple = req->smallSetElementSetNames))
                compp = &comp;
        }
        else if (bsrt->hits < *req->largeSetLowerBound)
        {
            toget = *req->mediumSetPresentNumber;
            if (toget > bsrt->hits)
                toget = bsrt->hits;
            if ((comp.u.simple = req->mediumSetElementSetNames))
                compp = &comp;
        }
        else
            toget = 0;

        if (toget && !resp.records)
        {
            oident *prefformat;
            oid_value form;

            if (!(prefformat = oid_getentbyoid(req->preferredRecordSyntax)) ||
                prefformat->oclass != CLASS_RECSYN)
                form = VAL_NONE;
            else
                form = prefformat->value;
            resp.records = pack_records(assoc, req->resultSetName, 1,
                &toget, compp, &next, &presst, form);
            if (!resp.records)
                return 0;
            resp.numberOfRecordsReturned = &toget;
            resp.nextResultSetPosition = &next;
            resp.searchStatus = &sr;
            resp.resultSetStatus = 0;
            resp.presentStatus = &presst;
        }
        else
        {
            if (*resp.resultCount)
                next = 1;
            resp.numberOfRecordsReturned = &nulint;
            resp.nextResultSetPosition = &next;
            resp.searchStatus = &sr;
            resp.resultSetStatus = 0;
            resp.presentStatus = 0;
        }
    }
    return &apdu;
}

/*
 * Maybe we got a little over-friendly when we designed bend_fetch to
 * get only one record at a time. Some backends can optimise multiple-record
 * fetches, and at any rate, there is some overhead involved in
 * all that selecting and hopping around. Problem is, of course, that the
 * frontend can't know ahead of time how many records it'll need to
 * fill the negotiated PDU size. Annoying. Segmentation or not, Z/SR
 * is downright lousy as a bulk data transfer protocol.
 *
 * To start with, we'll do the fetching of records from the backend
 * in one operation: To save some trips in and out of the event-handler,
 * and to simplify the interface to pack_records. At any rate, asynch
 * operation is more fun in operations that have an unpredictable execution
 * speed - which is normally more true for search than for present.
 */
static Z_APDU *process_presentRequest(association *assoc, request *reqb,
    int *fd)
{
    Z_PresentRequest *req = reqb->request->u.presentRequest;
    static Z_APDU apdu;
    static Z_PresentResponse resp;
    static int presst, next, num;
    oident *prefformat;
    oid_value form;


    logf(LOG_LOG, "Got PresentRequest.");
    apdu.which = Z_APDU_presentResponse;
    apdu.u.presentResponse = &resp;
    resp.referenceId = req->referenceId;
#ifdef Z_95
    resp.otherInfo = 0;
#endif

    if (!(prefformat = oid_getentbyoid(req->preferredRecordSyntax)) ||
        prefformat->oclass != CLASS_RECSYN)
        form = VAL_NONE;
    else
        form = prefformat->value;
    num = *req->numberOfRecordsRequested;
    resp.records = pack_records(assoc, req->resultSetId,
        *req->resultSetStartPoint, &num, req->recordComposition, &next,
        &presst, form);
    if (!resp.records)
        return 0;
    resp.numberOfRecordsReturned = &num;
    resp.presentStatus = &presst;
    resp.nextResultSetPosition = &next;

    return &apdu;
}

/*
 * Scan was implemented rather in a hurry, and with support for only the basic
 * elements of the service in the backend API. Suggestions are welcome.
 */
static Z_APDU *process_scanRequest(association *assoc, request *reqb, int *fd)
{
    Z_ScanRequest *req = reqb->request->u.scanRequest;
    static Z_APDU apdu;
    static Z_ScanResponse res;
    static int scanStatus = Z_Scan_failure;
    static int numberOfEntriesReturned = 0;
    oident *attent;
    static Z_ListEntries ents;
#define SCAN_MAX_ENTRIES 200
    static Z_Entry *tab[SCAN_MAX_ENTRIES];
    bend_scanrequest srq;
    bend_scanresult *srs;
    oident *attset;

    logf(LOG_LOG, "Got scanrequest");
    apdu.which = Z_APDU_scanResponse;
    apdu.u.scanResponse = &res;
    res.referenceId = req->referenceId;
    res.stepSize = 0;
    res.scanStatus = &scanStatus;
    res.numberOfEntriesReturned = &numberOfEntriesReturned;
    res.positionOfTerm = 0;
    res.entries = &ents;
    ents.which = Z_ListEntries_nonSurrogateDiagnostics;
    res.attributeSet = 0;
#ifdef Z_95
    res.otherInfo = 0;
#endif

    if (req->attributeSet && (!(attent = oid_getentbyoid(req->attributeSet)) ||
        attent->oclass != CLASS_ATTSET || attent->value != VAL_BIB1))
        ents.u.nonSurrogateDiagnostics = diagrecs(assoc->proto, 121, 0);
    else if (req->stepSize && *req->stepSize > 0)
        ents.u.nonSurrogateDiagnostics = diagrecs(assoc->proto, 205, 0);
    else
    {
        if (req->termListAndStartPoint->term->which == Z_Term_general)
            logf(LOG_DEBUG, " term: '%.*s'",
                req->termListAndStartPoint->term->u.general->len,
                req->termListAndStartPoint->term->u.general->buf);
        srq.num_bases = req->num_databaseNames;
        srq.basenames = req->databaseNames;
        srq.num_entries = *req->numberOfTermsRequested;
        srq.term = req->termListAndStartPoint;
        if (!(attset = oid_getentbyoid(req->attributeSet)) ||
            attset->oclass != CLASS_RECSYN)
            srq.attributeset = VAL_NONE;
        else
            srq.attributeset = attset->value;
        srq.term_position = req->preferredPositionInResponse ?
            *req->preferredPositionInResponse : 1;
        if (!(srs = bend_scan(assoc->backend, &srq, 0)))
            ents.u.nonSurrogateDiagnostics = diagrecs(assoc->proto, 2, 0);
        else if (srs->errcode)
            ents.u.nonSurrogateDiagnostics = diagrecs(assoc->proto,
                srs->errcode, srs->errstring);
        else
        {
            int i;
            static Z_Entries list;

            if (srs->status == BEND_SCAN_PARTIAL)
                scanStatus = Z_Scan_partial_5;
            else
                scanStatus = Z_Scan_success;
            ents.which = Z_ListEntries_entries;
            ents.u.entries = &list;
            list.entries = tab;
            for (i = 0; i < srs->num_entries; i++)
            {
                Z_Entry *e;
                Z_TermInfo *t;
                Odr_oct *o;

                if (i >= SCAN_MAX_ENTRIES)
                {
                    scanStatus = Z_Scan_partial_4;
                    break;
                }
                list.entries[i] = e = odr_malloc(assoc->encode, sizeof(*e));
                e->which = Z_Entry_termInfo;
                e->u.termInfo = t = odr_malloc(assoc->encode, sizeof(*t));
                t->suggestedAttributes = 0;
                t->displayTerm = 0;
                t->alternativeTerm = 0;
                t->byAttributes = 0;
                t->otherTermInfo = 0;
                t->globalOccurrences = &srs->entries[i].occurrences;
                t->term = odr_malloc(assoc->encode, sizeof(*t->term));
                t->term->which = Z_Term_general;
                t->term->u.general = o = odr_malloc(assoc->encode,
                    sizeof(Odr_oct));
                o->buf = odr_malloc(assoc->encode, o->len = o->size =
                    strlen(srs->entries[i].term));
                memcpy(o->buf, srs->entries[i].term, o->len);
                logf(LOG_DEBUG, "  term #%d: '%s' (%d)", i,
                    srs->entries[i].term, srs->entries[i].occurrences);
            }
            list.num_entries = i;
            res.numberOfEntriesReturned = &list.num_entries;
            res.positionOfTerm = &srs->term_position;
        }
    }

    return &apdu;
}

static void process_close(association *assoc, request *reqb)
{
    Z_Close *req = reqb->request->u.close;
    static char *reasons[] =
    {
        "finished",
        "shutdown",
        "systemProblem",
        "costLimit",
        "resources",
        "securityViolation",
        "protocolError",
        "lackOfActivity",
        "peerAbort",
        "unspecified"
    };

    logf(LOG_LOG, "Got close, reason %s, message %s",
        reasons[*req->closeReason], req->diagnosticInformation ?
        req->diagnosticInformation : "NULL");
    if (assoc->version < 3) /* to make do_force respond with close */
        assoc->version = 3;
    do_close(assoc, Z_Close_finished, "Association terminated by client");
}